Hieracium sect. Oreadea (Asteraceae) in Sweden – from a complete mess to a preliminary taxonomic classification

Among Swedish Hieracium sect. Oreadea (Fr.) Arv.‐Touv., more than 100 taxa have been recognized by various experts but, except for a regional monograph from 1894 there are no thorough published revisions of the group and many of the names have never been validly published. At the same time, some of the oldest names have been variously applied to morphologically clearly different species. In the present study, 5000 specimens in Swedish herbaria have been revised using both traditional and statistical morphometric methods and the complicated nomenclature has been disentangled. Twenty‐eight species are recognized and described with diagnostic keys and illustrations aiding identification and their known distributions are mapped. Six species are described as new to science (viz. H. marinum T. Tyler, H. eulasium Dahlst. ex T. Tyler, H. victoriae T. Tyler, H. falcifolium Johanss. ex T. Tyler, H. guldbergense Folin ex T. Tyler and H. hispidosum Dahlst. ex T. Tyler) and 3 additional names are raised to the specific rank (viz. H. gigantocybe (Dahlst.) T. Tyler, H. hilare (Dahlst. ex Omang) T. Tyler and H. tanyphyllum (Dahlst. ex Zahn) T. Tyler). Lectotypes are designated for 50 names based on material from Sweden, Norway or Finland and one name is neotypified. Except for a few infraspecific names for which all original material appears to be lost, all names based on material from Sweden are typified. However, it is concluded that albeit the number of taxa is relatively low, the species of H. sect. Oreadea are morphologically less distinct and clear‐cut than those of other widespread Scandinavian sections of the genus. Many of the characters that are most important in other sections of the genus are either invariable or unreliable in H. sect. Oreadea. Thus, the taxonomy has to rely on characters more subjected to environmentally‐induced modification. Furthermore, members of this section exhibit great morphological plasticity, possibly connected to their preference for exposed rocky habitats where the environmental conditions may be both severe and unpredictable.In addition, due to their ecological demands, they are confined to habitats that have always been both strongly fragmented and restricted in size giving rise to multiple small and locally adapted local populations. The section is here circumscribed in agreement with previous Scandinavian authors, i.e. including both the H. schmidtii‐group sometimes referred to H. sect. Stelligera and the H. norvegicum group approaching H. sect. Tridentata, but it is concluded that the section is relatively heterogeneous and that further studies aiming at the identification of more natural supraspecific taxa are much needed.     

The last step towards a full revision of Hieracium sect. Vulgata in Sweden

This article presents a summary of what has been achieved during the last 20 years within the project ‘The hawkweeds (Hieracium s.s.) of Sweden’ in general, and concerning Hieracium sect. Vulgata in particular, a review of our present understanding of the taxonomy and evolution of this group, as well as some new results and classifications that will be implemented in a forthcoming monographic treatment of the section in Swedish. A complete nomenclatural checklist (including synonyms and type material) of the 229 accepted species is included as an appendix and these species have been assigned to 23 informal species aggregates based on a multi‐variate analysis based on morphology and what is known about their ploidy level and molecular variation. Complete lists of the morphological characters considered important in the group as well as relevant literature are also included as appendices. Seven species are described as new to science or newly elevated to the rank of species: H. anderssonii T. Tyler, H. chroocentrum (Dahlst. ex Zahn) T. Tyler, H. cramiceps T. Tyler, H. hemimaculatum T. Tyler, H. maculato‐ornatum T. Tyler, H. ragnarii T. Tyler and H. vietulifolium (Johanss. & Sam.) T. Tyler.     

On Hieracium incurrens (Asteraceae) and similar species in central Sweden

Hieracium incurrens Saelan ex Norrl., originally described from Finland, has been reported from Sweden several times and independently by different authors. Still, however, its presence in Sweden has remained dubious and it has become obvious that the different reports are referable to different taxa and the name has thus been, at least partially, misapplied. In the present study, all Swedish material and putative taxa that have been suggested to belong to H. incurrens , as well as some additional closely similar taxa, is critically compared with authentic material of the latter from Finland. It is concluded that H. incurrens do indeed occur in central Sweden, namely in the eastern coastal provinces closest to Finland. However, the relevant material has mostly been referred to H. longilingua Johanss., which is here considered to be a later synonym of H. incurrens. Material previously referred to H. incurrens from other parts of Sweden does, however, represent other taxa. Five accepted species of this affinity are described and discussed in some detail and one species, viz. H. oestmanii T. Tyler is described anew. In addition, the unrelated species H. arnoldii T. Tyler is described anew based on material from the provinces of Hälsingland and Medelpad.     

