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2005年调查若尔盖湿地的高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)和岷山蟾蜍(Bufo minshanicus)的日活动节律,发现阳光充足时两栖类的活动性明显高于多云天气;高原林蛙成体、亚成体、岷山蟾蜍亚成体活动的最低气温为0℃、2℃、8℃;高原林蛙亚成体日活动高峰为中午12:30左右,岷山蟾蜍亚成体日活动高峰为下午15:30左右;高原林蛙亚成体在草地、林地、河边均有一定数量个体活动,岷山蟾蜍亚成体主要集中在河边活动。在若尔盖地区,两栖类可能主要是采用晒太阳(basking)的行为来适应高海拔环境;高原林蛙成体对温度的耐受性比亚成体高,亚成体比岷山蟾蜍亚成体高;高原林蛙与岷山蟾蜍的亚成体在活动时间与活动生境上存在差异,可能是减少种间竞争的途径之一。 相似文献
2.
若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区地处青藏高原东缘,该地区分布有3种两栖类:高原林蛙(Ranakukunoris)、倭蛙(Naroranapleskei)和岷山蟾蜍(Bufominshanica),均为青藏高原特有种。研究在保护区内设定了16个50m×50m的样地(每个样格分为25个10m×10m样格),对每个样格中3种两栖类及环境因子进行了调查。根据3种两栖类分布点距离水体的最远距离初步确定若尔盖保护区高原林蛙(Ranakukunoris)、倭蛙(Naroranapleskei)和岷山蟾蜍(Bufominshanica)的陆地核心生境半径分别为:1000m、55m和580m。由于过大的陆地核心生境在实际保护工作中存在操作上的困难,因此本文提出最小陆地核心生境的概念:在某一季节,不同性别和生活史阶段的某种动物的90%个体完成该季节正常生命活动所通过或者利用的陆地。由此概念,根据高原林蛙90%的雌体、雄体和幼体分布确定其最小陆地核心生境半径为51m。最后通过最优化理论对高原林蛙和岷山蟾蜍分布格局与水体距离、草本层盖度、两栖类密度之间的作用机制进行了探讨,并指出陆地核心生境的范围与其所在生境景观及本种和其他动物种群状况有密切关系。 相似文献
3.
影响无尾两栖类活动的因素很多,水体是最主要的因素之一。本研究采用样线法,分别于2006年7月和9月下旬对若尔盖季节性水塘周边高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)的活动特征进行了研究。样线宽2m,长70-150m,采用十字交叉法,基本按照东、南、西、北、东北、西北、东南、西南方向设置8条样线。结果表明:夏季高原林蛙主要在水塘周边活动,高原林蛙遇见率与水塘距离呈显著负相关(Pearson,成体:r=?0.479,P<0.05;亚成体:r=?0.480,P<0.05);90%的高原林蛙个体在距离水塘110m范围内活动,亚成体比成体更接近水体活动,远离水塘的成体选择泉眼和草沓草地活动。秋季高原林蛙的活动与水塘距离无显著相关性(Pearson,r=?0.016,P>0.05),水塘周边高原林蛙的遇见率很低,远离水塘的高原林蛙偏向选择泉眼活动。 相似文献
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若尔盖湿地黑颈鹤生境适宜性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
明确稀有或濒危物种的地理分布是生物多样性保护的重要环节。黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)是高寒湿地的旗舰物种,属国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物。基于黑颈鹤分布点数据和生态环境数据,利用分类与回归树(classification and regression tree,CART)、树网梯度(treenet gradient boosting,TG)、随机森林(random forest,RF)、最大熵(maximum entropy,ME)模型预测黑颈鹤适宜分布区。结果表明:(1)限制黑颈鹤地理分布的主要环境因子是海拔和秋季迁离期降水、气温,贡献率分别为9.7%、8.9%、7.3%;黑颈鹤适宜生境为海拔3000~3950 m、秋季迁离期月均温-1.2~0.2℃、月降水量28~32 mm的地区。(2)综合AUC(area under curve)、TSS (true skill statistics)、Kappa系数3个检验模型精度的评价指标,随机森林模型预测结果与区域已知黑颈鹤存在点匹配程度最高(AUC=0.889、TSS=0.897、Kappa=0.613)。(3)黑颈鹤适宜分布区... 相似文献
5.
实验室条件下,通过活动性水平,变态时的体重、增长率和完成变态所需时间考察同水塘分布的中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)和高原林蛙蝌蚪(Rana kukunoris)的竞争策略。实验按照2×3因子设计,即:食物资源2个水平(高、低),组合方式3个水平(10只中华蟾蜍蝌蚪,记为B组;5只中华蟾蜍蝌蚪和5只高原林蛙蝌蚪,记为BR组;10只高原林蛙蝌蚪,记为R组)。中华蟾蜍蝌蚪的活动性在食物水平低时显著低于食物水平高时,而高原林蛙蝌蚪的活动性在不同食物水平下无显著差异;食物水平低时,混合组的高原林蛙蝌蚪变态时体重和体重增长率都显著高于R组,而混合组中华蟾蜍蝌蚪与B组相比无显著差异;在不同处理组中,食物水平低时混合组中华蟾蜍蝌蚪幼体期最短。这些结果表明:中华蟾蜍蝌蚪在不同食物资源条件下所选择的生存策略可能不同,即食物资源充足时,增加活动性获取更多食物;食物资源有限时,降低活动性且提前完成变态;与中华蟾蜍蝌蚪相比,在食物资源有限时高原林蛙蝌蚪获取食物能力更强。 相似文献
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7.
