芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶的发酵条件研究

本文研究了芽孢杆菌Ｌ２３产木聚糖酶的时间曲线,碳源种类和浓度,添加物,发酵起始ｐｈ以及接种量对产酶的影响。该菌经３７℃培养５０小时,酶活力为３０ＩＵ／ｍｌ,酶最适反应温度为５７℃,最适ｐＨ值为７．０。     

耐碱芽胞杆菌木聚糖酶的形成条件及特性

通过碱性选择平板分离到耐碱的芽胞杆菌B－141菌株。该菌在碱性（pH10）条件及木聚糖存在下能产生胞外木聚精酶。该酶最适反应温度为60℃,在60℃以下基本稳定;酶反应的最适pH为3～7,但在碱性条件下稳定,在pH10环境处理60min,仍保持约70％的活性。从TLC分析可知,该酶作用于燕麦木聚糖时,主要产物为大于三体的寡糖。     

芽胞杆菌发酵产2,3-丁二醇的研究进展及展望

综述了近年来利用芽胞杆菌生产2,3-丁二醇(2,3-BD)的研究进展,包括生产菌株的筛选、影响芽胞杆菌发酵2,3-丁二醇的因素、芽胞杆菌2,3-丁二醇代谢途径及调控等方面,并对其研究方向进行了展望。     

短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus) WHK4以羽毛粉为底物产蛋白酶条件的优化

探索Bacillus pumilusWHK4以羽毛粉为底物产酶的最佳条件和最佳培养基组成。以羽毛粉发酵培养基为基础,首先采用单因子试验考察底物浓度、初始pH、接种量、外加碳源、外加氮源对WHK4产酶活力的影响。在单因子试验的基础上采用正交试验设计对底物浓度、温度、初始pH、接种量、外加(NH4)2SO4、外加麦芽糖进行优化。结果显示:Bacillus pumilusWHK4最佳的产酶条件为初始pH7.38,菌龄16 h,接种量5%,37℃。最佳的培养基组成为:1 L基础发酵培养基,40.0 g羽毛粉,10.0 g(NH4)2SO4和10.0 g麦芽糖。在优化的条件下Bacillus pumilusWHK4 24 h产蛋白酶活力为每毫升90 U。对培养条件和培养基的优化为Bacillus pumilusWHK4产蛋白酶的分离纯化奠定了基础。     

Endophytic Bacillus sp. Isolated from the Interior of Balloon Flower Root

A bacterial strain, designated CY22, was isolated from the interior of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root in the Republic of Korea. The isolate coproduced an iturin-like antifungal compound and a surfactin-like potent biosurfactant. Analysis of the 16S-rDNA of strain CY22 showed that the isolate was a member of Bacillus. High similarities were observed between strain CY22 and Bacillus sp. TKSP 24, and between strain CY22 and B. subtilis 168. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S-rDNA sequences showed that strain CY22 was closely related to Bacillus sp. The main whole-cell fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (37%), C_17:0 (5.1%), and iso-C_15:0 (27.7%). DNA G + C content was 54 mol%. Based on phylogenetic inference, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this endophytic strain Bacillus sp. CY22 was assigned to the genus Bacillus.     

Biodegradation of disperse textile dye Brown 3REL by newly isolated Bacillus sp. VUS

Aims:  To isolate the potential micro-organism for the degradation of textile disperse dye Brown 3 REL and to find out the reaction mechanism.
Methods and Results:  16S rDNA analysis revealed an isolate from textile effluent contaminated soil as Bacillus sp. VUS and was able to degrade (100%) dye Brown 3REL within 8 h at static anoxic condition. A significant increase in the activities of lignin peroxidase, laccase and NADH-DCIP reductase was observed up to complete decolourization of Brown 3REL. The optimum temperature required for degradation was 40°C and pH 6·5–12·0. Phyto-toxicity and chemical oxygen demand revealed nontoxic products of dye degradation. The biodegradation was monitored by UV–VIS, FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC. The final products 6,8-dichloro-quinazoline-4-ol and cyclopentanone were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This Bacillus sp. VUS also decolourized (80%) textile dye effluent within 12 h.
Conclusions:  This study suggests that Bacillus sp. VUS could be a useful tool for textile effluent treatment.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The newly isolated Bacillus sp. VUS decolourized 16 textile dyes and textile dye effluent also. It achieved complete biodegradation of Brown 3REL. Phytotoxicity study demonstrated no toxicity of the biodegraded products for plants with respect to Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor .     