Lectotypification of names of south Swedish Hieracium species (Asteraceae)

Ninety-six south Swedish taxa in Hieracium L. sect. Hieracium and H. sect Vulgata (Griseb.) Willk. & Lange are lectotypified. The authorship of each name is analysed and the identity and synonomy of some dubious taxa are discussed.-Flora Nordica Note no. 24     

FTIR spectra of Camellia sect. Oleifera,sect. Paracamellia,and sect. Camellia (Theaceae) with reference to their taxonomic significance

Sixty-five leaf samples in sect. Oleifera H. T. Chang, sect. Paracamellia Sealy, sect. Camellia, and sect. Thea (L.) Dyer of genus Camellia L. were discriminated directly with an OMNI-sampler accessory on the basis of biochemical profiles and a hierarchical dendrogram was finally constructed. The results showed that the infrared spectra of Camellia were fingerprint-like patterns which were highly typical for different taxa. The hierarchical dendrogram based on principal component analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) data confirmed most of morphological classifications of the four sections proposed in previous works. Infrared spectra of leaves are of taxonomic value in genus Camellia, and this technique can be widely used for identification and classification of other taxa when standard spectra are available. The relationships between sect. Oleifera and sect. Paracamellia, subsect. Lucidissima H. T. Chang and subsect. Reticulata H. T. Chang in sect. Camellia, and the species/varieties were also discussed, as many dissensions about the classification exist between Chang’s and Ming’s system.     

A new diploid species of Hieracium sect. Pannosa (Asteraceae) from Bulgaria

Hieracium petrovae Vladimirov & Szeląg sp. nov. , a new diploid (2 n  = 18) species in H. sect. Pannosa Zahn, is described and illustrated from the Rhodope Mountains, South Bulgaria, and compared with related taxa. It grows in relict habitats in crevices of limestone rock together with many Balkan endemics. H. petrovae is morphologically similar to taxa from the H. pannosum , H. pilosissimum and H. heldreichii groups (collective species sensu Zahn) to some of which it is a presumed ancestral species.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 150 , 261–265.     

山茶属油茶组、短柱茶组和红山茶组植物叶的红外光谱分析及其分类学意义

利用傅立叶红外光谱仪和OMNI采样器直接、迅速、准确地测定山茶属Camellia4组63种2变种植物叶片的红外光谱,结果表明：各分类群（种）的红外光谱具有高度特异性,其红外光谱图的变化可以作为山茶属植物属下的分类依据之一。这也暗示了利用标准红外光谱图库,可以区分和鉴定出山茶属植物的种类。经主成分分析后的红外光谱数据构建的树型聚类图与先前的形态分类结果大体一致,能将油茶组sect.Oleifera和短柱茶组sect.Paracamellia植物明显区分,并且各组中亲缘关系较近的种聚在一起。因此支持它们作为两个独立的组处理。但是,红山茶组sect.Camellia内的滇山茶亚组subsect.Lucidissima和光果红山茶亚组subsect.Reticulata植物在聚类图上很难区分,建议将这两个亚组植物进行归并。最后讨论了张宏达和闵天禄系统中存在分歧的油茶组、短柱茶组和红山茶组内的种间分类关系。     

A taxonomic and nomenclatural note on Hieracium caesium (Asteraceae)

The only specimen suitable for typification of Hieracium caesium was discovered in UPS and is here designated as the lectotype. This name appears to have been misapplied and superfluous when originally published at specific rank, but is legitimate according to Art. 52.3. Correct names proposed for three species of the group Caesia (H. caesium = H. basifolium, H. laeticolor and H. plumbeum) are given with infraspecific variants and some more important synonyms. The names H. caesium subsp. laeticolor, H. imitans, H. caesium var. nemorum, H. plumbeum are also lectotypified. Two new combinations H. caesium var. basifolium and H. caesium var. imitans are proposed.     

Synopsis ofVerbesina sect.Ochractinia (Asteraceae)

A taxonomic revision ofVerbesina sect.Ochractinia is presented. 40 species plus 7 additional infraspecific taxa are recognized. A table of the distribution of the species, key to the species and synonymy are included. Relationships to other sections ofVerbesina and species relationships within sect.Ochractinia are discussed.     