若尔盖高原湿地生态系统服务价值动态 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
基于1975、2006年若尔盖高原湿地的卫星遥感资料,应用生态系统服务价值评价方法,对1975—2006年间若尔盖高原湿地生态系统的物质产品生产价值、气体调节价值和蓄水价值动态进行了研究.结果表明:研究期间,若尔盖高原湿地生态系统三项服务价值总和由195.90亿元降至123.85亿元,其中,物质产品价值增加了3.02亿元,而气体调节和蓄水价值共减少了75.07亿元.研究区由物质产品增加带来的收益远小于由生态退化造成的损失;过度的放牧行为致使若尔盖高原湿地生物量减少、土壤结构变化,造成生态系统总服务价值和服务水平下降. 相似文献
8.
我们于2006年7月对分布于青藏高原东部若尔盖高寒湿地的7只高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)进行了追踪研究。Monte-Carlo模拟表明:在研究期内高原林蛙的运动是随机的,还没有开始迁移。高原林蛙的平均运动距离为7.1m,雌雄运动距离没有差异。95%和50%Kernel家域分别为796.2m2±704.0m2和119.9m2±94.6m2,MCP家域为157.9m2±119.5m2。雌雄高原林蛙生境选择存在差异,雄性倾向于在洞穴较多的生境中运动和隐蔽,而雌性倾向于在草丛中运动和藏匿;早晨高原林蛙选择地面温度较高、相对湿度较大的微生境活动,雌雄活动点的空气温度、相对湿度和植被高度没有显著差异。追踪个体的微生境利用表明:高原林蛙和哺乳类洞穴具有很强的相关性。 相似文献
9.
《四川动物》2013,(5)
于2012年59月,对四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区的黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis数量及分布进行了调查。共记录到287只黑颈鹤,其中5月70只,包括繁殖鹤群18对36只(占51.4%),3只以上的非繁殖鹤群3群27只(群体大小分别是4只、8只和15只),占38.6%,单只鹤7只(占10.0%)。7月份观察记录到黑颈鹤121只,繁殖鹤群有41对82只,占观察数量97只(除幼鹤外)的84.5%,单只鹤群3只,占3.1%,3只以上的非繁殖鹤群1群,12只,占12.4%,其余为幼鹤24只。9月份共观察记录96只(其中14只幼鹤),繁殖鹤群有38对,76只,占观察数量82只(除幼鹤外)的92.7%,单只鹤1只,占1.2%,3只以上的非繁殖鹤群1群,由5只个体组成,占6.1%。与之前调查结果相比,本次调查到的黑颈鹤分布区范围没有大的变化。整体上看,保护区内黑颈鹤的主要繁殖栖息地在尧拉乔、纳勒乔、纳洛乔一带和热尔大坝的哈丘湖、措拉坚、花湖等湖泊及湖滨沼泽。建议在这两个区域设置固定样地进行长期监测,并且在保护区内限制放牧强度,核心区内严禁放牧,调节好草场的季节性利用,使湿地生态系统得以合理的恢复使用,从而保护黑颈鹤及其栖息地。 相似文献
10.
四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区兽类资源调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1997年7~8月和2006年10月,对若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区兽类资源进行了野外调查.结合历史文献确认保护区有兽类39种,东洋界种类10种,古北界26种,广布种3种;有国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护动物9种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种;有我国特有或主要分布于我国的特有兽类15种.总体上看,保护区兽类资源比较贫乏、种类少.大型兽类藏原羚、藏狐和鼬科动物常见;小型兽类黑唇鼠兔、鼢鼠等种群数量大,已对高寒湿地生态系统造成一定的危害,建议进行控制. 相似文献
11.
蒋珂;王剀;杨军校;金洁琼;邹大虎;颜芳;潘虎君;车静 《四川动物》2016,35(2):210-216
: 本文报道西藏两栖纲叉舌蛙科Dicroglossidae新纪录2种,即采于喜马拉雅山中段吉隆沟内的罗斯坦棘蛙Nanorana rostandi(Dubois, 1974)和西藏东部昌都地区江达县的倭蛙Nanorana pleskei Güther, 1896,前者是中国新纪录,后者是西藏自治区新纪录。首次描述了采自西藏东南部墨脱县的树蛙科缅甸树蛙Rhacophorus burmanus(Andersson, 1939)。 相似文献
12.