产碱性纤维素酶嗜碱芽孢杆菌AH-8的研究

从贵州、云南、海南、安徽、四川、辽宁等地采集碱性土样,分离筛选到1株能稳定的产生碱性纤维素酶的嗜碱性芽孢杆菌AH-8。研究表明,该菌株最适产酶温度为37℃,最适发酵时间为36 h;采用均匀设计法对其发酵培养基进行优化,优化培养基配方(%):淀粉3.0,胰蛋白胨1.5,牛肉膏1.5,葡萄糖0.3,KH2PO40.1,初始pH 10.0。在优化培养基条件下,其产酶量提高了120%。碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为60℃;最适反应pH 10.0;0.01%Co2 对酶活力有一定激活作用。     

A combined treatment using ethylmethane sulfonate and ultraviolet light to compare amylase production by three Bacillus sp. isolates

Abstract

In this study, three Bacillus sp.-producing amylase enzymes were isolated from soil samples and identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Amylase production and total protein productions were spectrophotometrically measured. The following media were tested to increase enzyme production: LB medium and molasses. Three Bacillus sp. were identified as follows: Bacillus subtilis subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus cereus. Amylase production levels were in the range of 10?U/mL, whereas total protein production levels were at 15?mg/mL. Higher amylase activity was found in the Bacillus subtilis isolate. Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) and ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis in combination were applied to compare amylase production. Amylase activity was increased to around 58% in the treatment with 0.03?mL of EMS and UV when compared to the control group. A pilot scale bioreactor with a total working volume of 10 liters was used to produce amylase by B. subtilis subtilis. In conclusion, B. subtilis subtilis can be used to produce amylase enzyme for various industrial purposes, and, for the first time, the amylase activities of B. subtilis can be enhanced with EMS and UV treatment.     

Production, purification and characterization of thermophilic lipase from Bacillus sp. THL027

A low-cost medium, MGRS, has been developed for growth and lipase production from Bacillus THL027 at 65 degrees C and pH 7.0. MGRS was composed of 2% (v/v) buffer solution (7.3% (w/v) Na(2)HPO(4), 3.2% (w/v) KH(2)PO(4), pH 7.2), 40 microg ml(-1) FeSO(4) and 40 microg ml(-1) MgSO(4), 0.1% (w/v) (NH(4))(2)SO(4) supplemented with 3% NaCl, 0.1% glucose, 1.0% rice bran oil and 0.5% (w/v) rice bran. The lipase was purified 2.6-fold to apparent homogeneity by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular mass was 69 kDa. The purified enzyme was characterized for its general physical properties.     

Production and characteristics of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus sp. F19

A bioflocculant-producing bacterium isolated from soil was identified as Bacillus sp. and the bioflocculant produced was named MBFF19. Effects of physico-chemical conditions including pH, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on MBFF19 production were studied. Chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant MBFF19 indicated that it was a sugar-protein derivative, composed of neutral sugar (3.6%, w/w), uronic acid (37.0%, w/w), amino sugars (0.5%, w/w) and protein (16.4%, w/w). The two neutral sugar components were mannose and glucose and the molar ratio was 1.2:1. Infrared spectrophotometry analysis revealed that MBFF19 contained carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups in its structural. Flocculating properties of bioflocculant MBFF19 was examined using kaolin, activated carbon and fly coal suspension. Cation supplement had no positive effects on the flocculating activity whereas the presence of Fe3+ inhibited flocculation. Influences of pH and bioflocculant dosage on the flocculation were also examined.     

