辽宁省蜱类的生态地理分布

辽宁省已知的蜱类共13种, 分属于2科6属.本文依据不同地理景观区内蜱的种类与数量, 并结合其不同生境类型, 对蜱类的生态地理分布问题作了讨论.四个地理景观区内蜱种类与数量情况如下:(1)黄土丘陵台地干草原与西辽河风沙草原区:黄土丘陵台地干草原区蜱种类少, 但数量多.草原血蜱为优势种, 草原硬蜱数量较少.西辽河沙地草原区有草原血蜱、草原革蜱、草原硬蜱, 前两种均为优势种.(2)辽西山地疏林灌从区:本区有森林革蜱、长角血蜱、全沟硬蜱及日本锐缘蜱, 前两种为优势种.(3)辽东山地森林及林缘草地区:本区蜱种较多, 林区以日本血蜱、嗜群血蜱、全沟硬蜱为多见;林缘草地以长角血蜱、森林革蜱为优势种, 另外还有钝跗硬蜱、血红扇头蜱.(4)平原丘陵农区:木区蜱种虽然不少, 但分布局限, 数量小.有长角血蜱、草原血蜱、森林革蜱、微小牛蜱, 波斯锐缘蜱.     

中国硬蜱属记述(蜱螨亚纲:硬蜱科)

硬蜱属Ixodes自Latreille 1795年建立,至今已记录约250种,为硬蜱科中最大的一属。该属下分20亚属,其中以硬蜱亚属Ixodes(s.str.)种类最多,约占全属种类的1/3。硬蜱属的分布以非洲区、古北区和新北区的种类为多,澳大利亚区的种类较少,东洋区的种类亦不多,新热区的记录很少。     

蜱类系统学研究进展

本文介绍了近年来蜱的编目和分类及系统发育和演化等方面的研究进展。对软蜱科(Argasidae)说明了属的变动;硬蜱科(Ixodidae)介绍了璃眼蜱亚科(Hyalomminae)和凹沟蜱亚科(Bothriocrotoninae)以及相应变动的属(新建的凹沟蜱属Bothriocroton和须角蜱属Cornupalpatum,合并的牛蜱属Boophilus、暗眼蜱属Anocentor和盲花蜱属Aponomma)。根据新的分类变更对已知种类进行了分析。至2006年,世界已知蜱类有3科18属897种,中国有2科10属119种。阐明了有关蜱类系统发育研究的主要观点,并讨论了其不足和有待深入研究的问题。目前,把形态学和分子生物学数据结合在一起的全证据方法,并结合蜱类和不同宿主之间的关系、动物地理学、古生物学以及比较寄生虫学的资料,成为解决蜱类系统发育问题的有效途径。     

蜱类须肢感器的细微结构

用扫描电镜观察了1种软蜱和4属8种硬蜱的成虫以及血蜱属3种若虫的须肢感器的外部形态;同时用透射电镜观察了波斯锐缘蜱、中华革蜱和亚洲璃眼蜱3种成虫须肢感器的内部结构.结果表明,须肢感器的外部形态在硬蜱各属成虫之间存在着一定的差异,主要表现在感器形状、顶端感毛数目、类型及形态,基部感毛数目及形态等几个方面.同属各种间差异不大.血蜱属幼期和波斯锐缘蜱幼期之间也有一定的差异,主要表现在感器形状、顶端感毛数目以及基部感毛数目、形态和排列方式.须肢顶端感毛的内部结构在三种蜱中都可分为A、B两种类型.A型具两个腔:其一为圆形腔,内有树突;另一为新月形腔,无树突.靠近感毛顶端有通道通向外界.B型感毛在三种蜱中差异较大,其共同点是只具有一个含有树突的腔.     

中国锐缘蜱亚属小志——(蜱螨目:软蜱科:锐缘蜱属)

锐缘蜱亚属(subgenus Argas)是锐缘蜱属(genus Argas)中最大的一个亚属,现已记录约23种。我国曾记录翘缘锐缘蜱Arguas(A.)reflexus(Fabricius)(邓国藩,1978)和拟日锐缘蜱A.(A.)assimilis Teng et Song(邓国藩、宋杰益,1983)。作者详细检视以往收集的标本,发现锐缘蜱亚属共有四种,其中包括一个新种,我国以往记录的翘缘锐缘蜱系该新种或系普通锐缘蜱A.(A.)vulgaris Filippova的误订,分述于下:     

西氏硬蜱在我国的新纪录

硬蜱科中,硬蜱属(Ixodes)肩硬蜱亚属(Scaphixodes)的种类不少,全世界已记录10种;主要分布于古北区,占其中7种。1961年6月动物研究所从西藏亚东曾采到该亚属的标本,因只获雄蜱,种名未订。1979年7月河北省鼠疫防治所从西藏萨噶县(海拔4,700米)一只鹰(学名未详)上采到二只雌蜱,经鉴定为肩硬蜱亚属的西氏硬蜱Ixodes(Scaphixodes)semenovi Olenev,在我国系首次纪录。     

