西双版纳地区的陆生等足类(甲壳亚门:等足目:潮虫亚目)

本文记述西双版纳地区陆生等足类１７种,包括７新种。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。种类名录如下。喜阴虫科Ｐｈｉｌｏｓｃｉｄａｅ 叶肢缅甸虫Ｂｕｒｍｏｎｉｓｃｕｓ ｌｏｂａｔｕｓ Ｋｗｏｎ ＆ Ｔａｉｔｉ,１９９３,勐仑缅甸虫,新种Ｂｕｒｍｏｎｉｓｃｕｓ ｍｅｎｇｌｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,版纳缅甸虫,新种Ｂｕｒｍｏｎｉｓｃｕｓ ｂａｎｎｉｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,易武缅甸虫,新种Ｂｕｒ     

Redescriptions of species of Tetrarhynchobothrium Diesing, 1850 and Didymorhynchus Beveridge & Campbell, 1988 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha), with the description of Zygorhynchus borneensis n. sp

Tetrarhynchobothrium tenuicolle Diesing, 1850 is redescribed from the type-specimens collected from Raja clavata Linnaeus in the Adriatic Sea. T. striatum (Wagener, 1854) is redescribed from voucher specimens from the type host, Myliobatis aquila Linnaeus, from the type-locality, off Naples, Italy. The two species are very similar in tentacular armature, but are provisionally maintained as independent species, since the armature of T. tenuicolle cannot be fully described and because all available specimens of T. striatum are immature, limiting comparisons of potential differences in segment anatomy. T. setiense Dollfus, 1969 is treated as a synonym of T. striatum. Zygorhynchus borneensis n. sp. is described from Himantura uarnacoides (Bleeker) and H. pastinacoides (Bleeker) off Sabah, Malaysia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the very small hooks present in the basal region and by the presence of a uterine pore. The metabasal tentacular armature of Didymorhynchus southwelli Beveridge & Campbell, 1988, described for the first time, is homeoacanthous and homeomorphous in form. However, it has a basal swelling with hook rows originating on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface of the tentacle.     

Australiformis semoni (Linstow, 1898) n. gen., n. comb. (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from marsupials of Australia and New Guinea

Australiformis n. gen. is erected for Echinorhynchus (Gigantorhynchus) semoni Linstow, 1898, from Australian and New Guinea marsupials. The new genus differs from Moniliformis and Promoniliformis in lacking spiral muscles in the outer wall of the proboscis receptacle. Linstow's species, E. semoni, is redescribed from abundant material from Peramelidae and Dasyuridae from Australia and New Guinea.     

中国青藓科研究资料(III)

研究了青藓科的7种1变种（Brachythecium planiusculum,Eurhynchium coarctum,E.serricuspis,Rhynchostegium leptomitophyllum,R.longirameum,R.pallenticaule,R.subspeciosum和R.subspeciosum var.filiforme）的模式标本。提出了3个新组合（E urhynchium longirameum,E.filiforme,Bryhnia serricuspis）,     

Massaliatrema misgurni n. sp. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) whose metacercariae encyst in loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

Hitherto unknown metacercariae were found encysted in loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) from China. They were experimentally fed to golden hamsters, and gravid adults were recovered 1 week post-infection from their small intestines. A new species, Massaliatrema misgurni n. sp. (Heterophyidae), is described from the adults. This new species is different from M. gyrinicola Dollfus and Timon-David, 1960, in having a smaller acetabulum/oral sucker ratio, less branched vitellaria widely entering the intercecal anteroacetabular area and an almost median seminal receptacle; and from M. yamashitai Kamiya and Ohbayashi, 1975, in having a larger acetabulum/oral sucker ratio, with the seminal vesicle situated in the uterine loop and the vitellaria entering the intercecal anteroacetabular area. This report is the first record of M. anguillicaudatus as a second intermediate host of the genus Massaliatrema Dollfus and Timon-David, 1960.     

New myrmicine ant genera from the Oriental Region Hymenoptera: Formicidae

Abstract. Four new myrmicine ant genera are described from the Oriental Region. Vombisidris gen.n. (twelve species) is predominantly an arboreal genus that ranges from India to Queensland, with the majority of species in Malaysia and Indonesia. Rotastruma gen.n. (two species) is known from China, Singapore, and East Malaysia and is also arboreal. Tetheamyrma gen.n. is monotypic and known only from a single leaf litter sample from East Malaysia. The three species of Kartidris gen.n. are terrestrial and have been found in mountainous areas in southern China. Thailand and India.     