Summary The surface cover produced by aquatic macrophytes is the primary habitat for immature stages (eggs, larvae, and pupae) ofAnopheles mosquitoes. We hypothesized that both the abundance of immatureAnopheles and the recruitment ofAnopheles (from oviposition or larval movement) is positively related to the amount of surface cover present. Field sampling documented a positive correlation betweenAnopheles egg and larval abundance and the amount of vegetative cover present (measured as the number of emergent stems m-2) in monospecific beds ofMyriophyllum aquaticum in a California, USA, wetland. Experiments conducted to determine the influence ofMyriophyllum stem density on selection of oviposition sites by adultAnopheles females clearly indicate that oviposition rate (eggs m-2 d-1) increases as stem density increases from 0 to 1000 stems m-2 but decreases as stem density approaches 2000 stems m-2. In selecting microhabitats,Anopheles larvae preferred patches with high stem densities over patches with few or no plant stems; this preference correlates with differences in habitat quality (e.g., increased refuge from predation and enriched food sources). The optimal habitat for anopheline mosquitoes apparently occurs above a threshold plant density of approximately 500Myriophyllum stems m-2. Habitat heterogeneity produced by variability in the distribution and structure of aquatic vegetation strongly influences the local distribution and abundance of anopheline mosquitoes. 相似文献
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高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)是青藏高原特有的两栖类动物,已适应青藏高原高海拔低温、缺氧、强紫外线的自然环境。采用石蜡切片技术和H.E染色及扫描电镜技术对青藏高原东北部地区高原林蛙头部、背部、腹部、侧部皮肤结构进行观察。高原林蛙各部位皮肤均由表皮和真皮组成,表皮是角质化的复层扁平上皮,不同部位表皮层厚度接近,真皮层厚度不同,头部真皮层的厚度最厚,为(197.86±29.73)μm,侧部最薄,为(55.33±5.22)μm。高原林蛙真皮疏松层中分布有颗粒腺、黏液腺和嗜酸腺。颗粒腺主要分布于头背部;黏液腺在头部数目最多,侧部最少;嗜酸腺在机体各部位均匀分布。高原林蛙头部、背部、侧部色素细胞含量丰富,腹部色素细胞含量较少。毛细血管分布于真皮疏松层腺体周围,表皮中也有少量分布。这些结构特征可能是高原林蛙对青藏高原环境的适应策略。 相似文献
14.
We developed 22 microsatellite markers for the Chinese wood frog (Rana chensinensis) to study the impact of landscape features on its population structure. Thirty‐four individuals from one breeding site were examined and 14 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity varied from two to 14, from 0.0833 to 0.9118, and from 0.1376 to 0.8667, respectively. Cross‐species amplification was tested for 15 ranid frog species. The Plateau brown frog, Rana kukunoris (n = 23), was successfully amplified at 18 loci, and 15 were polymorphic with number of alleles varying from two to 18. Ten other species were also amplified at a limited number of loci. 相似文献
15.
Mariano Paracuellos 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2006,15(14):4569-4582
The factors regulating the distribution of dabbling and diving waterbirds were studied, taking into account habitat selection
by the species in a wetland complex of 26 ponds in south-eastern Spain. Such information can be used to management and conservation
of wetland threatened bird species. Direct counts and feeding-microhabitat surveys of waterbirds were conducted. The feeding-niche
width and the feeding-microhabitat use, as a function of the horizontal spatial gradient in the ponds, were related to the
mean size of ponds used for each species. While the more generalist birds, which usually feed close to the shore, probably
had available resources in small ponds, specialists that also frequently selected central zones of the pond had proportionally
more limited feeding space and, therefore, less resource availability in small ponds. The differences in habitat selection
of the different species appeared to encourage their hierarchical disappearance from the wetland complex at the same rate
as the ponds diminished in size (‘nested’ pattern). The results support the conservation, restoration or creation of, at least,
ponds of greater size in order to preserve extensive open-water zones in the wetlands and maintain the greatest number of
specialist, threatened, and area-dependent species, such as the globally endangered White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala). 相似文献
16.
Wetlands play an important role in regional development and environmental protection. Under the impact of natural and artificial factors, the plateau wetlands have degenerated and even disappeared, resulting in serious problems for society and the ecological environment. It is necessary to establish a reasonable risk assessment method to evaluate the risk of wetland degradation, and then to analyze changes in the range and features of risk. For this work, the Zogie Plateau wetland was selected as the study area. For this site, a wetland degradation risk assessment method was established based on the conceptual model of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). The method included nine indicators used to analyze the wetland hazard index, wetland vulnerability index, and wetland degradation risk synthetically. From the spatial-temporal pattern, the wetland degradation risk was analyzed using data from 2000 to 2014. The calculated results revealed the following: (1) from 2000 to 2014, the wetland hazard index (WHI) showed a trend of increase, the value of which increased from 0.29 to 0.42, with a growth rate of 44.83%. Similarly, the wetland vulnerability index (WVI) significantly increased from 0.30 to 0.54, with a growth rate of 80%. Over the same time, the total wetland area decreased from 3910.25 km2 to 2777.38 km2, a reduction of 28.97%. (2) Using the equidistant method, the risk value was divided into three risk grades. The wetland degradation risk in the whole region is increasing, and the risk rank has changed from the low risk zone (0.092) to the medium risk zone (0.25). The degradation risk becomes greater with distance from the center to fringe areas. 相似文献