草菇菌丝体提取物保鲜蘑菇的方法与机理的研究

本文首次报道以草菇菌丝体(Vovarieua Volvacea Mycelium)提取物[氨基酸和壳聚糖(Chitosan)]及其增效剂(ZnCl_2、ICH_2CONH_2)等复配成的保鲜液(pH=3.5)保鲜蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)的方法。用该保鲜液常温浸渍蘑菇一年,发现其对蘑菇有防腐、护色、抗衰老等保鲜作用,同时探讨其保鲜机理。     

荔枝果实采后生理及贮运保鲜技术研究进展

本文就荔枝采后生理及贮运保鲜技术研究进展进行简要评述。     

采后生理和果蔬保鲜

采后生理是研究鲜活园艺产品（水果、蔬菜和花卉）采后生理生化的变化规律及其调节控制机制,是制定鲜活园艺产品储藏保鲜的理论基础。一切有效的保鲜技术都是在采后生理生化变化的基础上制定。1．为什么贮藏保鲜越来越受到重视？采后的果蔬由于自身的衰老和病菌的感染,会引起大量腐烂变质,造成重大经济损失。同时由于人民生活水平的提高和外贸出口量的增加,以及园艺产品受产地和气候的限制,地区和季节差价大,易地交换可获得明显经济效益等原因,近二十年来我国贮藏保鲜和采后生理的研究发展非常迅速,已取得很大成果。2．后熟和贮的过…     

黄花菜的采后生理与保鲜技术研究进展

黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni,daylily)在我国有几千年的种植历史,是一种具有较高经济价值的特色蔬菜。通过对国、内外在黄花菜保鲜和贮藏的研究的了解,从黄花菜的生理、保鲜两方面对黄花菜的采后生理及保鲜技术进行了综述,同时也对黄花菜的应用价值进行了介绍。     

番荔枝果实采后生理与保鲜技术研究进展

番荔枝果实采后难以贮藏保鲜的特性制约着我国番荔枝产业的进一步发展。对国内外关于番荔枝果实采后呼吸强度及乙烯产量、相关酶类、果实软化、果实褐变等生理变化、采后病理及保鲜技术的研究进展作了综述。     

鲜食葡萄的采后生理及贮运保鲜

论述了葡萄的成熟及采后生理生化特性,采后的各种主要病害和次要病害以及鲜食葡萄的采后贮运方法和国际通用的葡萄保鲜方法──ＳＯ_２熏蒸法的原理和研究进展。     

切花的采后生理与保鲜

切花是花卉生产最主要的一个方面,要提高它的商品质量,就应该控制花的开放或发育以及维持其稳定的鲜度和颜色。但切花是一个切离母体的活体,代谢的营养源被割断,在相同的条件下,比留在母株上衰老变质得更快。影响切花采后衰老变质的因素很多,因此多年来国外对引起切花衰老、凋萎枯死的原因以及延衰保鲜的途径作了很多研究。     

棉籽壳栽培草菇高产技术

围绕提高棉籽壳栽培草菇单产,本文进行了菌种选育、栽培季节、培养料配方等试验。结果表明:V₂₅₈₃是一株优良菌株。接种量以干料重的6%为宜。我国北方地区于七、八月在温室或塑料大棚种植为好;在棉籽壳中加入辅料:麸皮10%、尿素和过磷酸钙各0.4%和磷酸二氢钾0.1%,较单用棉籽壳栽培可提高产量40%以上;辅料中以麸皮增产效果最佳;料水比以1:1.7时产量最高;用发酵料栽培比生料栽培可提高产量10%左右;用波浪式栽培法,分两层播种,覆土0.7cm左右,波谷厚达3cm,产量高。采取上述综合措     

