共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Women who have experienced interpersonal violence (IPV) are at a higher risk to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and impaired social behavior. Previously, we had reported impaired maternal sensitivity and increased difficulty in identifying emotions (i.e. alexithymia) among IPV-PTSD mothers. One of the aims of the present study was to examine maternal IPV-PTSD salivary cortisol levels diurnally and reactive to their child's distress in relation to maternal alexithymia. Given that mother-child interaction during infancy and early childhood has important long-term consequences on the stress response system, toddlers' cortisol levels were assessed during the day and in response to a laboratory stressor. Mothers collected their own and their 12–48 month-old toddlers' salivary samples at home three times: 30 min after waking up, between 2–3 pm and at bedtime. Moreover, mother-child dyads participated in a 120-min laboratory session, consisting of 3 phases: baseline, stress situation (involving mother-child separation and exposure to novelty) and a 60-min regulation phase. Compared to non-PTSD controls, IPV-PTSD mothers — but not their toddlers, had lower morning cortisol and higher bedtime cortisol levels. As expected, IPV-PTSD mothers and their children showed blunted cortisol reactivity to the laboratory stressor. Maternal cortisol levels were negatively correlated to difficulty in identifying emotions. Our data highlights PTSD-IPV-related alterations in the HPA system and its relevance to maternal behavior. Toddlers of IPV-PTSD mothers also showed an altered pattern of cortisol reactivity to stress that potentially may predispose them to later psychological disorders. 相似文献
2.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of behaviors including arousal, motor function, feeding, and reproduction. Because depressed patients are often hypercortisolemic and intracerebroventricular administration of CRH to experimental animals produces a syndrome reminiscent of depression, dysregulation of this compound has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of depressive and anxiety disorders. Studies of cerebrospinal fluid CRH levels and clinical neuroendocrine tests in patients with anxiety and affective disorders have supported this hypothesis. This review discusses these neuroendocrine findings in melancholic and atypical depression as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Overall, the data suggest that melancholic depression is characterized by hyperactive central CRH systems with overactivity of the pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. On the other hand, atypical depression is characterized by hypoactive central CRH systems and accompanying underactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, the neuroendocrinology of PTSD appears to be unique, in that patients have hyperactive central CRH systems with underactivity of the pituitary-adrenal axis. 相似文献
3.
4.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with significant impairment in many life activities and may thus increase the risk of chronic stress in everyday life. We compared adults with a DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis (n = 28) with healthy controls (n = 28) regarding subjective stress and amounts of stressors in everyday life, diurnal salivary cortisol in the everyday environment and salivary cortisol before and after cognitive stress in a laboratory setting. The association between cortisol concentrations and impulsivity was also investigated. Consistent with assumptions, individuals with ADHD reported significantly more self-perceived stress than controls, and subjective stress correlated with the amount of stressors in everyday life. The two groups were comparable with respect to overall diurnal cortisol levels and rhythm, as well as in pre- and post-stress cortisol concentrations. Post-stress cortisol (but not baseline cortisol) concentration was positively correlated with impulsivity. The group with high post-stress cortisol also reported more symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as self-perceived stress and stressors in every-day life. The diagnosis of ADHD significantly increased the risk of belonging to the group with high post-stress cortisol levels. The results in this study warrant a focus not only on the primary diagnosis of ADHD, but also calls for a broader assessment of stressors and subjective stress in everyday life, as well as support comprising stress management and coping skills. 相似文献
5.
6.
The mechanical properties of bone from a pregnant axis deer, her full-term foetus, three young children, and an adult man, were compared. The properties of the bone of the foetal deer were more similar to those of the man than to those of the children, and corresponded to the high degree of mineralization of the foetal bone. These properties accord with the different habits and selective pressures acting on children, and on neonatal deer. 相似文献
7.
