中国灯叶蝉属一新种记述（同翅目：叶蝉科：角顶叶蝉亚科）

灯叶蝉属Lamprotettix隶属于角顶叶蝉亚科Deltocephalinae 圆冠叶蝉族Athysanini,由Ribaut 以Cicadaoctopunctata Schrank 为模式种建立。Ossiannilsson (1947) 和Ribaut (1952)确认Lamprotettix splendidulus (Fabricius, 1803)和L. octopunctata (Schrank, 1796)是 L.nitidula (Fabricius, 1787) 的异名。该属目前仅知1种 L. nitidula (Fabricius)。本文记述采自我国云南的1新种云南灯叶蝉L. yunnanensis, sp. nov.,至此,该属全世界已知2种,我国均有分布。新种模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。云南灯叶蝉Lamprotettix yunnanensis, 新种（图1～10） 　　新种与Lamprotettixnitidulus (Fabricius, 1787)相似,但本新种尾节后背缘无三角形突起,阳茎端部仅有1对伸向体前方的突起,不同于后者。　　正模♂,云南大理苍山,2400m,1999-Ⅺ-12,秦道正采;副模1♀,同正模。     

中国角顶叶蝉亚科一新属六新种(同翅目:叶蝉科)

记述角顶叶蝉亚科1新属：即柔突叶蝉属Abrus gen.nov.,并记述6新种：衡山柔突叶蝉A.hengshanensis sp.nov.,短茎柔突叶蝉A.brevis sp.nov.黄芪柔突叶蝉A.huangi.sp.nov.,武夷柔突叶蝉.A.wuyiensis sp.nov,叉茎柔突叶蝉A.bifurcatus sp.nov。和锥尾柔突叶蝉A.coneus sp.nov.,列有种的检索表,描述了种的外部形态特征及雄性外生殖器特征,附有主要特征图。     

中国横春叶蝉属一新种记述（同翅目：叶蝉科：角顶叶蝉亚科）

横春叶蝉属 H engchunia Vilbaste隶属于角顶叶蝉亚科 Deltocephalinae隆脊叶蝉族Paralimini,由 Vilbaste( 1 969)根据分布我国台湾的 H engchunia koshunensis( Matsumu-ra,1 91 4 )为模式种建立 ,当时仅知 1种。Remane & Asche ( 1 980 )建立 1新属 Pseupalus,仅包括模式种 1种 ,Webb & Heller ( 1 990 )又报道该属 3新种。 Asche & Webb ( 1 994)对上述两属进行比较后确认 Pseupalus是横春叶蝉属 H engchunia的异名 ,并发表 4新种。本文记述采自我国海南的 1新种 :短突横春叶蝉 H engchunia breviproducta,sp.nov.,至此 ,该属全世界已知 1 0种 ,我国已知 2种。短突横春叶蝉模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。短突横春叶蝉 Hengchunia breviproducta,新种 (图 1～ 1 0 )本新种与 H engchunia javana Asche & Webb,1 994相似 ,二者阳茎端部均有 1对伸向背侧缘的小突起 ,可与本属其它种相区别 ,但本新种阳茎前腔腹部突起较阳茎干短 ,阳基侧突端部仅有 1个伸向外侧的突起 ,无小的内脊 ,不同于后者。正模 :♂ ,海南两院 ,灯诱 ,1 983 - -0 1 ,张雅林。副模 :1♂ ,海南琼中 ,1 983 - -0 4,张雅林 ;1♀ ,海南通什 ,灯诱 ,1 983 - -0 7,张雅林。     

中国叉索叶蝉属一新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:角顶叶蝉亚科)