Molecular systematics of the digenean community parasitising the cerithiid gastropod Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kusage on the Great Barrier Reef

A rich fauna of digenetic trematodes has been documented from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), yet little is known of the complex life-cycles of these parasites which occur in this diverse marine ecosystem. At Heron Island, a small coral cay at the southern end of the GBR, the intertidal marine gastropod Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kusage (Cerithiidae) is especially abundant. This gastropod serves as an intermediate host for 12 trematode species utilising both fish and avian definitive hosts. However, 11 of these species have been characterised solely with morphological data. Between 2015 and 2018 we collected 4870C. batillariaeformis from Heron Island to recollect these species with the goal of using molecular data to resolve their phylogenetic placement. We found eight of the 12 previously known species and two new forms, bringing the total number of digenean species known to parasitise C. batillariaeformis to 14. The families of this trematode community now include the Atractotrematidae Yamaguti, 1939, Bivesiculidae Yamaguti, 1934, Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898, Hemiuridae Looss, 1899, Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909, Himasthlidae Odhner, 1910, Microphallidae Ward, 1901, and Renicolidae Dollfus, 1939. Molecular data (ITS and 28S rDNA) were generated for all trematode species, and the phylogenetic position of each species was determined. The digenean community parasitising C. batillariaeformis includes several common species, as well as multiple species which are uncommon to rare. Although most of those trematodes in the community which exploit fishes as definitive hosts have remained common, the composition of those which utilise birds appears to have shifted over time.     

Palaearctic species of the genus Confluaria Ablasov (Cestoda,Hymenolepididae): redescriptions of C. multistriata (Rudolphi, 1810) and C. japonica (Yamaguti, 1935), and a description of Confluaria sp.

Confluaria multistriata (Rudolphi, 1810) is redescribed on the basis of specimens from Tachybaptus ruficollis from the material of Rudolphi and Dollfus and new specimens from the same host species from Bulgaria. The types of C. japonica (Yamaguti, 1935) from T. ruficollis are also redescribed and figured. A single specimen from the collection of Krabbe, described as Taenia multistriata, is re-examined and recognised as belonging to a different species of Confluaria, the status of which remains to be established. Criteria for distinguishing the three species are proposed. In view of the present results, some of the previous records of C. multistriata and C. japonica are re-evaluated. The synonymy of the genera Colymbilepis Spasskaya, 1966 and Confluaria Ablasov in Spasskaya, 1966 is confirmed.     

Taxonomic reports of Homeacanthoidea (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in Lamnid and Sphyrnid elasmobranchs collected off the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Elasmobranch specimens of lamnid and sphyrnid captured in 1999 in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were parasitized with homeacanthoid trypanorhynch cestodes: Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 with Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817) Dollfus, 1929; Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) with Heteronybelinia rougetcampanae (Dollfus, 1960) Palm, 1999. New details of internal morphology and/or scolex and/or proglottid surface ultrastructure are given. Adults of N. lingualis are reported for the first time in the Brazilian coast.     

Empruthotrema stenophallus n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the nasal tissue of Dasyatis kuhlii (Dasyatidae) from Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Empruthotrema stenophallus n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from specimens from the nasal tissue of the blue-spotted maskray Dasyatis kuhlii (Muller and Henle, 1841) collected in shallow waters off Pulau Banggi and Pulau Mabul, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. This is the first monogenean species to be described from an elasmobranch collected from Sabah. E. stenophallus can be distinguished from the other 6 members of the genus by the morphology of the sclerotized male copulatory organ, which is narrow, short, and distally tapered. E. dasyatidis Whittington and Kearn, 1992, previously documented from the nasal tissue of several of elasmobranch species from Australia, is recorded from 8 host species distributed around Malaysian Borneo. These represent new host and locality records for this monocotylid. The difficulties in identifying species of Empruthotrema and the apparent lack of host specificity by some members of the genus are discussed.     

