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1.
历史记录我国大陆羊舌鲆属（Arnoglossus）有5个物种,它们是长鳍羊舌鲆（A. tapeinosoma）、纤羊舌鲆（A.tenuis）、多斑羊舌鲆（A. polyspilus）、大羊舌鲆（A.scapha）和日本羊舌鲆（A.japonicus）。1929年Weber等将长冠羊舌鲆（Arnoglossus macrolophus Alcock,1889）列为长鳍羊舌鲆[Platophrys(Arnoglossus)tapeinosoma Bleeker,1866;目前为A. tapeinosomus]的同物异名,并被国内外许多学者所采纳。Arai等1996年重新检视了长鳍羊舌鲆的模式标本和Weber等的长鳍羊舌鲆,发现了Weber等的标本应为长冠羊舌鲆,确认了长冠羊舌鲆种的有效性。作者2008至2021年间在中国大陆近海采集到了一批拟似长鳍羊舌鲆和长冠羊舌鲆的标本,为了正确鉴定这些标本,本研究对其形态和分子条形码进行了研究,将我们所采集标本的形态特征与两种模式种以及前人的研究数据进行了比较。结果表明,本研究标本的8个可数性状和20个性状比例值与长冠羊舌鲆的数值为相同、连续、包含或略... 相似文献
2.
斑鲆属（Pseudorhombus, Bleeker, 1862）隶属于鲽形目（Pleuronectiforms）牙鲆科（Paralichthyidae）,根据Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes记录有效种类有25种;根据李思忠等（1995）的《中国动物志：硬骨鱼纲 鲽形目》记载,目前在中国大陆海域有标本记录的有11种。本研究在2007年到2021年在海南的文昌、陵水和三亚分别采集到了9尾有眼侧有5个眼状斑纹的标本,并和该属25种鱼类的原始形态特征进行了比较。比对结果发现,该样品符合Amaoka（1969）定名的卷眼斑鲆（P. oculocirris Amaoka, 1969）形态特征。该种类目前只在日本和越南有报道,本研究是首次在中国大陆海域采集,故为新记录种。本研究结合卷眼斑鲆原始描述、相关文献和采集到的9尾标本的形态特征对该种类进行了详细的再描述,并首次提供了线粒体分子条形码（GenBank登录号为OL307681、OL307682和OL307683）。该种的主要形态特征为背鳍65–76;臀鳍50–57;有眼侧胸鳍11–13,无眼侧胸鳍10–12;尾鳍条2 + 13 + 2;第一鳃弓鳃耙4–7 + 17–20;侧线鳞71–82;脊椎骨10 + 26 = 36;背鳍前边几个鳍条稍长且基部只有1/5–1/3连有鳍膜,下眼上缘具有指状皮突。本研究的发现进一步扩大了该种的分布范围和提供了种类鉴定的分子依据,本报道将会为牙鲆科鱼类生物多样性和系统演化研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
姜小蝶;朱为菊;庞婉婷;王全喜 《水生生物学报》2024,(6):1011-1020
文章报道了采自中国上海市、黑龙江省和甘肃省的16株裸藻属物种,使用光学显微镜对其形态学特征进行了详细的观察,同时对所有藻株进行分离、纯化和培养,提取DNA后扩增各藻株的4个分子序列,并使用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建系统发育树,结合形态学方法和分子生物学手段鉴定为9个中国裸藻属新记录种,分别为敏捷裸藻Euglena agilis、裸脊裸藻E. gymnodinoides、耶氏裸藻E. jirovecii、曼克斯裸藻E. mainxii、后缩裸藻E. retronata、光明裸藻E. splendens、星形裸藻E. stellata、拟星形裸藻E. pseudostellata和波形裸藻E.undulata,对所有物种的形态学特征进行了详细的描述,同时明确了各物种的系统发育位置。这些物种均是首次在中国发现,中国裸藻属新记录种的发现将对裸藻属单系性研究及中国绿色裸藻类生物多样性组成研究提供数据支撑。 相似文献
4.
通过解剖Oxaenanus scopigeralis正模标本和同种雌雄外生殖器,发现O.scopigeralis(Moore,1867),sp.rev.&comb.nov.,(模式产地:印度)命名有效,其曾被认为是O.brontesalis(Walker,1858)(模式产地:婆罗洲)的同物异名.张,韩二人2019年发表的云南奥胸须夜蛾O.yunnana(模式产地:云南)应为O.scopigeralis的同物异名.作者在海南省采集到了奥胸须夜蛾属Oxaenanus 1新种海南奥胸须夜蛾Oxaenanus hainana sp.nov.,其与O.scopigeralis近似,但海南奥胸须夜蛾的前后翅亚外缘线更加模糊,抱器端骨化突起更短更细,阳茎端膜也更加复杂多变. 相似文献
5.
石果衣属Endocarpon和盾鳞衣属Placidium是瓶口衣科Verrucariaceae的重要组成部分。本研究应用形态学与分子系统学相结合的方法对该两属进行分类学研究,共发现新种1个：盘形盾鳞衣Placidium patellare,中国新记录种3个：卷边石果衣Endocarpon adsurgens,新白色石果衣Endocarpon neopallidulum和罗杰氏石果衣Endocarpon rogersii。本文提供了详细的形态学特征描述与特征图片。 相似文献
6.
用ABI377自动测序仪测定了蚱科5属11个种的12s和16S rRNA基因部分序列,并从GenBank获得1属1种的同源序列;用Clustal X1．81比较其同源性,用Mega2．1计算序列变异性和遗传距离。在获得的736bp序列中,A T含量为71．2％～77．5％,平均为73．9％;G C含量为22．5％～28．8％,平均为26．1％。经Clustal X1．81软件比对,共得到755个位点,其中简约信息位点185个。以Cylindraustralia kochii为外群,构建NJ、MP和ML分子系统树,结果表明：(1)蚱属并非一个单系群,而是一个并系群;(2)环江柯蚱Coptltettix huanjiangensis和贡山柯蚱C.gongshanensis为同一个种,即贡山柯蚱,而环江柯蚱是贡山柯蚱的同物异名。 相似文献
7.
从形态学角度研究了蚜科Aphididae长管蚜亚科Macrosiphidinae戏蚜Sportaphis sporta Zhang和扁蓄蓼蚜Polygonaphis aciculansucta Zhang的分类地位。结果表明：戏蚜为静细长蚜Tenuilongiaphis stata Zhang and Zhong的同物异名,扁蓄蓼蚜为扁蓄童盾蚜Aspidaphis adjuvas (Walker)的同物异名; 戏蚜属Sportaphis Zhang为细长蚜属Tenuilongiaphis Zhang的同物异名,蓼蚜属Polygonaphis Zhang为盾蚜属Aspidaphis Gillette的同物异名。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆、美国伊利诺伊大学 Illinois Natural History Survey（INHS）和法国自然历史博物馆（NHMF）。 相似文献
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9.
报道了暗色丝孢菌的三个中国新记录种:Beltraniellaportoricensis、Spadicoidesxylogena和Periconiacircinata,其中Beltraniella和Spadicoides两属在中国首次发现。研究的标本保藏于山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。 相似文献
10.
中国新记录属——颊寄蝇属分类研究（双翅目：寄蝇科） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
颊寄蝇属Dexiosoma属于寄蝇亚科、Microphthalmini族,该属种类均栖息于草丛中,寄生于土壤中金龟子科幼虫;其外形特征是侧颜宽,具淡色毛,单眼鬃缺,触角芒羽状,后背中鬃3,足黄,前足基节前内侧大部具倒伏的小毛。已知4种颊寄蝇中,3种分布东洋区,1种分布古北区。本文研究了产自上述两动物地理区的颊寄蝇属标本和文献,首次发现该属在我国分布,记述了采自四川,云南和西藏的1新种,暗角颊寄蝇Dexiosoma nigricornis;简述了分布辽宁和吉林的中国新记录种,灰颊寄蝇D.caninum(Fabricius)的主要特征;编制了本属5种雄性检索表;研究标本均保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所。 相似文献
11.
To evaluate taxonomic and genetic variation in Odontamblyopus lacepedii collected in East Asia, morphometric characters and molecular analysis were described. The body was ribbon-like. The body and head were grayish-purple with no embedded scales. Eyes were rudimentary, but distinct, covered by skin. The dorsal and anal fins were continuous with the caudal fin. The edges of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins were dark chocolate-brown. Genetic analysis of four species revealed higher mean A + T (55.4%) than G + C (44.6%). Twenty-two haplotype sequences were identified, containing 22 haplotypes, 131 variable sites and 122 parsimony-informative sites, with haplotype and nucleotide diversity differing among species. The intraspecies genetic distances ranged from 0.2% to 0.5% (average 0.3%) and interspecies differences from 1.1% to 17.6% (average 14.6%), respectively, indicating that these four species of Amblyopinae can be accurately identified. The NJ tree constructed using COI fragments based on 22 haplotypes was composed of two main branches: the upper branch comprising O. lacepedii and O. sp. showing a close relationship, with Trypauchen vagina and Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus clustering on the second branch. Thus, the results validated the identification of O. lacepedii at the morphological and genetic level. 相似文献
12.
