四川省贡嘎山齿突蟾属一新种描述(两栖纲:锄足蟾科)

１９８０和１９８４年在四川省贡嘎山西侧九龙县采到Ｓｃｕｔｉｇｅｒ（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｈｒｙｎｅ）标本１种,经与该属其他物种的形态学特征对比研究,表明九龙标本与Ｓｃｕｔｉｇｅｒ（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｈｒｙｎｅ）的其他物种均不相同,此外九龙标本与Ｓ．（Ａ．）ｍａｍｍａｔｕｓ,Ｓ．（Ａ．）ｇｌａｎｄｕｌａｔｕｓ,Ｓ．（Ａ．）ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｓ的肌肉蛋白聚丙烯酰胺薄层凝胶等电聚焦电泳的谱带也不相同,其结果与形态分类相吻合。因此确定九龙县的猫眼蟾为一个新种,即九龙猫眼蟾Ｓｃｕｔｉｇｅｒ（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｈｒｙｎｅ）ｊｉｕｌｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＦｅｉ,ＹｅａｎｄＪｉａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

四川省贡嗄山齿突蟾属一新种描述（两栖纲：锄足蟾科）

１９８０和１９８４年在四川省贡路山西侧九龙县采到Ｓｃｕｔｉｇｅｒ（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｈｒｙｎｅ）标本１种,经与该属其他物种的形态学特征对比研究,表明九龙标本与Ｓｃｕｔｉｇｅｒ（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｈｙｒｙｎｅ）的其他物种均不相同,此外九龙标本与Ｓ．ＩＡ．）ｍａｍｍａｔｕｓＳ．（Ａ．）ｇｌａｎｄｕｌａｔｕｓ．Ｓ．（Ａ）．ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｓ的肌肉蛋白聚丙烯酰胺薄层凝胶等电聚焦电泳的谱带也不相同,其结果与形     

青藏高原六种两栖动物皮肤结构多态性变体的地理分布

本文报道分布于我国四川西部高原地区6种两栖类皮肤表型结构多态性变体的存在,这些变体主要表现在“皮肤满布瘰疣或多瘰疣”,而与同种正常个体有明显区别。根据现有调查资料,我国的有尾目和无尾目的某些高原种类都存在这种性状的变体,已知6种,现将它们的地理分布及其数量列于表1。     

辽宁西部早白垩世一新的有尾两栖类

辽宁葫芦岛市九佛堂组发现一批有尾两栖类化石。经初步研究建立一新属种：钟健辽西ｉａｏｘｉｔｒｉｔｏｎ ｚｈｏｎｇｊｉａｎｉ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．辽西是东亚中生代有尾两栖类的首次发现,上中中新世中新原螈外有尾两栖类化石的唯一报道。它代表一类小型的较原始的有尾两栖类,其头骨特征犁骨齿列形态等与小鲵科的Ｂａｔｒａｃｈｕｐｅｒｕｓ比较相似,辽西深入研究将对有尾两栖类的起源、早期演化,及其地理迁徒提供     

中国弧蚤蝇属分类研究（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

本文首次较系统地报道了中国弧蚤蝇属ＳｔｉｃｈｉｌｌｕｓＥｎｄｅｒｌｅｉｎ种类,共描述蚤蝇７种,其中包括５新种,毛尾弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｐｏｌｙｃｈａｅｔｏｕｓ,尖突弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ａｃｕｍｉｎａｔｕｓ,疣尾弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｕｓ,刺鞘弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｓ和圆尾弧蚤蝇,Ｓ．ｏｒｂｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ和１个中国新记录种,日本弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ（Ｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａ）文中应用了雄外生殖器特征,编制     

中国珠足甲螨属一新种及珠足甲螨属和孔珠足甲螨属的新纪录（蜱螨亚纲：甲螨亚目：珠甲螨科）

本文记述中国珠足甲螨属ＢｅｌｂａＶｏｎＨｅｙｄｅｎ的一新种角珠足甲螨Ｂ．ｃｏｒｎｕｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,珠足甲螨属和孔珠足甲螨属中国６个新纪录种：南方珠足甲螨Ｂ．ａｓａｋａｗａｉＥｎａｍｉ、俄罗斯珠足甲螨Ｂ．Ｂｕｌａｎｏｖａ－Ｚａｃｈｖａｔｋｉｎａ,疣珠足甲螨Ｂ．ｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｓａＢ．－Ｚ．,塞氏珠足甲螨Ｂ．ｓｅｌｌｎｉｃｋｉＢ．－Ｚ．,棒珠足甲螨Ｂ．ｃｏｒｙｎｏｐｕｓ（Ｈｅｒｍａｎｎ）和刺孔珠足甲螨Ｐｏｒｏｂｅｌｂａｓｐｉｎｏｓａ（Ｓｅｌｌｎｉｃｋ）,并对上述部分种类作了补充描述。     