Distinct genetic lineages of Bactrocera caudata (Insecta: Tephritidae) revealed by COI and 16S DNA sequences

The fruit fly Bactrocera caudata is a pest species of economic importance in Asia. Its larvae feed on the flowers of Cucurbitaceae such as Cucurbita moschata. To-date it is distinguished from related species based on morphological characters. Specimens of B. caudata from Peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia (Bali and Lombok) were analysed using the partial DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes. Both gene sequences revealed that B. caudata from Peninsular Malaysia was distinctly different from B. caudata of Bali and Lombok, without common haplotype between them. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades, indicating distinct genetic lineage. The uncorrected 'p' distance for COI sequences between B. caudata of Malaysia-Thailand-China and B. caudata of Bali-Lombok was 5.65%, for 16S sequences from 2.76 to 2.99%, and for combined COI and 16S sequences 4.45 to 4.46%. The 'p' values are distinctly different from intraspecific 'p' distance (0-0.23%). Both the B. caudata lineages are distinctly separated from related species in the subgenus Zeugodacus - B. ascita, B. scutellata, B. ishigakiensis, B. diaphora, B. tau, B. cucurbitae, and B. depressa. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the B. caudata lineages are closely related to B. ascita sp. B, and form a clade with B. scutellata, B. ishigakiensis, B. diaphora and B. ascita sp. A. This study provides additional baseline for the phylogenetic relationships of Bactrocera fruit flies of the subgenus Zeugodacus. Both the COI and 16S genes could be useful markers for the molecular differentiation and phylogenetic analysis of tephritid fruit flies.     

中国寄生烟粉虱的三种恩角蚜小蜂28S rRNA系统发育分析(英文)

蚜小蜂Bemisia tabaci是烟粉虱的重要天敌, 其中双斑恩蚜小蜂Encarsia bimaculata, 丽蚜小蜂E. formosa以及浅黄恩蚜小蜂E. sophia是国内烟粉虱寄生蜂3个优势种。本研究以采自中国华南、 华东、 华北、 西南地区以及马来西亚、 埃及的E. bimaculata、 E. formosa和E. sophia 3个优势种的8个不同地理种群为研究对象, 对其28S rRNA D2和D3扩展区序列进行了测定和分析。结果表明： Encarsia属的恩蚜小蜂其28S rRNA D2和D3序列在种间水平上高度保守; 与丽蚜小蜂相比, 双斑蚜小蜂与浅黄恩蚜小蜂在遗传关系上更为接近。依据28S rRNA和D2序列的系统发育分析结果显示, 同一种的蚜小蜂其种内也存在一定的遗传分化, 比如中国广东的浅黄恩蚜小蜂种群与澳大利亚、 西班牙、 埃及和埃塞俄比亚的浅黄恩蚜小蜂种群接近, 而与泰国的种群的亲缘关系则较远。在系统发育树上, 来自不同国家的（苏丹、 埃及和危地马拉以及澳大利亚）的双斑蚜小蜂种群聚集在同一分支上; 同时, 来自中国衡水和昆明的丽蚜小蜂种群也与来自美国的丽蚜小蜂种群聚集在一起, 却与埃及的种群相距较远。对造成这种同种寄生蜂不同种群之间在遗传距离和地理距离不对称的原因进行了探讨。     

Three new genera of Braconini from Australasia and Malaysia (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae)

Ancilibracon gen.n. (type species: Ancilinracon townesi sp.n.). Ancilibracon bakeri sp.n., Gelasinibracon gen.n. (type species: Gelasinibracon sedlaceki sp.n.), Gelasinibracon simplicicaudatus sp.n., Esengoides gen.n. (type species: Esengoides crentdatus sp.n.) and Esengoides fulvus sp.n. are each described and illustrated. Ancilibracon towensi is from Malaysia. A. bakeri is from Borneo, both Gelasinibracon species are from Guinéa, E. crenulatus is from the solomon Islands and E. fulvus is from Australia. These three new genera belong to the Plesiobrscon Cameron group of the Braconina. Their relationship are discussed.     

Some trypanorhynch cestodes from Hawaiian fishes, with descriptions of four new species.

Examination of teleost and elasmobranch fishes for cestodes from the Pacific Ocean off the Hawaiian Islands resulted in the recovery of 7 species of trypanorhynchs, 4 of which are new. The new species are Pseudogrillotia basipunctata, Pterobothrium hawaiiensis, Prochristianella micracantha, and Nybelinia basimegacantha. Tentacularia coryphaena Bosc 1797, Dasyrhynchus giganteus (Diesing 1859), and Parachristianella monomegacantha Kruse 1959 represent new host and distribution records. The family Pseudogrillotidae Dollfus 1969 is emended.