The sonniniid ammonite Euhoploceras from the Middle Jurassic of south-west England and southern Spain

A biostratigraphical and taxonomic revision of the genus Euhoploceras is presented using new material collected from the Upper Aalenian–Lower Bajocian of south-west England and the Betic Cordillera (Spain). Euhoploceras is shown to range from the uppermost Aalenian (Concavum Zone, Limitatum Subzone) to the Lower Bajocian (Laeviuscula Zone). S. S. Buckman's 69 species of Sonninia are grouped into three macroconch morphospecies: Euhoploceras acanthodes (Buckman), strongly ornamented, with tubercles and strong ribs throughout ontogeny; Euhoploceras marginatum (Buckman) with tuberculate inner whorls and relatively strong ribs persisting to the outer whorls, and Euhoploceras modestum (Buckman) with ribbed, sometimes slightly tuberculate inner whorls, becoming smooth or only slightly ornamented in later stages of coiling. Euhoploceras adicrum (Waagen) is a younger species with a type horizon in the Laeviuscula Zone. Dimorphism and possible polymorphism are present in both English and Spanish faunas. Euhoploceras subspinosum (Buckman) probably represents dwarf forms of E. acanthodes [M] and is included as a junior synonym of the latter; likewise, E. subdecoratum (Buckman) may belong with E. marginatum [M], although they are described separately herein. Some of the microconchs of Euhoploceras [M] are probably represented by Nannoceras . Similarities between English and Betic Euhoploceras confirm that during late Aalenian–earliest Bajocian times, the English and Spanish palaeobiogeographical regions were connected. The ammonite assemblages revised here come from the Concavum to Ovalis zones.     

Neue Beispiele für den Regenerationsmechanismus bei verletzten und kranken Ammoniten

With the aid of new finds of anomalous ammonoids from the Franconian Jura, the phenomenon of the “Rippensdieitelung” is again discussed. Duplication of the keel in connection with “sculptural compensation” is represented as a new type of regeneration (forma duplicarinata n. f.). Two anomalies are defined as probable attacks of parasites and are called forma inflata n. f.     

鮊属和红鮊属模式种的订正

鲤科鮊亚科中的鱼类是东亚特有的一个类群,在我国分布甚广,种类较多,为常见的经济鱼类.有关鱼类的分类已有不少学者作过研究,本文主要讨论Cutter alburnus Basilewsky和Cutter erythropterus Basilewsky两个种的性状经订正后而涉及鮊属(Cutter)和红舶属(Erythroculter),与模式种的性状相一致的问题,并根据现有材料将鮊鱼类进行分类整理.       

茄子花粉形态特征及分类研究

应用环境扫描电镜对28份茄子栽培种及近缘种花粉形态、外壁纹饰等作了系统观察和比较分析。结果表明,所有供试材料花粉均为长球形,具3萌发沟,以等间距环状分布,沟延伸到两极;花粉外壁纹饰均为颗粒状。不同材料花粉粒在大小、外壁纹饰特征方面存在不同程度的差异,花粉粒大小可以作为推断茄子栽培种内不同果形品种演化的依据。对一些典型的花粉形态性状进行聚类分析,结果将茄子分为栽培种和近缘种两大类,聚类分析结果与传统分类结果具有一定的一致性。     

论泥盆纪腕足动物Yunnanella和Nayunnella属

腕足动物Yunnanella和Nayunnella两属在我国分布很广 ,是晚泥盆世法门期重要的带化石之一。由于命名等问题 ,迄今 ,这两属的使用在国内外仍比较混乱。Sartenaer (196 1a ,196 2 )根据国际动物命名法规提出 ,YunnanellaGrabau ,192 3和NayunnellaSartenaer ,196 1两属的命名是有效的 ,它们的模式种分别是Yunnanellahanburii (Davidson ,185 3)和YunnanellasynplicataGrabau ,1931。YunnanellaGrabau ,1931是YunnanellaGrabau ,192 3的异物同名 ,YunnanellinaGrabau ,1931是YunnanellaGrabau ,192 3的同物异名。研究认为 ,Sartenaer(196 1a ,196 2 )的观点符合国际动物命名法规的优先原则 ,应予采纳     

Modelling various sculptures in the Cretaceous bivalve Inoceramus hobetsensis

The geometry of the external shell sculpture in the Late Cretaceous inoceramid bivalve Inoceramus hobetsensis Nagao & Matsumoto, 1939 was studied both empirically and theoretically. A large sample, collected from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan, shows remarkably high intraspecific variation in the shell sculptural pattern. Quasi-commarginal ribs, slightly oblique to the external growth increments, occur in some specimens. These sculptures are commonly irregular in strength and spacing, and their features are successfully modelled by computer simulations when the commarginal ribs are superposed with nearly concentric divaricate rib. Computer models indicate that the divergent sculpture element, often found in other inoceramids, was present throughout the evolution of I. hobetsensis and was developing in the evolutionary lineage from I. hobetsensis nonsulcatus to I. hobetsensis hobetsensis, although it was only weakly expressed. The results also suggest that some apparently distinct sculptural patterns of I. hobetsensis are the result of minor changes in the morphogenetic program.     