The hippocampus (HC) is necessary for learning and memory, but it also plays a role in other behaviors such as those related to stress and anxiety. In support of the latter idea, we show here that bilateral HC damage abolishes the cortisol response to psychosocial stress. We collected salivary cortisol, heart rate, and affective responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) from 7 participants with bilateral HC lesions, 12 participants with damage outside the HC, and 28 healthy normal comparison participants matched to the HC participants on age and sex. HC participants showed elevated pre-stress cortisol, but no cortisol response to the TSST. Heart rate and affective responses in the HC group were similar to those of the comparison groups. Participants with brain damage outside the HC showed stress responses that were comparable to those of the healthy comparison group. These findings support the idea that the functions of the human HC extend beyond learning and memory, and suggest that the HC is necessary for producing the cortisol response to psychosocial stress. 相似文献
8.
Silexan, a novel lavender oil preparation for oral use, has been authorized in Germany for the treatment of states of restlessness during anxious mood. An open-label, exploratory trial was performed to assess the potential of the medicinal product in the treatment of restlessness caused by anxiety as related to several disorders. Outcome measures included the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), von Zerssen's Depression Scale (D-S), the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), and a sleep diary. 50 male and female patients with neurasthenia (ICD-10 F48.0), post-traumatic stress disorder (PSD; F43.1), or somatization disorder (F45.0, F45.1) were included to receive 1 × 80 mg/day Silexan over 6 weeks; 47 could be analyzed for efficacy as full analysis set. At baseline, patients suffered from restlessness (96%), depressed mood (98%), sleep disturbances (92%), or anxiety (72%). Of those, resp. 62%, resp. 57%, resp.51%, resp. 62% showed improvements during treatment (p < 0.001). For all patients, mean D-S score decreased by 32.7% and SCL-90-R Global Severity Index by 36.4% as compared to baseline, (p < 0.001), while the SF-36 Mental Health Score increased by 48.2% (p < 0.001). Waking-up frequency (p = 0.002), Waking-up duration (p < 0.001) and morning tiredness (p = 0.005) were reduced, while efficiency of sleep (p = 0.018) and mood (p = 0.03) improved. Patients suffering from neurasthenia or PSD showed comparable improvements with most outcomes. The results in this trial justify to further investigate Silexan in disorders with accompanying restlessness caused by sub-threshold anxiety. Adverse reactions, predominantly gastrointestinal complaints, were judged as mild or moderate. 相似文献
9.
Pagoto SL Schneider KL Bodenlos JS Appelhans BM Whited MC Ma Y Lemon SC 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2012,20(1):200-205
Recent studies suggest a possible link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obesity risk, which would have implications for the development of obesity-related diseases in this population. The present study examined the association between PTSD and obesity and whether this association differed by sex in a representative sample of the US population. A secondary objective was to determine whether the association between PTSD and obesity was mediated by binge eating disorder (BED). Data were from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), which comprises three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys that were conducted between 2001 and 2003. Logistic regression analyses weighted to represent the general US adult population were performed. In the total sample of 20,013 participants, rates of obesity were 24.1% for persons without a lifetime history of PTSD and 32.6% among persons with PTSD in the past year. Adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, depression, substance and alcohol abuse/dependence, and psychotropic medication status, past year PTSD was associated with greater likelihood of obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18, 1.95), with no differences by gender. BED did not statistically mediate the relationship between PTSD and obesity. The present study provides support for a link between PTSD and obesity. Findings further existing literature by indicating that the association is consistent across sexes and is not statistically mediated by BED. 相似文献
10.
11.
In order to further explore the utility of saliva cortisol as an accurate measure of adrenal steroid production, dexamethasone (DEX) and saline were administered intravenously at 0800h to eight normal male volunteers in a randomized design, and the effects on serum and saliva cortisol concentrations were measured at hourly intervals from 0800h-2300h. Saliva cortisol values were highly correlated to serum cortisol levels within-subjects under both conditions (r = 0.78, p less than 0.025), however correlations were reduced in the DEX day sample pairs. Across-subject correlations at each time point were considerably more variable, reflecting interindividual differences in the saliva to serum cortisol ratios. No consistent time lag of saliva cortisol values in response to serum cortisol fluctuations was observed. These data suggest that saliva cortisol is an excellent index of changes in adrenal production of cortisol over time within individuals; however, it also suggests that salivary cortisol measures have less usefulness in comparing values across groups of individuals. 相似文献
12.
Plasma levels of cortisone, a steroid hormone of potential physiological significance in fish, have rarely been measured. This study examines the interrelationship between circulating levels of cortisone and the major teleost corticosteroid, cortisol, in the blood of two strains of rainbow trout subject to confinement stress, a condition know to stimulate corticosteroidogenic activity. In unstressed fish from both strains, mean plasma cortisol levels were within the range 0.4–7.5 ng ml−1 . Mean plasma cortisone levels were within the range 7.1–15.9 ng ml−1 . Plasma cortisol levels were elevated within 5 min of the onset of strees and reached peak values within 45 min, although there was a marked difference betweed the maxima observed in the two strains (strain 1:70 ng ml−1 ; strain 2:150 ng ml−1 ). The rate of increase of plasma cortisone levels during strees was more rapid than that of cortisol, maximum values (strain 1:100ng ml−1 ; strain 2:160 ng ml−1 ) being reached within 10 to 20 min of the onset of stress. This rapid stress-induced elevation of plasme cortisone has not previously been reported in fish. We suggest that rapid conversion of cortisol to cortisone during the initial response to stress accounts for the appearance of large amounts of cortisone in the blood, indicating that circulating for the appearance of large amounts of cortisone in the blood, indicating that circulating levels of cortisol alone do not fully reflect the secretory activity of the interregnal during the initial of cortisol alone do not fully the secretory activity of the interregnal during the initial phase of the stress response. The results also indicate that the rate of clearance of cortisone from the circulation may be a major factor in determining stress-stimulated levels of plasma cortisol. 相似文献
13.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complicated CNS syndrome. Looking beyond the CNS, recent studies suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cells could cause and/or exacerbate PTSD. This review summarizes the literature, describes associations between circulating peripheral blood cells and PTSD, proposes a novel mechanism, and analyzes several biomarkers that appear to associate with PTSD symptoms. Several experimental animal models have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cell activity can cause hippocampal volume loss and PTSD-like symptoms. Data from these models suggest that a traumatic event and/or traumatic events can trigger peripheral cells to migrate, mediate inflammation, and decrease neurogenesis, potentially leading to CNS volume loss. Biomarkers that associate with PTSD symptoms have the potential to differentiate PTSD from traumatic brain injury, but more work needs to be done. Research examining the mechanism of how traumatic events are linked to peripheral blood mononuclear cell functions and biomarkers may offer improved diagnoses and treatments for PTSD patients. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
BACKGROUND: it has been reported that psychological stress in humans is associated with a derangement of biological homeostasis. This pilot study aimed to examine the inflammatory response to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) through measurements of the serum levels of the receptor to interleukin 6 (sIL-6r) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in relation to measures of psychological disturbance. METHODS: 15 patients with established PTSD and eight control patients with musculoskeletal injuries were studied at least three months after their index trauma. All completed revised impact of events scale (RIES), Davidson's trauma scale (DTS) and the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and gave blood samples that were assayed for CRP and sIL-6r. Statistical analysis was by the Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS: positive relationships were found between sIL-6r and the RIES intrusion score (P=0.026), and between CRP and DTS intrusion scores (P=0.016), GHQ depression (P=0.028), and RIES intrusion (P=0.044) in the case group. DISCUSSION: we have demonstrated a relationship between post-traumatic psychological and biological disturbance, which provides the basis for further research on the effects of psychological disturbance on physical recovery after injury. 相似文献