草菇9715液体菌种培养过程的生理变化及培养终点

【背景】草菇是最具中国特色的食用菌品种之一,其消费量逐年增加,产业发展潜力巨大。液体菌种应用于草菇栽培是其工厂化生产的发展趋势,目前关于草菇液体菌种的研究主要集中在优化配方和生长条件,有关草菇液体菌种培养过程中菌丝活性的研究较少。【目的】研究草菇液体菌种培养过程中的生理活性变化,并确定其培养终点。【方法】对草菇液体菌种培养过程中菌丝体干重、蛋白含量、培养液pH值、糖度、还原糖含量、酶活性等进行测定与分析。【结果】草菇液体菌种在培养84h后,菌丝干重增长减缓,pH值、糖度、还原糖含量逐渐减少,纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性逐渐降低,培养96 h后,菌丝体蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,培养液蛋白含量则呈上升趋势。【结论】草菇9715液体菌种培养终点应控制在84-96h,研究结果可为9715液体菌种应用于草菇工厂化生产提供重要参考。     

用分子生物学技术对草菇进行菌株鉴别

利用ＡＰ－ＰＣＲ和ＲＡＰＤ技术对三个草菇菌株进行鉴别,其结果与用草菇菌株Ｖ３４基因文库中的中等重复序列为探针进行限制性内切酶长度多态性分析（ＲＦＬＰ）,及对编码核糖体５．８ＳｒＲＮＡ的ＤＮＡ（ｒＤＮＡ）进行ＰＣＲ扩增后的产物进行限制性内切酶长主多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）的结果相一致。这一结果显示出用这四种方法对草菇菌株进行鉴别具有相似的效果。同时用这四种方法构建的分子生物学标记显示出这三个菌株     

Molecular cloning, and characterization of a modular acetyl xylan esterase from the edible straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea

A new Volvariella volvacea gene encoding an acetyl xylan esterase (designated as Vvaxe1) was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The cDNA contained an ORF of 1047 bp encoding 349 amino acids with a calculated mass of 39 990 Da. VvAXE1 is a modular enzyme consisting of an N-terminal signal peptide, a catalytic domain, and a cellulose-binding domain. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme exhibited a high degree of similarity to cinnamoyl esterase B from Penicillium funiculosum, and acetyl xylan esterases from Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium purpurogenum, and Aspergillus ficuum. Recombinant acetyl xylan esterase released acetate from several acetylated substrates including beta-d-xylose tetraacetate and acetylated xylan. No activity was detectable on p-nitrophenyl acetate. Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate was maximal at pH 8.0 and 60 degrees C, and reciprocal plots revealed an apparent K(m) value of 307.7 microM and a V(max) value of 24 733 IU micromol(-1) protein. ReAXE1 also exhibited a capacity to bind to Avicel and H(3)PO(4) acid-swollen cellulose.     

草菇基因组中的tRNA分析

草菇(V olvariella volvacea),又名中国蘑菇,是一种生长于中国和东南亚的重要经济食用菌。本文基于本实验室的草菇基因组测序结果,分析了草菇基因组中的tRNA情况。草菇基因组的302个框架中,共发现了177个tRNA基因,其中有7个可能的假基因,有2个携带硒代半胱氨酸,一个抑制性tRNA基因和一个未知的异型结构tRNA。除了上述11个特殊的tRNA基因外,166个tRNA可按反密码子类型分成47类。与其它5种担子菌的基因组tRNA比较,草菇的tRNA数量处于第4位,少于鬼伞、裂褶菌、灵芝,多于双孢蘑菇和平菇。通过比较分析草菇及这5种大型真菌的基因组tRNA编码情况,首次报道了几种食用菌tRNA遵守修正的摆动假说的情况。另外,草菇的同功受体tRNA非编码子序列也具有差异性,对tRNA的分析将有助于进一步研究草菇的进化。     

Induction of laccase activity in the edible straw mushroom,Volvariella volvacea

Volvariella volvacea, strain V14, produces multiple forms of extracellular laccase when grown in submerged culture in a defined medium with glucose as sole carbon source, and on cotton waste 'compost' representative of the conditions used for industrial-scale mushroom cultivation. In liquid culture, enzyme synthesis is associated with the onset of secondary growth, and is positively regulated by copper (up to 200 microM CuSO(4)) and by various aromatic compounds. In solid-state systems, only low levels of laccase are detectable during the vegetative growth phase but enzyme activity increases sharply at the onset of fruiting and during sporophore development.     

