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酶技术发展与酶定向进化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分子水平改良酶的结构和功能是对工业微生物菌种传统诱变育种的发展和扬弃。采用DNA改组,酶定向进化,分子孵化技术改良产酶编码基因可大大提高产酶基因在宿主中的表达,从而提高酶的活力,增加酶的稳定性并产生其它附加功能。本文除了分析酶学研究和应用的一些最新观点和实施技术,还对当前酶制品的国际市场,传统酶与特殊酶的市场份额等作了介绍。 相似文献
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白腐真菌及其技术的潜在工业应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文概述了白腐真菌对木质素和各种结构不同的化学物的独特降解能力及其在降解机制,以及白腐真菌技术在石油化学工业,煤炭工业,纸浆造纸工业,纺织印染工业,酶制品生产和环境工程等方面潜在的工业应用前景。 相似文献
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利用活性黑RB5和活性红M-3BE作为筛选因子,从染料脱色效果、菌群产酶能力以及菌群中的微生物丰富度三方面比较了酵母培养基A、产漆酶真菌培养基B和白腐真菌培养基D在脱色真菌富集筛选方面的效果。富集筛选结果共得到11组具有明显脱色效果的真菌菌群,其中5组来自于D培养基,A和B培养基各获得3组。来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度,对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%,从中分离到了16株真菌,初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科(红曲霉属)、节壶菌科和白粉菌科;而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差,从中仅得到3株和2株真菌,初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶,产漆酶能力较弱,而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。 相似文献
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利用活性黑RB5和活性红M-3BE作为筛选因子,从染料脱色效果、菌群产酶能力以及菌群中的微生物丰富度三方面比较了酵母培养基A、产漆酶真菌培养基B和白腐真菌培养基D在脱色真菌富集筛选方面的效果。富集筛选结果共得到11组具有明显脱色效果的真菌菌群,其中5组来自于D培养基,A和B培养基各获得3组。来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度,对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%,从中分离到了16株真菌,初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科(红曲霉属)、节壶菌科和白粉菌科;而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差,从中仅得到3株和2株真菌,初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶,产漆酶能力较弱,而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。 相似文献
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木质素过氧化物酶是一种重要的具有工业应用前景的木质素降解酶,但已报道真菌来源的木质素过氧化物酶只能在酸性低温条件下发挥作用,限制了其进一步的工业应用.通过培养一株耐热耐碱放线茵——绿色糖单孢茵发酵产酶,采用DEAE-Cellulose,CM-Cellulose和Superdex 75凝胶过滤层析等分离纯化方法,得到一种具有耐热耐碱特性的木质素过氧化物酶.经凝胶电泳检测其为单一蛋白,分子量为41 kD.最终纯化倍数达到20倍,活性回收率为6%.采用LTQ法对纯酶进行蛋白质归类鉴定,得到其部分氨基酸片段,为该酶的进一步分子生物学研究奠定基础. 相似文献
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肠道微生物在昆虫的食物消化、免疫防御中发挥重要作用,但目前对昆虫肠道真菌了解不多。本研究以重要林业害虫—思茅松毛虫Dendrolimu kikuchii Matsumura为材料,分离鉴定其幼虫中的肠道真菌。采用传统微生物分离纯培养的方法从思茅松毛虫4龄幼虫肠道样品中分离肠道真菌,运用ITS序列分析鉴定,并对其产酶活性初步研究。经同源序列比对分析,思茅松毛虫4龄幼虫肠道中共分离得到12株真菌,分别属于德巴利酵母属Debaryomyces sp.,拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis sp.,青霉属Penicillium sp.,弯担菌属Curvibasidium sp.。产酶活性研究表明8株菌产纤维素酶,9株菌产淀粉酶,7株菌产脂肪酶,2株菌产蛋白酶。DKF-8产淀粉酶能力最高,酶活力是60.907 U/mL。DKF-10产纤维素酶能力最高,酶活力是14.276 U/g,菌株DKF-6产蛋白酶活力是5.561 U/mL,菌株DKF-8产蛋白酶酶活力是2.918 U/mL。思茅松毛虫4龄幼虫肠道真菌物种丰富度较低。本实验为未来深入研究思茅松毛虫肠道微生物功能提供了菌株材料。 相似文献
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Random insertional mutagenesis is an efficient tool for studying molecular mechanisms of many genetically determined processes. An improved variant of this method is REMI (Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration) mutagenesis. In this method, the insertion cassette is introduced into the recipient cell together with restriction endonuclease. As a result, the REMI cassette insertion occurs in sites recognized by the restriction enzyme. The use of restriction endonucleases enhances transformation rate and provides cassette insertion in virtually any locus. A mutation is tagged by the insertion cassette, which can be identified by isolating the REMI cassette together with the flanking genomic DNA regions. The review describes general requirements to REMI. The mechanisms of REMI mutagenesis are surveyed with special reference to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Special attention is given to the development and use of REMI for other lower eukaryotes (yeasts and mould fungi). Drawbacks of the method and perspectives of its use are discussed. 相似文献