青海省重要医学昆虫区系分布

目的-调查了解青海省重要医学昆虫的种群组成与分布特征.方法-采用人帐诱、灯诱、挥网和动物体表检虫法采集医学昆虫;收集前人研究文献资料.结果-获得青海省医学昆虫237种,隶属14科62属,其中蚊科2属9种,蠓科2属19种,虻科5属23种,蚋科1属6种,白蛉科2属3种,蚤类6科37属143种,硬蜱科4属7种,恙螨科6属23种和列恙螨科2属4种.从已知医学昆虫237种看,属于青海省北部山地146种,柴达木盆地94种,青南高原96种和分布不详21种.结论-为青海省医学昆虫的区系分布研究提供了依据.     

野外游玩，警惕“发热伴”

<正>在一个风和日丽的日子,约上三五好友,在草地上搭起帐篷,小朋友在草地上追逐嬉戏,大人在帐篷边支起小桌品品茗、看看书,甚是悠闲。可是,在草丛、灌木丛等草木茂盛处却常常隐藏着一种小小的节肢动物——蜱。蜱,也叫草爬子,属于蛛形纲、寄螨目、蜱总科,又分为硬蜱、软蜱等。目前全世界已知的蜱虫有870多种,在我国也有100余种。成虫在躯体背面有壳质化的盾板,故称硬蜱,属硬蜱科;无盾板者,体表呈皮革质,故称软蜱,属软蜱科。     

安徽沿淮丘陵地带发现波斯锐缘蜱

波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)隶属蜱亚目(Ixodida)、蜱总科(Ixodoidea)、软蜱科(Argasidae)、锐缘蜱属(Argas)。安徽沿淮丘陵地带迄今尚未见报道。 我们自1994年5月至1995年7月,在淮南市与合肥市交界处的舜耕山北坡(淮南一侧),从事山地鼠巢螨类调查时。偶然发现并分批检获成蜱32只,幼蜱3只。经鉴定其表面结构,须肢后毛等形态特征典型。有     

安徽蜱类名录

蜱是蜱螨亚纲中一个专性寄生的类群．在虫媒疾病中,由蜱传播的病原件种类最多,不仅对人、畜疾病的传播作用大,在自然界还能起到贮存宿主的作用．1981年夏立照等初步报道安徽蜱类计2科,3属,5种,经过12年断续的野外工作,整理标本鉴定,安徽蜱类累计为2科,     

四斑巨螯蛛(Dyschiriognotha quadrimaculata)的核型分析

报道四斑巨螯蛛的染色体数目,形态特征和性染色体组成,结果表明:四斑巨螯蛛的染色体数目是:雌性2n=26;雄性2n=24,性别决定机制是X_1X_2O型,这种蜘蛛的染色体小,常规制片显示出自然带纹。     

Mapping of human lactate dehydrogenase-A, -B, and -C genes and their related sequences: the gene for LDHC is located with that for LDHA on chromosome 11

Human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase-C (LDHC) gene-related sequences are located with the LDHA gene on chromosome 11. The LDHB gene is on chromosome 12. Chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10 appear to contain LDHA gene-related sequences, whereas the X chromosome and chromosome 13 possess LDHB gene-related sequences.     

Nonrandom chromosome changes in methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced mouse T-cell lymphomas.

Since nonrandom chromosome changes in neoplastic cells have proven to be good indicators of the site of gene alterations related to transformation, the authors examined the chromosomes of T-cell lymphomas induced in RF/J strain mice with methylnitrosourea (MNU). All treated mice developed thymic lymphomas within 10 weeks of injection. Chromosomes of the thymus cells were examined at intervals before and during lymphoma development, as well as after they were passaged in syngeneic and in nude mice for periods up to 424 days. In preparations made directly from the thymus cells nonrandom numerical and structural alterations were found that involved the X, 3, 15, 4, 8, 12, 14 and 17. (Chromosomes showing alterations are listed in decreasing order of the frequency of their occurrence). In cells passaged in nude mice the chromosomes similarly altered were the 10, X, 3, 12, 6, 1, 4, 19, 15, 18 and 14. In tumor cells passaged in syngeneic mice most of the same chromosomes were involved but the order was 15, 14, X, 1, 5, 6, 3, 11 and 12. The X, 15, 14, 3 and 12 were aberrant in both direct preparations and in those from passaged cells, suggesting that these chromosomes carry genes which, when altered, are particularly important in the multistep process of neoplastic transformation. Most of these chromosomes, or their homologs in other species, have been found to be involved frequently in several different cancers of mice and men, as for example the region on the mouse 15 carrying the Myc and Pvt-1 genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

二十五种中国角蝉的染色体(英文)