Interspecific hybridization between Volvariella volvacea and V. bombycina by PEG-induced protoplast fusion

Interspecific hybridization between Volvariella volvacea and V. bombycina was studied using the protoplast fusion technique. The fusion frequency was found to be in the range of 0.032 to 0.333%. Protoplasts from various hybrids were released and regenerated to determine whether they were heterokaryons. In all regenerated colonies, both parental types could not be recovered at the same time. The nuclear DNA contents of hybrids were compared with their parents, and no diploid (parent 1 genome plus parent 2 genome) was found. Some hybrids revealed novel fragments in mitochondrial rDNA PCR profiles, which indicated that rearrangement of mtDNA could have occurred after fusion. Results from arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprints also revealed that the majority of hybrids were similar to one parental type, but heterologous fragments were found in some hybrids.     

草菇低温诱导蛋白研究初探

对低温处理的草菇Volvariella volvacea菌丝体的可溶性蛋白进行分析,发现草菇菌丝在低温协迫中有新的可溶性蛋白产生,应用电泳技术分离纯化了草菇菌丝体中的一个低温诱导蛋白,经等电聚焦分析,该蛋白质的等电点6.79,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析该蛋白质是由分子最为70kD和48kD的两条多肽所组成。     

THP基因的重新克隆及草菇表达载体的构建

草菇 (Ｖｏｌｖａｒｉｅｌｌａｖｏｌｖａｃｅａ)是一种高温型的食用菌 ,在 4℃低温条件下 ,其菌丝自溶死亡 ,子实体发软、液化直至腐烂[1～ 3 ] 。草菇的这一特性严重地限制了草菇的生产、新鲜草菇的流通、低温冷冻保鲜和出口创汇以及草菇菌种的低温冷冻储藏。草菇是同宗结合的真菌 ,生活史复杂[4 ] ,菌丝没有锁状联合 ,杂种选择缺乏标记 ,这给草菇的杂交育种带来极大的困难[5,6] 。基因工程的发展为解决草菇不耐低温冷藏这一难题提供了可能。ＴＨＰ(ＴｈｅｒｍａｌＨｙｓｔｅｒｅｓｉｓＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ)基因—热滞后蛋白基因 ,是加拿大科学…     

草菇菌丝体与原基差异表达基因分析

采用Solexa测序技术,对草菇菌丝体和原基进行了数字基因表达谱(DGE)测序,在菌丝体和原基文库中分别得到5701781个和5659262个高质量测序标签(cleantags),对应的标签种数(distinct clean tags)分别为85626和95363。将所有高质量测序标签与参考基因库进行比对,在菌丝体和原基文库中,占标签种数的43.32%和52.57%的标签可以唯一定位(map)到参考序列上,占标签种数的21.65%和21.47%的标签可以被定位到基因组序列上。最终,被菌丝体和原基标签唯一定位的基因数(unambiguous tag-mapped genes)分别为14794和15534。差异基因分析显示,两个文库中共有显著性差异表达的基因4163个,其中在原基中上调、下调的基因数分别为2486和1677,只在原基中表达的基因321个。经过Blastnr比对,在原基中特异表达的基因,涉及蛋白质(氨基酸)合成与代谢、糖代谢、脂类代谢和抗逆反应等多个代谢途径。GO功能富集分析结果表明,葡萄糖、己糖和乙醇等代谢途径大部分基因下调表达。Pathway功能富集分析结果表明,合成核糖体蛋白的基因均下调表达,表明原基形成时细胞代谢减弱,蛋白质合成量减小。     

The effect of lipids and temperature on the physiology and growth ofVolvariella volvacea

Vegetable oils promoted mycelial growth ofVolvariella volvacea. Ethyl esters of major components of saponified fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid) from vegetable oils were stimulatory. The stimulatory effect of these fatty acids varied with concentration and degree of unsaturation; relatively high concentrations being inhibitory. Mycelial growth appears to be promoted by low concentrations of fatty acids. Supplementation of growth medium with sunflower oil altered membrane permeability and this resulted in an increased uptake of glucose. The total mycelial lipids accounted for only 30% of consumed lipids, the remainder being metabolized. The failure of the fungus to adjust the degree of unsaturation in membrane lipids when it was transferred to 0°C may partially explain its susceptibility to chilling injury.