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Random insertional mutagenesis is an efficient tool for studying molecular mechanisms of many genetically determined processes. An improved variant of this method is REMI (Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration) mutagenesis. In this method, the insertion cassette is introduced into the recipient cell together with restriction endonuclease. As a result, the REMI cassette insertion occurs in sites recognized by the restriction enzyme. The use of restriction endonucleases enhances transformation rate and provides cassette insertion in virtually any locus. A mutation is tagged by the insertion cassette, which can be identified by isolating the REMI cassette together with the flanking genomic DNA regions. The review describes general requirements to REMI. The mechanisms of REMI mutagenesis are surveyed with special reference to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Special attention is given to the development and use of REMI for other lower eukaryotes (yeasts and mould fungi). Drawbacks of the method and perspectives of its use are discussed. 相似文献
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利用廉价可再生木质纤维素资源水解产生的可发酵糖生产生物能源和生物基化学品是近年来国内外研究的热点。纤维素酶酶解是木质纤维素原料生物降解的重要手段,但目前纤维素酶生产成本过高,限制了纤维素生物转化和生物炼制的工业化应用。对丝状真菌纤维素酶基因表达和调控进行研究,有利于进一步选育纤维素酶高产菌株,降低纤维素酶生产成本。随着高通量测序及丝状真菌遗传操作等技术的进步,对丝状真菌纤维素酶诱导和基因表达调控机理有了更深入的认识。本文综述了近年来丝状真菌纤维素酶诱导和纤维素酶基因表达调控的最新进展,重点论述糖转运蛋白、转录因子和染色质重塑对纤维素酶表达调控的影响,并对利用人工锌指蛋白进行丝状真菌纤维素酶诱导调控研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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Roland S. Kun Ana Carolina S. Gomes Kristiina S. Hildén Sonia Salazar Cerezo Miia R. Mäkelä Ronald P. de Vries 《Biotechnology advances》2019,37(6):107361
Fungal strain engineering is commonly used in many areas of biotechnology, including the production of plant biomass degrading enzymes. Its aim varies from the production of specific enzymes to overall increased enzyme production levels and modification of the composition of the enzyme set that is produced by the fungus. Strain engineering involves a diverse range of methodologies, including classical mutagenesis, genetic engineering and genome editing. In this review, the main approaches for strain engineering of filamentous fungi in the field of plant biomass degradation will be discussed, including recent and not yet implemented methods, such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and adaptive evolution. 相似文献
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A critical review of the application of white rot fungus to environmental pollution control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2013,33(1):70-77
Research on white rot fungi for environmental biotechnology has been conducted for more than 20 years. In this article, we have reviewed processes for cell growth and enzyme production including the factors influencing enzyme productivity and the methods for enhancement of enzyme production. Significant progress has been achieved in molecular biology related to white rot fungi, especially related to the extraction of genetic material (RNA and DNA), gene cloning and the construction of genetically engineered microorganisms. The development of biotechnologies using white rot fungi for environmental pollution control has been implemented to treat various refractory wastes and to bioremediate contaminated soils. The current status and future research needs for fundamentals and application are addressed in this review. 相似文献
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A. A. Osmolovskiy N. A. Baranova V. G. Kreier A. V. Kurakov N. S. Egorov 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2014,50(3):219-227
Specific features in the development of micromycetes, typical mechanisms of their enzyme production, and conditions providing for an increase in enzyme secretion by the microscopic fungi in solid-state (on natural substrates and inert carriers) and membrane-surface liquid cultures are considered. The prospects and advantages of these fermentation methods for the production of extracellular enzymes are discussed and compared with submerged cultures. 相似文献
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Random insertional mutagenesis is a powerful tool to investigate the molecular basis of most genetically determined processes, for example in pathogenic fungi. An improved version of this method is the insertional mutagenesis via restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI). Transformation efficiency and mode of vector integration are species dependent and further influenced by vector conformation, restriction enzyme activity, and transformation protocol. An overview is given, covering the mutants and already identified genes obtained after REMI mutagenesis. An outlook describes the future developments in the field. 相似文献