A taxonomic reappraisal of four marine littoral Phucobius Sharp species along the western Pacific Ocean including the South China Sea is presented based on morphological and molecular characters (COI and 28S). Specimens of the four species, each having its own distinct geographic distribution, are extremely similar to each other including the structures of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and may be regarded as conspecific. Also, the molecular analyses support the validity of P. pectoralis with three synonymies based on morphological characters. Genetic divergence of COI using uncorrected p-distance among all individuals of Phucobius species ranged from 0.11% to 3.21%. Three distinct geographical clusters (Russia, Korea and Japan, and Vietnam) are found in the NJ and PA trees and we treat all of them as a single species. Three new synonyms are proposed for Phucobius pectoralis (Boheman): P. simulator Sharp syn. nov., P. tricolor Bernhauer syn. nov., and P. densipennis Bernhauer syn. nov. Phucobius pectoralis is redescribed with illustrations of diagnostic characters. Also, the intraspecific variation among the populations of P. pectoralis is briefly discussed. 相似文献
13.
《Arthropod Structure & Development》2014,43(6):615-658
Cuticular organs have not been described systematically in harpacticoids until recently, and they have never been used as characters for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships in any crustacean group. We survey cuticular pores and sensilla on somites in ten Miraciidae species, belonging to six genera, from Korea, Australia, and Russia. Nine species belong to the subfamily Stenheliinae, while the outgroup belongs to the subfamily Diosaccinae. We aim to compare phylogenetic trees reconstructed for these harpactioids based on: 1) cuticular organs (with 76 characters scored, 71% of them phylogenetically informative); 2) traditionally used macro-morphological characters (66 scored, 77% of them informative); and 3) mtCOI DNA data. All analyses suggest that cuticular organs are useful characters for harpacticoid species delineation, although not as sensitive as some fast-evolving molecular markers. Reconstructed cladograms based on all three datasets show very high bootstrap values for clades representing distinct genera, suggesting that cuticular organs are suitable characters for studying phylogenetic relationships. Bootstrap values for the more basal nodes differ among the different cladograms, as do the sister-group relationships they suggest, indicating that cuticular organs probably have different evolutionary constraints from macro-morphological characters. Cuticular organs could be quite useful in the study of old museum specimens and fossil crustaceans. 相似文献
14.
Ruth Jaén‐Molina Águedo Marrero‐Rodríguez J. Alfredo Reyes‐Betancort Arnoldo Santos‐Guerra José Naranjo‐Suárez Juli Caujapé‐Castells 《Molecular ecology resources》2015,15(1):42-56
We use a comprehensive subset of Canarian angiosperms corresponding to 23 families, 35 genera and 60 Canarian endemic taxa to test whether this flora is suitable to taxonomic identification with the two proposed plant DNA barcode sequences and whether these sequences may reveal the existence of cryptic species overlooked by morphology. The rate of discrimination success between the insular congeneric samples using the rbcL+matK combination and a ‘character‐based’ approach (where we use only the combination of nucleotide positions in an alignment that allows unambiguous species identification) is higher (82.29%) than that obtained with the ‘distance‐based’ approach (80.20%) used by the CBOL Plant Working Group in 2009 and also when compared with tests conducted in other floras. This suggests that the molecular identification of the Canarian endemic flora can be achieved as successfully as in other floras where the incidence of radiation is not as relevant. The facts that (i) a distance‐based criterion was unable to discriminate between congeneric and conspecific comparisons and (ii) only the character‐based discrimination criterion resolved cases that the distance‐based criterion did not, further support the use of a character discrimination approach for a more efficient DNA barcoding of floras from oceanic islands like the Canaries. Thus, a barcoding gap seems not to be necessary for the correct molecular characterization of the Canarian flora. DNA barcodes also suggest the possible existence of cryptic taxa to be further investigated by morphology and that the current taxonomic status of some of the taxa analysed may need revision. 相似文献
15.
通过对广东中部的阳生性灌木桃金娘和阴生性灌木九节的形态学、解剖学、植物生态学以及植物生理学等方面的比较发现：处于强光照下的桃金娘通过大的根系、多的枝叶和小的叶片在水分和养分竞争中处于优势,并利用小的枝角和叶毛来避免强光的伤害,而九节则是通过其叶、枝的最经济数量和最佳位置排列来充分利用阴暗不足的光线;桃金娘通过叶片和栅栏组织厚度以及短的小脉间距在强光下能继续进行光合作用并尽快运出光合产物,而九节的叶片则可充分利用森林底层有限的光照;在南亚热带,30％左右的透光率是林下耐荫性树种九节入侵和阳生性灌木桃金娘消亡的辐射条件;九节的生态对策为K对策,而桃金娘遵循r对策;九节和桃金娘的平均光合速率分别为5.9±1.6μmol CO2·m-2·s-1和11.9±0.4μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,光补偿点分别为0.005和0.012mmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点分别为0.04和0.39μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,气孔传导率分别为0.053±0.037μmolCO2·m-2·s-1和0.101±0.013 mol·m-2·s-l,暗呼吸速率分别为0.42±0.0lμmol CO2·m-2·s-1和0.16±0.15μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,这些生理学差异、形态解剖学差异等与其生境差异有密切的关系。 相似文献
16.