晚泥盆世腕足动物中国石燕(Sinospirifer)之修订

通过对保存在南京地质古生物研究所的弓石燕类模式标本(由葛利普最早研究)的再研究,作者认为,Sinospirifer Grabau,193l仍是一个有效属。它与Cyrtospirfer Nalivkin,1924的主要区别在于腹壳后部强烈加厚、假三角板中央具有肉茎管以及在壳褶及褶间均发育微瘤(whitneyi—subextensus型的微细纹饰)。Tien(1938)指定S．sinensis Grabau,1931作为Sinospirifer的模式种,因为它与S．subextensus(Martelli,1902)有着相同的形态构造,包括壳形、壳率、中槽壳线型式、中央肉茎管、微细纹饰及内部构造等,所以Ssinensis应是S．subextensus(Martelli,1902)的次同义名,Sinospirifer的模式种应更改为S．subextensus。此外,S．archiaciformis,S.wan-gleighi,S．vilis,S．subhavasakai,S．pellizzarii,S.pellizzariformis和S．heterosinosus几个种在外部及内部构造上也与Ssubextensus相同,同样被视作为S．subextensus的次同义名。葛利普文中所列举的所谓几个种之间的区分特征已在湖南中部同一地点同一层位所采集的同一样品的标本中观察到,它们仅仅是种内变异的现象。对于以往不同种的标本被归人同种的情况,作者均作了修订,例如,S．vilis Grabau,1931实际代表几个种标本的混合体,经修订,分别被归于Siplospirifer subextensus,“Sinospirifer”hayasakai,Tenticospirifer supervilis等。S．sub—hayasakai Grabau,1931仅限于正模为代表的特征,被归于Sinospirifer subextensus,而两个副模标本(NIGP 2736和2740)则应归人”Sinospirifer”gortanioides Grabau,1931。     

Morphological evolution of silica scales in the freshwater genus Synura (Stramenopiles)

A high degree of morphological variability is expressed between the ornately sculptured siliceous scales formed by species in the chrysophycean genus, Synura. In this study, we aimed to uncover the general principles and trends underlying the evolution of scale morphology in this genus. We assessed the relationships among thirty extant Synura species using a robust molecular analysis that included six genes, coupled with morphological characterization of the species‐specific scales. The analysis was further enriched with addition of morphological information from fossil specimens and by including the unique modern species, Synura punctulosa. We inferred the phylogenetic position of the morphologically unique S. punctulosa, to be an ancient Synura lineage related to S. splendida in the section Curtispinae. Some morphological traits, including development of a keel or a labyrinth ribbing pattern on the scale, appeared once in evolution, whereas other structures, such as a hexagonal meshwork pattern, originated independently several times over geologic time. We further uncovered numerous construction principles governing scale morphology and evolution, as follows: (i) scale roundness and pore diameter decreased during evolution; (ii) elongated scales became strengthened by a higher number of struts or ribs; (iii) as a consequence of scale biogenesis, scales with spines possessed smaller basal holes than scales with a keel and; and (iv) the keel area was proportional to scale area, indicating its potential value in strengthening the scale against breakage.     

Aquacultural importance of the integumental pore pattern in postlarval whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

The analysis of integumental pore pattern has identified two intraspecific groups of postlarval shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), a species of which three to five natural populations or groups are expected to be found from Mexico to Peru. Natural distribution and man-made redistributions have not been typified on a population basis in any penaeid, but it is important to do so in this commercially significant group. Important factors to be defined on a geographic population or group basis include differences in domesticity (eg resistance to pathological agents); food conversion indexes and food preferences; growth indices; tolerance to stress of various origins and other attributes useful in aquaculture. This consideration is valid not only for L. vannamei but also for any other shrimp species that has been the object of artificial redistribution.     