芽孢杆菌对养殖水体净化作用的比较研究

利用平板鉴定法比较了5株芽孢杆菌的产蛋白酶、淀粉酶、细菌素能力。并以鳗鱼场的养殖污水作为培养基进一步试验,筛选到1株对养殖污水具有较强净化作用的菌株—芽孢杆菌FB123,接种有FB123菌株的被测试水中氨氮含量由空白的2.7 mg/L下降到0.72 mg/L,挥发性酸从10.9μg/mL上升到16.4μg/mL,乳酸菌数由4.9×104cfu/mL上升到1.21×106cfu/mL,对养殖污水的抑菌能力(以抑菌圈直径表示)则为1.3 cm。结果表明菌株FB123对养殖污水具有较强的净化作用,在改善养殖水质方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Feasibility study for decomposition of gelatin layers on X-ray films by thermostable alkaline protease from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp.

Enzymatic decomposition of gelatin layers on X-ray films and repeated utilization of enzyme for potential industrialization were investigated using thermostable alkaline protease from the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. B21-2. The decomposition of gelatin layers at 50 °C with the mutant enzyme (Ala187 was replaced by Pro) was higher than those of the wild-type and other mutant enzymes. In the repeated experiment for every 60 min (20 U ml^–1, 50 °C), the mutant enzyme could be satisfactorily used five times while three times for the wild-type enzyme.     

地衣芽孢杆菌ws-6产纤维素酶条件优化

目的：通过优化该菌产酶条件,以期在饲料中的进一步应用建立基础。方法：纤维素酶活性用还原糖法测定,产酶条件采用单因素筛选与正交优化方法相结合。结果：培养基初始pH6.5、培养温度37℃、接种量2%2、50 mL三角瓶装液量30 mL、葡萄糖1.5%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5%、酵母膏1.5%、KH2PO40.05%、NaCl 0.5%,培养48h后酶活性达到最高3.45U/mL;金属离子K＋、Mn2＋、Mg2＋、Zn2＋、Co2＋、Na＋对产酶有激活作用,Cu2＋则抑制酶活性。结论：酶活性比出发菌提高约1.4倍,对饲料制作中提高纤维降解具有一定的实用价值。     

生物表面活性剂生产菌的鉴定及其发酵优化和产物性质研究

由中国科学院南海海洋研究所提供的一株生物表面活性剂生产菌,经菌落、菌体形态和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为芽孢杆菌属,命名为Bacillus SCUT09.初步优化了该菌株的培养条件,最佳碳、氮源分别为木薯淀粉、牛肉膏,最利于Bacillus SCUT09生长和生物表面活性剂积累的条件为:NaCl 1%,pH 6.5...     

Bacillus sp.fmbJ224发酵产新型抗菌肽培养基的优化研究

采用Plackett-Burman设计(Plackett-Burman Design,PB)法,对影响Bacillus sp．fmbJ224产新型抗菌肽的17个因素进行了筛选。结果表明：影响该菌发酵产新型抗菌肽的主要培养基成分为葡萄糖、NH4NO3、谷氨酸、CaCl2、MnSO4。在此基础上,再采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)对其5个显著因子的最佳水平范围进行研究。通过对二次多项回归方程求解得知,在上述自变量分别为葡萄糖8．13g／L、NH4NO36．14g／L、谷氨酸4．2g／L、CaCl23．98mg／L、MnSO44．87mg／L时,新型抗菌肽的产量从1304．2μg／mL提高到了1487．58μg／mL。     

产碱性蛋白酶嗜碱芽孢杆菌的筛选及其研究

利用造纸黑液对土样进行富集,筛选出3株碱性蛋白酶酶活力较高的嗜碱芽孢杆菌X1、X2、X3。对它们的生长曲线,产酶曲线,在不同C、N源、pH值、盐浓度下的产酶活力进行的研究表明:3株嗜碱芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.JBX1、X2、X5)酶活力较高(达到100U/mL),X2最高酶活可达140U/mL。最适pH值为9.5,碳源中的蔗糖,氮源中的酵母浸提物和硝酸钠均利于产酶。X1、X5两株嗜碱芽孢杆菌均表现出较强的耐盐耐高渗透压的能力。X1在11%的NaCl浓度下生长良好,酶活仍然达到80U/mL以上。而X2和X5对温度的耐受性比较强,在经70℃处理15min后依然保持了80%以上的酶活力,所产蛋白酶为高温碱性蛋白酶,从而为进一步的应用和研究奠定了基础。     

白腐菌对培养环境pH的调节及其产漆酶的相关性

研究了不同种属白腐菌多孔菌属C1(Polyporussp.)、侧耳属B2(Pleurotussp.)、香菇属A3(Lentinusedodes)对培养环境pH的调节,及其与菌株产漆酶状况的相关性。结果表明:3株白腐菌均可调节培养液酸化,培养环境的pH可分别由初始的4.5~5.0持续下降至培养结束时3.0~3.5水平,相应C1、B2、A3三者的漆酶合成与分泌在pH值较高(pH 4.5以上)时均表现较弱(酶活分别处于约1 500、200、50 U/mL以下的水平),在pH 3.2~4.5范围内的不同偏酸性条件下则得到较好表达(最高酶活分别达5 000、340、144 U/mL)。统计学分析指出,白腐菌调节环境pH状况与其产漆酶状况之间存在显著或极显著相关性,但不同白腐菌调节培养环境pH的能力之间并不具有显著性差异。     

EFFICIENT PROTEOLYSIS AND APPLICATION OF AN ALKALINE PROTEASE FROM HALOPHILIC Bacillus sp. EMB9

A salt-stable alkaline protease from moderately halophilic Bacillus sp. EMB9, isolated from the western coast of India, is described. This protease was capable of efficiently removing silver from used/waste X-Ray films, as well as hydrolyzing defatted soy flour with 31% degree of hydrolysis (DH). Production of the protease was optimized by using response surface methodology. Ca²⁺ and NaCl were the most critical factors in enhancing the yield. Under optimized culture conditions, a maximum of 369 U protease/mL was obtained, which is quite comparable to the yields of commercial proteases. The elevated production level coupled with ability to efficiently hydrolyze protein-laden soy flour and complete recovery of silver from used X-Ray films makes it a prospective industrial enzyme.     

Physical properties of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. CP912

AIMS: In this study, some physical properties of Bacillus sp. exo-polysaccharide were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: An extracellular polysaccharide was purified by sequential precipitations after homogenization of the diluted culture supernatant of Bacillus sp. CP912. Its physical properties were examined such as lipid emulsifying effect on several vegetable oils and flocculating activity against the activated carbon suspension. The melting point and endothermic calories of the polysaccharide were 128.7 degrees C and 50.864 kCal mol-1, respectively. Its pyrolysis temperature was 284.58 degrees C. The polysaccharide showed high lipid emulsifying activity on oil-water emulsion, against olive, peanut, sunflower and corn oils. It exhibited high flocculating activity as well against activated carbon. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. CP912 has a great industrial potential because of its high lipid emulsifying and flocculating activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These data represent a novel Bacillus sp. extracellular polysaccharide possessing high emulsifying and flocculating effects.     

Optimization of a culture medium for xylanase production by Bacillus sp. using statistical experimental designs

The concentrations of oat spelt xylan, casein hydrolysate and NH4Cl in the culture medium for production of xylanase from Bacillus sp. I-1018 were optimized by means of response surface methods. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. The optimum composition of the nutrient medium was then easily determined by using a central composite design and was found to be 3.16g/l of xylan, 1.94g/l casein hydrolysate, 0.8g/l of NH4Cl. The xylanase production was increased by 135% when the strain was grown in the optimized medium compared to initial medium.