Tomasz Mamos Remi Wattier Aneta Majda Boris Sket Micha&#x; Grabowski 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2014,52(3):237-248
Mountainous areas are characterized by substantial biodiversity and endemicity due to their complex geological history and habitat fragmentation. Hence, it can be assumed that particularly high species richness can be found in organisms with limited dispersal capabilities that inhabit mountain streams. A number of scientific papers focus on molecular phylogeography or traditional taxonomy of species or species groups inhabiting such habitats. However, there is a lack of studies that integrate morphological and molecular data to identify and delineate cryptic species. For practical reasons, uncovering cryptic diversity is crucial in taxa used in biomonitoring. Distinct species, hard to separate based on morphology only, may have different tolerance ranges towards a variety of factors. Thus, our goal is to combine the two approaches to reveal potential patterns of diversification within a species widely distributed across European mountains: the amphipod crustacean Gammarus balcanicus. The data were obtained from 13 populations spread across the range of the species. Individuals were initially ascribed to G. balcanicus based on conventional fauna key morpho‐anatomical diagnostic features and were further analysed for 23 additional features to explore any putative diversification. Morphometric data were analysed with use of the multiple correspondence analysis and anova . Molecular distances were calculated for 551‐bp‐long COI sequences. Test for isolation by distance was performed for both morphological and molecular data. The morphometric studies showed that some of the analysed features differed significantly between populations, although there was only a weak correlation between the morphological divergence and the between‐population geographical distances. Moreover, high morphological diversity was present within sites. A set of 42 COI haplotypes was identified among the 135 individuals sequenced. No haplotype was shared among populations. The molecular p‐distances within the nine localities presenting more than one haplotype were either almost null (ca. <0.003 for 7 localities) or relatively low (ca. 0.01–0.02 for 2 localities). In opposite, the molecular p‐distances between localities were mostly at a high level (94% of pairwise comparisons being >0.14), similar as between other well‐defined species of the genus Gammarus. Surprisingly, G. balcanicus appears to be polyphyletic based on topology of the neighbour‐joining tree. The level of genetic distance between localities was not correlated with their geographical proximity. Globally, combining spatial patterns of morphological versus molecular divergence indicates a high level of cryptic diversity within a species conventionally defined based upon fauna key morphological features. In this context, the name G. balcanicus should be applied only to the population from locus typicus, while the other populations represent a number of putative distinct species. We may expect that such phenomenon would apply also to other animal taxa with conserved morphology, which are widespread over different mountain ranges in Europe. 相似文献
17.
Trigonostigma somphongsi, a critically endangered species, is a rare and endemic fish in Thailand. This species had disappeared from its natural habitat for 20 years until 2006. The DNA barcodes or the fragments of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) of T. somphongsi were investigated for species identification. The remaining two native species in the genus Trigonostigma, T. heteromorpha and T. espei were also identified using Boraras urophthalmoides as an outgroup species. The 707-bp fragments were successfully amplified and sequenced in all fifteen fish samples. In the genus Trigonostigma, the genetic distance within and between species ranged from 0.000 to 0.005 and 0.016 to 0.039, respectively. The lowest genetic distance (0.016) was between T. heteromorpha and T. espei, while the highest genetic distance (0.039) was between T. somphongsi and T. espei, followed by T. somphongsi and T. heteromorpha (0.035). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the relationship between the three Trigonostigma species (T. somphongsi was clearly separated from T. heteromorpha and T. espei) agreed with the morphological characteristics. These results suggest that DNA barcoding is an effective approach to identify Trigonostigma species for use in the conservation and management of fisheries. 相似文献
18.
基于93个形态形状,采用13个被子植物基部类群做为外类群,对49个单子叶植物科级分类阶元进行了分支系统学分析。经过简约性分析,得到了1684棵同等最大简约分支树。严格一致树的分支结构图表明：1）古草本类植物和单子叶植物是姐妹群关系;2）具有网状脉的类群,薯蓣科,菝葜科,百部科是单子叶植物的最基部类群。由于性状状态间存在着较多的平行和逆转进化,这在一定程度上影响了系统发育重建的准确性;所选择的性状状态之间的演化很可能是平行的、多次的或者是特化的状态,因此这样复杂的演化关系的探索关键在于找到一些能确切反映其系统演化关系的形态性状。目前很难通过简约化的形态分支分析来解开整个单子叶植物的起源和演化之谜。为了避开对系统学分析造成干扰的误导性状,形态数据结合DNA序列分析很可能是必需的。 相似文献