我国新担子菌类补遗

在研究甘肃、四川、云南的担子菌类时发现如下４新种：云南地红菇（ＭａｃｏｗａｎｉｔｅｓｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＺａｎｇ）,属红菇科（Ｒｕｓｕｌａｃｅａｅ）,地红菇属（ＭａｃｏｗａｎｉｔｅｓＫａｌｃｈｂｒ．）系我国新记录;松针锈耳（ＣｒｅｐｉｄｏｔｕｓｐｉｎｉｃｏｌａＺａｎｇ）绣耳科（Ｃｒｅｐｉｄｏｔａｃｅａｅ）;蛇盖条孢牛肝菌（ＢｏｌｅｔｅｌｕｓｓｅｒｐｅｎｔｉｐｉｌｅｕｓＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属松塔牛肝菌［疣孢牛肝菌科］（Ｓｔｒｏｂｉｌｏｍｙｃｏｔａｃｅａｅ）;喜杉绒盖牛肝菌（ＸｅｒｏｃｏｍｕｓｐｉｃｅｉｃｏｌａＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属牛肝菌科（Ｂｏｌｅｔａｃｅａｅ）;长柄灰包（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｄｏｎｌｏｎｇｉｓｔｉｐｕｍＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属灰包科（Ｌｙｃｏｐｅｒｄａｃｅａｅ）。     

中国牛肝菌目分类,菌物地理,外生菌根群落组合的研究

中国牛肝菌目包括疣孢牛肝菌科和牛肝菌科,已知２３１种,本文报道了中国疣孢牛肝菌科四属,即：南牛肝菌属Ａｕｓｔｒｏｂｏｌｅｔｕｓ,（７种）;条也牛肝菌属Ｂｏｌｅｔｅｌｌｕｓ,（２０种）,原孢年肝菌属Ｈｅｉｍｉｅｌｌａ（３种）和疣孢牛肝菌属Ｓｔｒｂｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓ（１７种）。     

中国尾孢菌属及其近似属的研究VI.(英文)

本文报道９种尾孢菌,其中有２个新种：蟹甲草尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｃａｃａｌｉａｅ Ｙ． Ｌ． Ｇｕｏ　＆ Ｙ．Ｊｉａｎｇ和菜蓟尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ 　ｃｙｎａｒａｅ Ｙ． Ｌ． Ｇｕｏ　＆ Ｙ． Ｊｉａｎｇ,中国新记录种有迪氏尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｄｅｍｅｔｒｉｏｎｉａｎａ　 Ｇ． Ｗｉｎｔｅｒ,田菁生尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ　 ｇｌｏｔｈｉｄｉｉｃｏｌａ 　Ｔｒａｃｙ　＆ 　Ｅａｒｌｅ,甘草尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｇｌｙｃｙｒｒｈｉｚａｅ 　（Ｓａｖｕｌｅｓｃｕ　＆　Ｓａｎｄｕ）Ｃｈｕｐｐ,野桐尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ　ｍａｌｌｏｔｉ　Ｅｌｌｉｓ　＆ 　Ｅｖｓｒｈ,木薯尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｍａｎｉｈｏｂａｅ Ｖｉｅｇａｓ,补骨脂尾孢 Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｐｓｏｒａｌｅａｅ－ｂｉｔｕｍｉｎｏｓａｅ Ｓａｖｕｌ．＆ Ｓａｎｄｕ和香豆尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｔｒａｖｅｒｓｉａｎａ Ｓａｃｃ。文中为新种提供了拉丁文描述并附图,研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆（ＨＭＡＳ）。     

东北地区蒿属植物比较形态学研究——II.叶表皮结构

本通过扫描电子显微镜,对东北地区蒿属（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ）植物,莳萝蒿组（Ａ．ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｂｓｉｎｔｈｉｕｍ ＤＣ）,艾蒿组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｂｒｏｔａｎｕｍ Ｂｅｓｓ）,艾组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ）,龙蒿组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｒａｃｕｍｃｕｌｕｓ Ｂｅｓｓ）,牡蒿组（Ｓｅｃｔ．ｌａｔｉｏｂｕｓ Ｙ．Ｒ．Ｌｉｎｇ）３６种成熟代表植物叶表皮形态学特征进行了详尽的比较研究。其中表皮细胞大小、形状不等。     

齿突蟾属某些种的多态现象

本文报道某些锄足蟾科Pelobatidae动物的多态现象。讨论了同域或不同域的四种齿突蟾Scuti-ger,即刺胸齿突蟾S. mammatus(Guenther)、胸腺齿突蟾S. glandulatus(Liu)、木里齿突蟾S. mulicnsis Fei et Ye和皱纹齿突蟾S. ruginosus Zhao et jiang的皮肤瘰疣、第二性征等性状;用薄层等电聚焦电泳方法分析了同域三种齿突蟾的晶体蛋白。结果表明:前三种是有效种;后一种,即皱纹齿突蟾分别是前三种的多态性变体;这些变体以相同性状(即皮肤多瘭疣)同时表现在三个种中的现象,属于平行多态现象。     

DNA polymorphisms in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Molecular markers [random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)] were used to determine the frequency of DNA polymorphism in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Twenty-nine oligonucleotide primers were employed for RAPDs, generating a total of 262 DNA fragments, of which 145 were polymorphic in at least one pairwise comparison between 36 genotypes. Individual primers differed significantly in their ability to detect genetic polymorphism in the species. The overall frequency of polymorphisms was low with a mean frequency of 0.117 polymorphisms per RAPD band being obtained from all pairwise comparisons between genotypes, with maximum and minimum values of 0.212 and 0.039, respectively. Results from phenetic analysis of bandsharing data were consistent with current sub-specific groupings of the species, with clusters of Durra, Zerazera, Caud-Nig, Caud-Kaura and Caffrorum being discernible. The results also indicated that individuals of a similar taxonomic grouping but different geographic origin may be genetically less identical than previously considered. Similar frequencies of polymorphism to that obtained with RAPDs were obtained with RFLPs. Results from these experiments indicated that a high level of genetic uniformity exists within S. bicolor.     

The C1167T polymorphism of the catalase gene and polymorphic markers D11S907 and D11S2008 located in its vicinity are associated with diabetes mellitus type 2

To study the contribution of the catalase (CAT) gene in diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2, the allele and genotype frequencies of internal (polymorphism C1167T) and two neighboring (minisatellites D11S907 and D11S2008) polymorphic markers were studied in 132 healthy individuals and 154 patients from Moscow. Allele C and genotype CC of the C1167T polymorphism proved associated with a higher risk of DM type 2. Seven D11S907 alleles containing 14 to 20 dinucleotide repeats were found. The frequencies of alleles 15 and 16 and genotype 18/20 were significantly higher and those of allele 18 and genotypes 17/18 and 18/19 were lower in patients than in controls. Eight D11S2008 alleles containing 15 to 22 tetranucleotide repeats were found. The frequencies of alleles 17 and 18 and genotype 18/20 in patients were significantly higher than in controls. An association of the three polymorphic loci and DM type 2 was suggested.     

中国五种高山锄足蟾的核型、Ag-NORs和C-带的研究

作者用核型、Ag-NORs和C-带,对分布于川、滇两省的二属(齿突蟾、齿蟾)五种(胸腺齿突蟾、圆疣齿突蟾、凉北齿蟾、秉志齿蟾、疣刺齿蟾)锄足蟾作了属间和种间关系的比较分析,并讨论了它们的核型演化机制。结果表明:(1)齿突蟾和齿蟾两属间在核型和带型上都有明显的差异,演化途径主要的可能是含有重复DNA染色体片段的相互易位或臂间倒位;(2)属内不同种之间带型无显著差异,但某些对应染色体对间,其相对长度和臂比值差异明显,十分可能是常染色质片段的易位和臂间倒位所致;(3)凉北齿蟾有染色体数目变异多态现象;(4)五种锄足蟾均未发现异形性染色体。     

Geographic variation in animal colour polymorphisms and its role in speciation

Polymorphic species, in which multiple variants coexist within a population, are often used as model systems in evolutionary biology. Recent research has been dominated by the hypothesis that polymorphism can be a precursor to speciation. To date, the majority of research regarding polymorphism and speciation has focused on whether polymorphism is maintained within a population or whether morphs within populations may diverge to form separate species (sympatric speciation); however, the geographical context of speciation in polymorphic systems is likely to be both diverse and complex. In this review, we draw attention to the geographic variation in morph composition and frequencies that characterises many, if not most polymorphic species. Recent theoretical and empirical developments suggest that such variation in the number, type and frequency of morphs present among populations can increase the probability of speciation. Thus, the geographical context of a polymorphism requires a greater research focus. Here, we review the prevalence, causes and evolutionary consequences of geographic variation in polymorphism in colour‐polymorphic animal species. The prevalence and nature of geographic variation in polymorphism suggests that polymorphism may be a precursor to and facilitate speciation more commonly than appreciated previously. We argue that a better understanding of the processes generating geographic variation in polymorphism is vital to understanding how polymorphism can promote speciation.     