叉索叶蝉属NeurotettixMatsumura隶属于角顶叶蝉亚科Deltocephalinae圆冠叶蝉族Athysanini,由Matsumura(1914)根据我国台湾的Neurotettixhorishanus 为模式种建立,当时仅知1种.Ishihara(1963)对该属进行了重新描记并补充了雄性外生殖器特征.蔡平等(1999)报道了河南宝天曼的1个新种--双叉叉索叶蝉Neurotettixbifurcatus.本文记述采自我国湖南的1个新种脊茎叉索叶蝉Neurotettixflangenus, sp. nov.,至此,该属全世界已知3种,全部分布在我国.模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.脊茎叉索叶蝉Neurotettixflangenus, 新种 (图1)新种与Neurotettix horishanus Matsumura相似,但本新种阳茎干较短,端部两侧有侧脊,而后者阳茎干细长,端部向背面弯曲、无突起或脊.本新种也与双叉叉索叶蝉Neurotettixbifurcatus Cai et Shen相似,但本新种端部两侧具脊,后者阳茎端部背缘有1对长突、腹缘有1对短突,明显不同.正模♂,湖南郴州苏仙岭,1985-Ⅶ-18,张雅林、柴勇辉;副模1♀,湖南郴州,1985-Ⅶ-5,张雅林、柴勇辉;1♀,湖南郴州,1985-Ⅶ-16,张雅林、柴勇辉;1♀,湖南郴州,1985-Ⅶ-23,张雅林、柴勇辉.     

中国掌叶蝉属利叶蝉亚属分类研究(同翅目,叶蝉科,角顶叶蝉亚科)

对中国掌叶蝉属利叶蝉亚属进行了分类研究,我国现知4种,即横带掌叶蝉Handianus(Usuirontus)limbicosta (Jacobi)、双斑掌叶蝉H.(U.)limbfer(Matsumura)、冠斑掌叶蝉H.(U.)maculaticeps(Reuter)和条斑掌叶蝉H.(U.)ogikubonis(Matsumura),确认Usuironus quadrimaculatus Cai et Shen,1999是H.(U.)limbifer(Matsumura,1902)的新异名.文中提供了该亚属的鉴别特征和分种检索表、各种的地理分布、形态记述和特征图.     

角顶叶蝉亚科一新属——背突叶蝉属（同翅目：叶蝉科）

记述角顶叶蝉亚科１新属－－背突叶蝉属Ｐrotensus,并记述２个新种：周氏背突叶蝉Ｐrotensus choui,sp.nov.和茎齿背突叶蝉Protensus dentatus,sp.nov.,建立１个新组合－－中国新记录种对柄背突叶蝉Protensus kiushiuensis(Vilbaste),n.comb.,列种的检索表,描述了种的外部形态特征及雄性外生殖器特征,并附主要特征图。模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

Behavioral evidence that the precibarial sensilla of leafhoppers are chemosensory and function in host discrimination

Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) possess epi-and hypopharyngeal chemosensilla within the head. In this paper, we describe the behaviors of leafhoppers (Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret) which have had two of the four main nerves to these sensilla cut. Insects with severed nerves (treated) and control insects (both sham-operated and normal) were offered a choice of two small mustard leaves infused with either distilled water or a 5% sucrose solution. The control insects showed a preference for the 5% sucrose leaf, whereas the treated leafhoppers did not; they distributed themselves on both leaves with similar frequency. Thus, severing the nerves of only half of the precibarial chemosensilla (epipharyngeal organ) resulted in major changes in leafhopper feeding behavior. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the precibarial chemosensilla mediate gustatory discrimination of chemical compounds within the plant.

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Résumé Les cicadelles (Homoptera) possèdent dans la tête des sensilles gustatives sur l'épi et l'hypopharynx. Cette note décrit le comportement de Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret dont deux des quatre principaux nerfs de ces sensilles ont été coupés. Le choix entre des petites feuilles de moutarde infusées, soit dans de l'eau distillée, soit dans une solution de sucrose à 5%, a été proposé à ces insectes et à deux catégories de témoins, les uns intacts, les autres ayant subi une opération à blanc. Les témoins ont montré une préférence pour les feuilles traitées au sucrose, mais pas les cicadelles aux nerfs sectionnés. Les insectes sectionnés ont perforé les deux types de feuilles avec les mêmes fréquences. Ainsi la section de la moitié seulement des nerfs des sensilles gustatives précibariales (organe épipharyngien) a induit un changement fondamental du comportement alimentaire des cicadelles. Cette expérience appuie l'hypothèse selon laquelle les sensilles précibariales fournissent la discrimination gustative des composés chimiques de la plante.

