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马铃薯晚疫病抗性基因分子标记检测及抗性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
马铃薯是重庆优势特色作物之一,但其安全生产受到晚疫病的严重威胁。马铃薯生产中种植抗病品种是防控马铃薯晚疫病最为经济有效和环境友好的途径。为了了解来自国内外不同种质的晚疫病抗性基因组成以及确定在重庆市具有晚疫病抗性的马铃薯品种(系),本研究以218份来自国内外的品种(系)为材料,进行了6个晚疫病抗性(R)基因分子标记检测,同时进行了田间晚疫病抗性评价及室内接种鉴定和筛选。研究结果显示,6个R基因的分子标记在供试材料中均有分布,但分子标记的组成不尽相同,主要分为4大类。第Ⅰ类含有具有广谱抗性基因的RB,晚疫病抗性评价表现为中抗以上;第Ⅲ类缺失R2 family基因标记,绝大部分表现为晚疫病敏感型;第Ⅱ类和第Ⅳ类中分别主要含有3个R基因(R2 Family+R3a+R3b)标记类型和4个R基因(R1+R2 Family+R3a+R3b)标记类型,这两类材料中表现出一定比例的晚疫病抗性水平,但第Ⅳ类中出现抗性表现的比例高于第Ⅱ类。结果说明含有RB基因标记贡献了较高的晚疫病抗性,缺失R2 famlily基因标记的材料可能不利于晚疫病抗性,利用这些基因标记辅助筛选有助于提高重庆地区晚疫病抗性育种效率。本研究评价了218份马铃薯材料6个重要R基因组成,并筛选出重庆地区表现抗性的多个材料,为新品种(系)的推广应用以及抗病育种选育提供了科学依据,同时为发掘新的抗病基因提供了遗传资源。 相似文献
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马铃薯抗晚疫病转基因的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
晚疫病是影响马铃薯最严重的一种真菌性病害,农业技术的综合应用、化学药剂的使用对晚疫病的防治存在种种弊端。因此,寻找新的抗病基因型,获得抗晚疫病的转基因新品种一直是马铃薯抗晚疫病的主要任务。本文简要介绍了马铃薯晚疫病的危害及防治,着重对从Osmotin蛋白诱导抗性、病原诱导葡萄糖氧化酶(GO)基因表达生成H2O2获得抗性、Harpin蛋白基因表达诱导抗性途径对马铃薯抗晚疫病转基因研究进展进行了综述,同时对转基因植物的生物安全性作了评价。 相似文献
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Resource 2003年10卷9期4页报道:已知马铃薯晚疫病是由疫霉(Phytophthora spp.)引起的严重的真菌病。目前美国商业种植的全部马铃薯品种均高度易感马铃薯晚疫病。为了防治这种病害,最近美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的植物病理学教授和美国农业部农业研究署的研究员John Helgeson及其同事已利用基因工程,将从墨西哥野生马铃薯(Solanum bulaocastanum)基因组中分离出来的抗马铃薯晚疫病的单基因,转移于栽培马铃薯。结果证实,这些转基因马铃薯可成功地抵抗多种疫霉的感染。 相似文献
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抗病转基因育种中基因资源的应用与研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物病害的防治是农业生产的主要环节,抗病育种是一个关键而有效的解决方法.随着转基因育种的兴起,抗病转基因育种也得到了很大的发展.本文就近年来抗病转基因育种过程中所利用的基因资源进行综述,试图从抗菌物质、植物的抗性基因、代谢途径中的关键酶、各类激活蛋白和调控基因等方面阐述所利用基因资源的挖掘思路,总结各类抗病基因资源挖掘策略,探索性地提出一些今后可能应用的基因资源,拓宽可供挖掘的基因资源种类,提出合理有效的抗病基因资源克隆策略. 相似文献
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Components of Resistance to Early Blight in Four Potato Cultivars: Effect of Leaf Position 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. A. Dita Rodriguez S. H. Brommonschenkel K. Matsuoka E. S. G. Mizubuti 《Journal of Phytopathology》2006,154(4):230-235
Components of early blight resistance were quantified in leaves of different ages in four potato cultivars. The components of resistance: incubation period (IP), lesion number (LN), early blight severity, lesion expansion rate (LER), latent period (LP) and spore production by lesion area (SPLA), were evaluated separately in the lower, middle and upper leaves of four potato cultivars. Plants of cultivar Aracy (resistant), Delta (moderately resistant), Desirée (susceptible) and Bintje (susceptible) were inoculated with an Alternaria solani isolate at the beginning of the flowering stage. Disease severity varied in different plant parts. In all cultivars, regardless of resistance, the smallest values of LN, and severity were recorded on the upper leaves, suggesting that young tissues are less susceptible. In cultivar Aracy, the IP was long, with small values of LN and LER and consequently, low values of early blight severity in all leaf positions were recorded. Although IP was long in cultivar Aracy, no differences between the moderately resistant cultivar Delta and the susceptible cultivars Bintje and Desirée could be detected for this component. The IP was only influenced by leaf position in cultivar Aracy. Clear differences in resistance levels among cultivars could be detected regarding LN, severity and LER. However, neither LP nor SPLA were associated with resistance level of cultivars or with leaf position. Analyses according to plant part suggest that evaluations on leaves of the middle third part are most suitable for screening for early blight resistance in potato. 相似文献
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Ya. S. Panina N. G. Gerasimova G. I. Chalenko N. I. Vasyukova O. L. Ozeretskovskaya 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2005,52(4):511-515