SPORE TETRAD STRUCTURES OF POSSIBLE HEPATIC AFFINITY FROM THE AUSTRALIAN LOWER CARBONIFEROUS

Palynological studies of Early Carboniferous (Viséan) sediments of the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, northwestern Australia, reveal the presence of intact tetrahedral spore tetrads (here described as Sagenotetradites gen. nov.) and, more usually, of their disjunct spore portions which had previously been interpreted as dispersed whole-miospore species. Two species of the new tetrad genus are recognized: S. bonapartensis (Playford) comb, nov., as type species; and S. spiritensis (Playford) comb. nov. The species are distinguished, as originally, on the basis of sculptural attributes of their distal exoexines. When intact, both species share a common internal “binding” element (“Cadiospora abrupta” Playford, 1971) composed of the fused proximal exoexinal faces of all four spores of a given tetrad. Morphological comparisons with modern hepatic spores suggest an alliance of the microfossils with the order Sphaerocarpales. The occurrence of Sagenotetradites in exclusively marine sediments suggests that its parent plants grew in close proximity to the marine depositional basin. Moreover, the morphological attributes of the tetrads would appear to have facilitated dissemination by water.     

Systematic revision and palaeobiogeography of Perisphinctes Waagen (Ammonoidea) from the Oxfordian of Kutch,India: Stratigraphic and evolutionary implications

Perisphinctes Waagen, 1869 is an important genus of the Oxfordian. In many areas the taxon has been excessively and subjectively split. Based on the material collected in Kutch (India), including the type specimens, we have grouped eight species previously described as distinct into one biological species, Perisphinctes indogermanus Waagen, 1875. It is characterized by strong sexual dimorphism. Macroconch shows high intraspecific variability. Microconch is previously described from Kutch in different generic names. Thirteen species of Dichotomosphinctes Buckman, 1926, Perisphinctes Waagen, 1869 and Lithacoceras Hyatt, 1900 are considered here as microconch which is lappeted. The precise age of P. indogermanus is disputed. A detailed stratigraphic analysis of several sections in this study suggests that the species ranges from early to middle Oxfordian. Perisphinctes indogermanus is distinct from other contemporary species of the world and abundant in the Indo-Madagascan Province. Kutch population of P. indogermanus has developed virgatotome style of ribbing in juvenile stage. During the middle Oxfordian marine transgression, the species along with many other ammonites of deeper habitat of the mainland basin reached the shallow shelf of eastern fringe of the Kutch Sea. Being peripherally isolated, it soon underwent an adaptive radiation that resulted in the origination of a new family Ataxioceratidae Buckman, 1921 whose members have neotenously retained the virgatotome ribbing in adult stage. The ataxioceratids later migrated to Europe and flourished during the Kimmeridgian.     

A review of some Cretaceous and Tertiary serpulid polychaetes of the genera Cementula and Spiraserpula Regenhardt 1961,Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim 1979 andProtectoconorca JÄger 1983

The genus Cementula was proposed by Nielsen (1931) without designating a type species. Regenhardt (1961) made the name Cementula available by designating Cementula sphaerica Nielsen 1931 as its type. Regenhardt (1961) and Lommerzheim (1979) retain Cementula as a genus distinct from Spiraserpula Regenhardt 1961, while JÄger (1983) synonymizes the latter with the former. Re-examination of their types, however, revealed an important additional character for retaining them as distinct genera, the presence of internal longitudinal ridges in Spiraserpula, which are absent in Cementula. Two other genera, Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim 1979 and Protectoconorca JÄger 1983 were also examined, but they lack such internal tube structures. This study yielded an available name among fossil genera, namely, Spiraserpula Regenhardt 1961, for several living Serpula-like species with internal tube structures, to be described in a separate paper.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litomosoides</Emphasis> Chandler, 1931 (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the long-nosed hocicudo <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oxymycterus nasutus</Emphasis> Waterhouse (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Uruguay

A new species of Litomosoides Chandler, 1931 was collected from the abdominal cavity of Oxymycterus nasutus Waterhouse (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the grassland of the Departamento Rocha, Uruguay. Litomosoides nasuti n. sp. belongs to the ‘sigmodontis group’, and is characterised by: salient amphids; two ventral and one dorsal labial papillae, but no cephalic papillae; a buccal capsule with a transparent anterior segment and an annular asymmetrical thickening; a muscular oesophagus; a bottle-shaped buccal cavity; the male with symmetrically situated cloacal papillae (one pair ad-cloacal and three pairs post-cloacal); phasmids displaced laterally to the longitudinal axis; and microfilariae without terminal nuclei in the tail tip. It resembles five known species; three of which have been recovered from Oxymycterus spp. in neighbouring countries. However, the new species can be differentiated from L. sigmodontis Chandler, 1931 by the shape and size of the buccal capsule; from L. navonae Notarnicola, 2005 by the muscular oesophagus; from L. legerae Bain, Petit & Berteaux, 1980 by the length of the oesophagus and the cephalic papillae; from L. anguyai Notarnicola, Bain & Navone, 2002 by the absence of lappets in the female tail; and from L. oxymycteri Notarnicola, Bain & Navone, 2000 by absence of pre-cloacal papillae. L. legerae from O. quaestor and L. sigmodontis from Sigmodon hispidus in North America are closely related species, as indicated by Brant & