梅岭霉素高产菌株链霉素抗性基因突变株筛选

通过链霉素对梅岭霉素 (Meilingmycin)产生菌南昌链霉菌NS 41 80菌株孢子致死浓度的测定 ,采用诱变剂EMS 4种不同剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理 ,然后涂布在含链霉素致死浓度的高氏平板上 ,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因 (str)突变株。并进一步筛选到梅岭霉素高产菌株 80 5 1 1 2 2 1 ,在摇瓶条件下 ,只产梅岭霉素不产南昌霉素 ,梅岭霉素活性单位达 1 ,52 1 μg/mL,比NS 41 80的摇瓶发酵单位 855μg/mL提高了 77 9% ,该菌株连续传 6代进行摇瓶发酵     

NTG诱变农抗702产生菌链霉菌702的研究

目的:筛选出产抗真菌活性物质的高产链霉菌702突变株。方法:分别以链霉菌702菌株为试验材料,以庆大霉素为敏感抗生素,NTG诱变链霉菌702菌株,获得抗庆大霉素突变株。结果:NTG处理90min对菌株的致死率可达73.46%,突变率高达23.64%,经过摇瓶筛选获得高产突变株20-29-12,产素单位达到1 443μg/mL,比出发菌株提高了38.08%。结论:采用抗药性致死突变标志的NTG诱变筛选模型可以获得产抗真菌活性物质的链霉菌702高产菌株。     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究*

通过链霉素对南昌霉素 (Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS 41 80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上 ,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯 (EMS)的不同诱变剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理 ,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素 ( 1 0 μg/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上 ,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因 (str)突变株。然后从 3,0 0 0株链霉素抗性基因 (str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高 2 0 %以上的菌株 2 0 2株。再进一步通过摇瓶复筛 ,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高 1     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究

通过对链霉素对南昌霉素（Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS－41－80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）的不同诱发剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素（10ug/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株。然后从3,000株链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高20％以上的菌株202株,再进一步通过摇瓶复筛,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高100％,200％,300％高产菌株为48株,7株和1株,分别为复筛菌和初筛菌株的23．76％和1．60％,3．46％和0．23％,0．5％和0．03％,将产素能力提高240％以上5个菌株连同出发菌株连续3批次进行摇瓶发酵结果,5个突变株的产素能力均比出发菌株的产素能力提高57％－96．4％,其中突变株80－5．3－165菌株摇瓶发酵单位达6,000ug/mL以上,3批次摇瓶平均发酵单位达5,855ug/mL,建立了南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变快速高效的筛选方法。     

通过获得链霉素抗性基因突变株筛选小诺霉素高产菌株

通过链霉素对小诺霉素产生菌 (Micromonospora purpura) 49 1 2 #菌株孢子致死浓度的测定 ,采用诱变剂EMS 3种不同诱变剂量对菌株的孢子进行诱变处理 ,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素致死浓度的改良高氏平板上 ,获得大量的链霉素抗性基因突变株 ,然后从链霉素抗性基因突变株进一步筛选小诺霉素高产菌株 ,获得小诺霉素菌株 49 1 2 3菌株。在摇瓶条件下 ,其产小诺霉素生物活性单位比出发菌株 49 1 2 #的摇瓶发酵单位提高了 40 %以上。小诺霉素的组分比由出发菌株的C2b∶C1a的 5∶5提高到 8∶2。C2b有效组分提高了 30 %;链霉素抗性基因突变与小诺霉素发酵单位突变之间 ,小诺霉素正突变率达到 40 %,负突变率达 2 6%,正突变大于负突变     

大气压辉光放电低温等离子体诱变选育谷氨酰胺转胺酶高产菌株

以茂源链轮丝菌(Streptoverticillium mobaraense)03-10为出发菌株,采用一种新型的裸露电极大气压辉光放电的冷等离子体技术对链霉菌孢子进行诱变。根据双层平板法菌落显色及诱变处理后菌落形态差异快速筛选谷氨酰胺转胺酶高产突变株。突变率、正突变率分别达到42.8%和20.6%。最后复筛选育出具有较好遗传稳定性和形态稳定性的高产突变株G2-1,酶活达到2.73U/mL,比出发菌株提高了82%。     