     

Effect of two strains of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma on the survival and fecundity of the experimental leafhopper vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum

We have investigated the influence on longevity and fecundity of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDP), the agent of a grapevine yellows disease, in the experimental vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum. Late instar nymphs were exposed to one or the other of two strains of FDP (FD92 and FD2000) by feeding on infected broad bean (Vicia faba L.) or on healthy broad bean or maize (Zea mays L.) for an acquisition access period of 13 days. Detection of FDP in individual insects was done with PCR assays and revealed that almost all exposed leafhoppers had acquired FDP, for both FD92 and FD2000 strains. FDP infection significantly reduced the life span of males and females (ANOVA of the quartiles of survival distribution and Weibull scale parameter). FDP-exposed females produced significantly fewer nymphs. The two FDP strains had similar effects on reduction of survival and fecundity of leafhoppers. There was no significant differences in longevity of E. variegatus males exposed to FD broad bean than held on healthy broad bean or maize, but female survival and fecundity were reduced when they fed on maize versus healthy broad bean.     

Glandular trichomes on perennial alfalfa affect host-selection behavior of Empoasca fabae

Selected behavior of Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was examined to elucidate resistance of commercially-available glandular-haired alfalfa to this key forage pest. The overall objective was to assess the effects of the glandular trichomes on the behavior of nymphs and adults. Studies of host-plant acceptance by E. fabae nymphs found first and third instars to show a higher degree of change in settling location on the glandular-haired FGplh13 alfalfa than on the nonglandular P5373 alfalfa. Nymphs also cleaned their tarsi more frequently when in contact with the glandular trichomes on FGplh13 alfalfa, and in addition a larger number of nymphs jumped/fell off the surface of FGplh13 alfalfa. The glandular trichomes on FGplh13 also impeded nymphal mobility more effectively than the nonglandular trichomes on P5373. No choice, time-course analysis of adult host-plant acceptance behavior found that adults settled less frequently on FGplh13 alfalfa with the glandular trichomes intact, than on either FGplh13 with the glandular trichomes removed, or P5373 alfalfa with the nonglandular trichomes intact or removed. Free choice, time-course analysis of adult host-preference behavior determined that at each observation, stems of the nonglandular P5373 alfalfa were preferred over FGplh13 alfalfa. Similarly, at each observation, stems of FGplh13 alfalfa with the glandular trichomes removed were preferred over FGplh13 with the glandular trichomes intact. These data provide additional evidence for the localization of a resistance factor in the glandular trichomes of FGplh13 alfalfa. An antixenotic resistance mechanism also appears to be present, which may function, in part, through a tactile avenue.     

Influence of Xylella fastidiosa infection of citrus on host selection by leafhopper vectors

Infection of plants by pathogens can influence their attractiveness and suitability to insect vectors and other herbivores. Here we examined the effects of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) infection by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), on the feeding preferences of two sharpshooter vectors, Dilobopterus costalimai Young and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Experiments were performed inside observation chambers, in which a healthy plant and an infected one (with or without CVC symptoms) were supplied to a group of 40 sharpshooters. The number of insects that selected each treatment was recorded at several time intervals in 48 h. In another experiment, the ingestion rate on healthy and infected (symptomatic or not) plants was evaluated by measuring the liquid excretion of sharpshooters that were confined on branches of each plant for 72 h. Both sharpshooter species preferred healthy plants to those with CVC symptoms. However, O. facialis did not discriminate between healthy citrus and symptomless infected plants. Feeding by D. costalimai was markedly reduced when confined on CVC‐symptomatic plants, but not on asymptomatic infected ones. The ingestion rate by O. facialis was not affected by the presence of CVC symptoms. The results suggest that citrus trees with early (asymptomatic) infections by X. fastidiosa may be more effective as inoculum sources for CVC spread by insect vectors than those with advanced symptoms.