A reexamination of infraspecific taxa of a wild potato,Solanum microdontum (Solanum sect.Petota:Solanaceae)

Current taxonomic interpretations ofSolanum microdontum Bitter partition the species into two or three infraspecific taxa, variously recognized as subspecies or varieties. The present study reexamines these taxa using morphological data from four individuals each of 69 accessions from most of the range of the species, planted in a common field plot. Our results show that the character states used to recognize infraspecific taxa inS. microdontum often vary within accessions and have no correlation with geography. We conclude that past hypotheses have used typological concepts and that infraspecific taxa are not warranted. This study questions other hypotheses of infraspecific taxa in sect.Petota.     

A revision of Hieracium (Asteraceae) in Norrbotten,northeastern‐most Sweden,revealed seven new species

The large quantity of material of Hieracium sectt. Hieracium, Vulgata, Bifida and Oreadea collected during the recently completed floristic inventory of the northeastern most Swedish province of Norrbotten has been revised. The number of species known from this previously badly under‐collected province hereby increased from 27 to 64, and seven species new to science were revealed. A diagnostic key to all 64 species is provided and H. alces T. Tyler, H. hystrix T. Tyler, H. larsii‐levii T. Tyler, H. pseudopsepharum T. Tyler, H. stenbergii T. Tyler, H. taedum T. Tyler and H. vexillatum T. Tyler are described anew.     

铁线莲属黄花铁线莲组修订

对毛茛科铁线莲属Clematis的黄花铁线莲组sect. Meclatis进行了全面修订, 确定此属含13种和13变种(包括1新变种和2新变种等级); 写出了此组的分类学简史和地理分布, 并对其在铁线莲属中的系统位置和组内诸种的亲缘关系进行了讨论; 还写出了此组的分种、分变种检索表, 以及各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等, 并附有各种的插图。此组的花构造与对枝铁线莲组sect. Brachiatae的近似, 与后者在亲缘关系上相近, 区别在于此组的萼片通常斜上方开展, 呈黄色, 被毛的花丝下部变宽, 呈狭披针形, 而在对枝铁线莲组, 萼片水平开展, 呈白色, 被毛的雄蕊花丝呈狭条形, 下部不变宽; 二组可能均起源于欧洲铁线莲组的sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, 因此, 均应是隶属欧洲铁线莲亚属subgen. Clematis的成员。根据对此组植物形态特征的分析, 观察到以下演化趋势: (1)叶的颜色由于适应干旱气候, 由绿色变为灰绿色; (2)卵形或宽卵形、掌状分裂、边缘具齿的小叶可能是原始的特征, 而披针形或条形、不分裂、全缘的小叶是衍生的特征; (3)单独、顶生、只是花梗的花是由具花序梗和二苞片的聚伞花序发生减化(reduction)而衍生的; (4)萼片形状的演化趋势与小叶形状的演化趋势近似, 也由卵形演变到披针形或条形; (5)萼片内面无毛是原始现象, 而被毛则是衍生现象; (6)萼片顶端无突起是原始现象, 出现突起则为衍生现象; (7)花药形状由长圆形演变到狭长圆形和条形。根据上述演化趋势, 推测具较多原始特征的甘川铁线莲C. akebioides和甘青铁线莲C. tangutica为此组的原始种, 而具较多衍生特征的尾尖铁线莲C. caudigera和角萼铁线莲C. corniculata为此组的进化种。组成世界屋脊的青藏高原西缘、帕米尔高原和邻近山地集中分布有此组10种(包括7特有种), 当是此组的分布中心; 而甘川铁线莲和甘青铁线莲二种分布区的主要重叠部分所在的青藏高原东缘则可能是此组的起源中心。过去,一些铁线莲属专家将属于欧洲铁线莲组的C. ispahanica Boiss.和属于对枝铁线莲组的C. graveolens Lindl.误置于黄花铁线莲组中, 对此, 本文予以纠正。     

A revision of Hebeloma sect. Indusiata in the Nordic countries

A revision of Hebeloma sect. Indusiata in the Nordic countries has been undertaken. The type species of the genus, Agaricus fastibilis , is interpreted as being a non-veiled species, and therefore sect. Indusiata is the correct name for the section comprising the veiled, non-rooting species of Hebeloma. Subsect. Amygdalina subsect. nov. is proposed for species in sect. Indusiata possessing amygdaloid, dextrinoid spores. The following new taxa and combinations are proposed: Hebeloma mesophaeum var. crassipes var. non., H. mesophaeum var. lacteum nom. et stat. nov., H. polare sp. nov., H. sordescens sp. nov., H. atrobrunneum sp. nov., H. monticola sp. nov. and Agrocybe elatella comb. nov.     