圈卷产色链霉菌lon基因的克隆及酶切分析

圈卷产色链霉菌是从我国东北土壤中筛选的一株Nkkomycin产生菌。在固体基本培养基上具有典型的链霉菌发育分化特征。经诱变得到不产孢子的白色突变株和不能形成气生菌丝的光秃型突变株。部分白色突变株和全部光秃型突变株在形态分化受阻的同时,也失去了产生Nikkomycin的能力。表明在圈卷产色链霉菌中,参与形态分化的基因与抗生素生物合成基因可能密切相关。     

氮离子注入诱变选育恩拉霉素高产菌株

利用氮离子注入对链霉菌的诱变效应,筛选高产恩拉霉素的变异菌株。利用不同剂量的氮离子对杀真菌放线菌S.fungicidicus NL629-3菌株进行诱变处理,研究低能氮离子注入对其存活率及产恩拉霉素能力的影响。低能氮离子注入剂量在60×1013ions/cm2时对链霉菌的诱变效应显著,试验得到了5株恩拉霉素产量较高的突变菌株,其中N3-643菌株经连续传代4次,遗传稳定性较好,其摇瓶发酵水平较对照提高了41%,放大发酵生产后平均发酵水平提高25.8%。离子注入诱变是获得高产恩拉霉素突变菌株的有效方法。     

链霉素抗性突变--纳他霉素高产菌株的选育研究

应用链霉素抗性筛选法,将经过紫外线诱变处理的纳他霉素生产菌——褐黄孢链霉菌(Streptomyces gilvosporeus)ATC13326的孢子涂布在含有链霉素最小抑制浓度(0．6μg／mL)的培养基平板上,获得了122株链霉素抗性突变株。其中纳他霉素产量高于出发菌株的有13株,产量阳性效率达到10．6％,同时获得了产抗生素能力为出发菌株1．46倍的突变株SG-56。     

链霉素抗性突变——纳他霉素高产菌株的选育研究*

应用链霉素抗性筛选法 ,将经过紫外线诱变处理的纳他霉素生产菌———褐黄孢链霉菌 (StreptomycesgilvosporeusATCC1 332 6的孢子涂布在含有链霉素最小抑制浓度 (0 6μg mL)的培养基平板上 ,获得了 1 2 2株链霉素抗性突变株。其中纳他霉素产量高于出发菌株的有1 3株 ,产量阳性效率达到 1 0 6 % ,同时获得了产抗生素能力为出发菌株 1 46倍的突变株SG 56。     

Cloning and Expression of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase and Construction of the Screening Model for the Enzymatic Inhibitors

表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)属受体酪氨酸激酶(Tyrosine kinase,TK)家族,其胞内的酪氨酸激酶在细胞信号转导通路中具有十分重要的作用。许多肿瘤的发生、发展都与EGFR胞内酪氨酸激酶的异常表达密切相关。因此,EGFR胞内酪氨酸激酶的抑制剂有可能成为治疗肿瘤的有效药物。本研究从人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC) 提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR获得EGFR酪氨酸激酶催化域的编码基因。将其克隆至载体pET-30a,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行了成功表达,采用Ni-NTA亲和层析对其进行了纯化。通过对酶的活性的测定,证明重组EGFR酪氨酸激酶蛋白具有利用ATP催化底物发生磷酸化反应的激酶活性。以该重组激酶为靶位构建了酶抑制剂筛选模型,拟对微生物代谢产物进行筛选。     