In tuber tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) infected with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the contents of free and bound salicylic acid (SA) considerably exceeded the corresponding indices in the tissues infected with a compatible race of the oomycete. The accumulation of the free form of SA apparently resulted from both enhanced SA biosynthesis and the liberation from the bound SA forms. SA accumulation in the incompatible host-pathogen combination presumes that SA participated in the local potato resistance to late blight.__________Translated from Fiziologiya Rastenii, Vol. 52, No. 4, 2005, pp. 573–577.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Panina, Gerasimova, Chalenko, Vasyukova, Ozeretskovskaya. 相似文献
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N. V. Rodríguez B. Kowalski L. G. Rodríguez I. B. Caraballoso M. A. Suárez P. O. Pérez C. R. Quintana N. González R. Q. Ramos 《Journal of Phytopathology》2007,155(10):582-586
Reaction to the culture filtrate of Alternaria solani (Sorauer) was used as an indicator in an in vitro screening test to select lines with decreased field susceptibility to early blight from a population of 1000 putative mutants. Plantlets of cv. ‘Desirée derived from irradiated callus of potato were inoculated in vitro with a culture filtrate of A. solani (Sorauer). Of the 45 lines selected and subsequently evaluated under conditions of natural infection in the greenhouse six showed lesser degrees of early blight infection than the cv. Desirée control. The six lines selected in the greenhouse retained lower degrees of infection during 2 years of field trials. 相似文献
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Based on quantitative measurement of components of field resistance of potatoes to late blight, a multiple linear regression equation is derived for laboratory estimation of Area Under Disease Progress Curve. The equation accounts for 82% of variation in Area Under Disease Progress Curve. Transformation of data or inclusion of more terms do not improve the equation significantly. The method is suggested as a replacement or supplement to field testing. 相似文献
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Late blight (LB), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, and early blight (EB), caused by the fungi Alternaria solani and A. tomatophila, are two common and destructive foliar diseases of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the United States and elsewhere in the world. While LB can infect and devastate tomato plants at any developmental stages, EB infection is usually associated with plant physiological maturity and fruit load where older senescing plants exhibit greater susceptibility and a heavy fruit set enhances the disease. At present, cultural practices and heavy use of fungicides are the most common measures for controlling LB and EB. Genetic resources for resistance have been identified for both diseases, largely within the tomato wild species, in particular the red-fruited species S. pimpinellifolium and the green-fruited species S. habrochaites. A few race-specific major resistance genes (e.g., Ph-1, Ph-2 and Ph-3) and several race-nonspecific resistance QTLs have been reported for LB. Ph-3 is a strong resistance gene and has been incorporated into many breeding lines of fresh market and processing tomato. However, new P. infestans isolates have been identified which overcome Ph-3 resistance. Recently, a new resistance gene (Ph-5) has been identified, which confers resistance to several pathogen isolates including those overcoming the previous resistance genes. Advanced breeding lines including Ph-5 alone and in combinations with Ph-2 and Ph-3 are being developed. Genetic controls of EB resistance have been studied and advanced breeding lines and cultivars with improved resistance have been developed through traditional breeding. Additionally, QTLs for EB resistance have been identified, which can be utilized for marker-assisted resistance breeding. Currently, new inbred lines and cultivars of tomato with good levels of EB resistance and competitive yield performance are being developed at the Pennsylvania State University. This review will focus on the current knowledge of both LB and EB with respect to the causal pathogens, host resistances, and genetics and breeding progresses. 相似文献