本文记载了中国25种角蝉的染色体,研究表明染色体的数目、大小及其在减数分裂过程中的行为具有种或属一级的分类特征。该科昆虫染色体的数目变异在n＝5到12之间,众数为n＝11,另外,n＝10的类型也较为普遍。绝大多数种类的性别决定机制为XO型,仅个别种类具有新XY性染色体系统。     

四种牛首科吸虫染色体的观察

作者对四种牛首科吸早的染色体进行了观察和相对长度的测量。结果显示,假扇盘吸虫的染色体组型为ｎ＝４ｍ＋１ｓｔ＋２ｔ＝６,吴氏似牛首吸虫的染色体组型为ｎ＝４ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋１ｔ＝７,湖北似牛首吸虫的染色体组型为ｎ＝７ｍ＝７,范尼道 佛吸虫的染色体组型为ｎ＝６ｍ＋１ｓｍ＝７。其中,假扇盘吸虫、吴氏似牛首吸虫和湖北似牛首吸虫的染色体数目和组型为首次报道。     

Strain distribution pattern for SSLP markers in the SWXJ recombinant inbred strain set: Chromosomes 7 to X

The SWXJ recombinant inbred (RI) set was developed for genetic analysis of heritable ovarian tumors. In this report we present data for 223 simple sequence length polymorphisms spanning Chromosomes (Chrs) 7–X to complete the genetic marking of this RI set. The strain distribution patterns (SDP) for these loci were combined with data from 19 other polymorphic genes, resulting in densely marked maps for Chrs 7–X. Combined with the 165 loci for Chr 1–6 reported previously (Svenson et al., Mamm. Genome 6, 867, 1995), the SWXJ RI set represents a powerful tool for mapping genes in neoplastic as well as other heritable disorders. Received: 12 February 1996 / Accepted: 2 April 1996     

CHROMOSOMES IN TWENTY-FIVE SPECIES OF CHINESE MEM-BRACIDS (HOMOPTERA: MEMBRACIDAE)*

Abstract Chromosomes in 25 species of Membracidae are recorded. Numbers, size and behaviors of the chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis are used as specific or generic features for the taxonomy of this group. Chromosome numbers vary from n=5 to 12, and sex mechanism are of XO type except two species with neo-XY system. The histogram indicates that 2n=11 with XO sex mechanism is the modal chromosome number, and another type n=10 is also commonly found in this family.     

Testing chromosomal phylogenies and inversion breakpoint reuse in Drosophila

A combination of cytogenetic and bioinformatic procedures was used to test the chromosomal phylogeny relating Drosophila buzzatii with D. repleta. Chromosomes X and 2, harboring most of the inversions fixed between these two species, were analyzed. First, chromosomal segments conserved during the divergence of the two species were identified by comparative in situ hybridization to the D. repleta chromosomes of 180 BAC clones from a BAC-based physical map of the D. buzzatii genome. These conserved segments were precisely delimited with the aid of clones containing inversion breakpoints. Then GRIMM software was used to estimate the minimum number of rearrangements necessary to transform one genome into the other and identify all possible rearrangement scenarios. Finally, the most plausible inversion trajectory was tested by hybridizing 12 breakpoint-bearing BAC clones to the chromosomes of seven other species in the repleta group. The results show that chromosomes X and 2 of D. buzzatii and D. repleta differ by 12 paracentric inversions. Nine of them are fixed in chromosome 2 and entail two breakpoint reuses. Our results also show that the cytological relationship between D. repleta and D. mercatorum is closer than that between D. repleta and D. peninsularis, and we propose that the phylogenetic relationships in this lineage of the repleta group be reconsidered. We also estimated the rate of rearrangement between D. repleta and D. buzzatii and conclude that rates within the genus Drosophila vary substantially between lineages, even within a single species group.     

水貂的染色体研究

采用复制带、C带和硝酸银染色等分带技术研究了水貂的核型和带型。结果表明,2n=30,枝型为10（M）＋16（SM）＋2（A）,XX（M）。C-带显示该水貂的一些染色体的结构异染色质比较丰富,从着丝粒区域延伸到两臂上,No.5染色体着丝粒结构异染色质有些弱化;X染色体的结构异染色质较常染色体的丰富。Ag-NORs有3个,分布在No.8染色体的次缢痕区域和一条No.2染色体长臂接近着丝粒的区域。     

Polytene chromosome map and inversion polymorphism in Drosophila mediopunctata

Drosophila mediopunctata belongs to the tripunctata group, and is one of the commonest Drosophila species collected in some places in Brazil, especially in the winter. A standard map of the polytene chromosomes is presented. The breakpoints of the naturally occurring chromosomal rearrangements are marked on the map. The distribution of breaking points through the chromosomes of D. mediopunctata is apparently non-random. Chromosomes X, II and IV show inversion polymorphisms. Chromosome II is the most polymorphic, with 17 inversions, 8 inversions in the distal region and 9 in the proximal region. Chromosome X has four different gene arrangements, while chromosome IV has only two.