几种小分子化合物对P53蛋白与SV40大T抗原之间相互作用的影响

以P53蛋白与SV40大T抗原之间的相互作用作为药物分子靶标,利用酵母双杂交系统的α-半乳糖苷酶活力的测定方法,测定了两个系列的化合物对于P53蛋白与SV40大T抗原相互作用的影响。其中一个系列包括ZnCl2,MgCl2,CaCl2,和Cu-Cl2、BaCl2等二价金属盐;另一个系列是几种新疆特色植物的天然提取物,包括蒜氨酸、大蒜素、罗丹明B类物质AJ-8、黄酮、苦参碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱和骆驼蓬碱等。结果发现,ZnCl2能够特异使P53蛋白与SV40大T抗原之间的相互作用增强15％左右,而大蒜素和黄酮能够降低这两个蛋白的相互作用,降低程度分别为40％和30%,其它药物基本不影响两个蛋白的相互作用。     

Developing a pre-entry weed risk assessment system for use in Japan

We evaluated the applicability of the Australian Weed Risk Assessment (AWRA) system in Japan. Native weeds (n = 117) and introduced plants (n = 142), whose weed status was classified by 20 plant experts, were assessed using a slightly modified version of the AWRA system designed to fit Japanese conditions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the system, when classifying two-thirds of the 259 taxa as weeds or non-weeds, was plotted and the area under the ROC curve was calculated. The area was 0.88 and significantly greater than 0.5. Thus, the validity of the system to classify plants was proven. The best cut-off level for the WRA score using Youden’s index was 10. When taxa whose AWRA scores were greater than 10 were regarded as weeds, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.78, respectively. These values were verified with the remaining one-third of the taxa. From these findings, the modified AWRA system was considered to be effective for use in Japan. However, further studies are required to set the best cut-off level in terms of maximising the benefits gained from using the system. A second screening test associated with the cut-off level also needs to be developed.     

Pro-antibiotic Substrates for the Identification of Enantioselective Hydrolases

A new growth-based screening method for the identification of enantioselective hydrolases, such as lipases and esterases, using pro-antibiotic substrates was devised. An enantioselective hydrolase could be identified by measuring growth rates of cells in liquid media containing (R)- or (S)-2–phenylbutyric chloramphenicol esters. This method can be applied to the screening of novel enantioselective microbes and to the high-throughput screening for the directed evolution of enantioselective hydrolytic enzymes.     

Should the laboratory assess the sampling adequacy of cervical smears?

Should the laboratory assess the sampling adequacy of cervical smears? The results of a questionnaire answered by 14 out of the 18 NHS laboratories in Scotland reporting cervical smears showed that, since the publication of Guidelines for Judging the Adequacy of a Cervical Smear, by the British Society for Clinical Cytology (BSCC), rates of unsatisfactory smears had risen from a mean of 3.3% to 6.5%, with some laboratories reporting rates of over 10%. Four laboratories followed the guidelines closely in requiring the presence of two indicators of sampling of the transformation zone, i.e. endocervical cells, metaplastic cells or endocervical mucus. Seven laboratories required one indicator either in all smears or in a subset, whilst three did not require any indicator at all. The laboratories observing the guidelines closely had a higher mean unsatisfactory rate than those partially observing them. The main impediment to the full implementation of the BSCC guidelines appeared to be fear of an unmanageably high unsatisfactory smear rate. The accuracy of the assessment of adequacy is questioned, as is the cost effectiveness of doing so.     

In vitro enzyme evolution: the screening challenge of isolating the one in a million

The generation of large mutant libraries for in vitro enzyme evolution presents the challenge of effectively screening libraries of 10⁴–10⁷ mutants on the basis of simultaneously assaying their biocatalytic activity. In this review, we highlight the main steps involved in this process, describe the alternative approaches to address this challenge, survey the state-of-the-art technology and assess achievements already made. It is anticipated that, as a result of the expected accomplishment of further improvements in high-throughput screening that will allow routine screening of whole libraries, the number of useful new and improved enzymes derived through in vitro enzyme evolution will expand rapidly in the near future.     

高通量筛选技术及其应用

主要介绍了高通量筛选技术(HTS,HighThroughputScreening)的原理,包括非细胞相筛选、细胞相筛选和生物表型筛选及其在生命科学和药学领域中的应用以及高通量筛选技术的发展趋势。