Comparative anatomical and micromorphological studies on Teucrium creticum and Teucrium orientale var. orientale (T. sect. Teucrium, Lamiaceae)

Teucrium creticum L. and T. orientale L. var. orientale are two related taxa in Teucrium sect. Teucrium . In this study, the value of anatomical and micromorphological characters for distinguishing between these two taxa is analysed. Transverse sections of the stem, as well as both transverse and surface sections of the leaves were examined anatomically. According to the data obtained, collenchyma and sclerenchyma do grow more in T. creticum than in T. orientale var. orientale . The leaves of T. creticum are hypostomatic and have a characteristic hypodermis, which is under the upper epidermis, as well as abundant spherocrystals in the upper epidermis. The leaves of T. orientale var. orientale are amphistomatic, yet no spherocristals exists in epidermal cells and the hypodermis is absent. The results obtained from studies carried out under scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the nutlet micromorphology varies between the two taxa. In both taxa, the nutlet surfaces are reticulate and glandular. Eglandular hairs do occur. However, in T. orientale var. orientale , 20–60 μm long eglandular hairs with scabrid surface occur only along the margins of the nutlets, whereas the ¾ dorsal sides of the nutlets in T. creticum are all covered with 90–500 μm long, smooth-surfaced hairs. Additionally, while the glandular hairs on the nutlets of T. creticum are subsessile, those on the nutlets of T. orientale var. orientale are capitate and distinctly stalked.     

Nomenclatural notes on Erythroxylum sect. Rhabdophyllum (Erythroxylaceae): new synonyms and lectotypifications

In this paper we present new synonyms and typifications in Erythroxylum sect. Rhabdophyllum: four taxa are synonymized, three of which at the specific level and one at the infraspecific one, and fourteen lectotypifications are made.     

Analysis of morphological variation of the Acer tschonoskii complex in eastern Asia: implications of inflorescence size and number of flowers within sect. Macrantha

Flower and fruit specimens of 184 individuals were sampled to investigate patterns of intraspecific variation and to evaluate recognition of taxa within the Acer tschonoskii complex using morphometric analysis. Previous taxonomic treatments have considered A. tschonoskii var. rubripes (=  A. komarovii ) and A. tschonoskii var. tschonoskii to be separate species. The morphological discontinuity between these two taxa was evident in peduncle and pedicel length, and in number of flowers. In addition, the delimitations of some species within sect. Macrantha were clarified using these diagnostic characters. In view of the geographical distribution of the A. tschonoskii complex, which includes many taxa of sect. Macrantha from China to Japan through Korea, the long raceme with many flowers ( A. sikkimense ) and unlobed leaf are considered more primitive than the short raceme with a small number of flowers and five-lobed leaf ( A. maximowiczii and A. komarovii ). However, many intermediate taxa were present. This study also suggests that several Chinese taxa, such as A. metcalfii, A. taronense, A. hookeri and A. grosseri , may be subject to different taxonomic interpretation and should be reinvestigated morphologically.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143 , 29−42.     

Seven new species of Hieracium sect. Tridentata (Asteraceae) from Götaland,southern Sweden

Six new species of Hieracium sect. Tridentata, viz. H. piranhae, H. xanthochlorum, H. bertilssonii, H. erectiramum, H. rigescoides and H. subpardalinum are described from the Götaland region, southern Sweden and H. gothicum var. blekingense is raised to specific rank as H. blekingense.     

A new typification of Hieracium umbellatum (Asteraceae)

The Linnaean name Hieracium umbellatum has generally been understood in a very strict and clear sense. The original material comprises three specimens and a few illustrations, with a lectotype designated here in Burser's Hortus siccus (UPS). The earlier choice published by W. Lack was made from non-original material and was therefore not effective. The application of this name is confined to a variety generally known as H. umbellatum var. commune Fr. nom. illeg. (restricted here to the forms with almost entire, sublinear leaves), most proximate to H. umbellatum var. coronopifolium (Bernh. ex Hornem.) Wimm. et Grab.