Karyotypic and molecular identification of laboratory stocks of the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The taxonomic status of the tephritid pest Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) is a controversial subject, mainly because of misinterpretation of the observed genetic variation. In this work, the different karyotypes and DNA polymorphism of a geographically defined population from Northeastern Argentina were studied, using derived stocks maintained in the laboratory during 25 generations. The karyotypes were analyzed using C-banding and N-banding techniques, while DNA analysis was performed through the DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The variants isolated from both the wild Montecarlo population and the derived laboratory stocks were fully compatible and are present in other wild populations from South Brazil (lat 31 degrees 30' S) to Mid-Argentina (lat 34 degrees 30' S). Single-pair crosses among stocks carrying different chromosomal variants demonstrated the absence of isolation barriers. The polymorphic fragments isolated by RAPDs/PCR showed polymorphisms among stocks whereas the analysis of rDNA ITS1 exhibit a unique ITS1 length. Our results seem to indicate that all the examined variants belong to a single species with extended polymorphism and therefore do not support the hypothesis that the extended chromosomal polymorphism in A. fraterculus implies the existence of a complex of cryptic species.     

Paternally Inherited Chloroplast Polymorphism in Pinus: Estimation of Diversity and Population Subdivision, and Tests of Disequilibrium with a Maternally Inherited Mitochondrial Polymorphism

We have surveyed a chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in 745 individuals, distributed rangewide in eight allopatric natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and eight allopatric natural populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.). The polymorphic region of the chloroplast genome is located near duplicated psbA genes. Fourteen length variants were found in the survey, and these variants distinguished the two species qualitatively. Variant diversities were high in both species (h(es) = 0.43 in jack pine; h(es) = 0.44 in lodgepole pine). Population subdivision was weak within and among lodgepole pine subspecies and in jack pine (i.e., θvalues were less than 0.05). This weak subdivision is compatible with theoretical predictions for paternally inherited markers in wind-pollinated outcrossers, as well as for polymorphisms with high length mutation rates. If these populations are at a drift-migration equilibrium, the chloroplast DNA restriction fragment data and previous mitochondrial frequency data from the same individuals are consistent with gene flow that is differential through seeds and pollen. The new data have permitted the first empirical tests of disequilibrium between maternally and paternally inherited factors. As expected, these tests failed to detect convincing evidence of non-random association between chloroplast and mitochondrial variants.     

贵州蚋科一新种 (双翅目:蚋科)(英文)

本文记述采自贵州雷公山的蚋属一新种 ,以产地命名为黔蚋Simulium (Simulium )qianensesp .nov。新种隶属于杂色蚋组S .variegatumspecies group ,与台湾蚋S .taiwanicum最近似 ,但可依其特殊的盾饰、足的颜色、雄尾中骨端裂和幼虫后颊裂深并在后腹部具附骨等特征与其他近缘种相区别。模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物教研室。     

亚洲高海拔锄足蟾属间分类研究(Amphibia:Pelobatidae)

本文比较研究了高海拔锄足蟾类29种成体和蝌蚪的外形,25种的骨骼,8种的核型和带型,9种的眼晶体薄层凝胶等电聚焦电泳图谱等性状,并结合地理分布、生态环境及习性等因素综合而较全面地对中国锄足蟾科Pelobatidae的齿突蟾属Scutiger,猫眼蟾属Aelurophryne和齿蟾属Oreo-lalax三个类群的属间分类问题进行了探讨。研究表明:齿蟾属Oreolalax应为有效属,不宜作为齿突蟾属Scutiger的亚属;猫眼蟾属Aelurophryne与齿突蟾属Scutiger应同归一属,前者应为后者之亚属。     

Low genic variation in male-reproductive-tract proteins of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

We report results, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), of natural population surveys of allelic variation in approximately 300 male-reproductive-tract polypeptides in both Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species, D. simulans. Despite our efforts to maximize operational sensitivity of our 2DE gels to polymorphism, variation estimates in both species were low (proportion of polymorphic loci [P] = 9%, and average heterozygosity [H] = 1%-3%), compared with those by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1DE) (P = 29%-55%; H = 8%-19%) in the same populations. However, H of polymorphic loci was very similar for 2DE and 1DE proteins; and for 17 of a total of 54 polymorphic proteins, 2DE detected three or four distinct alleles. The results suggest that the differing levels of variability widely seen with 1DE and 2DE are real and reflect differing intensities of functional constraint between different classes of structural loci. However, the alternative possibility remains that 2DE has a greater between-locus unevenness of variant detection sensitivity than does 1DE.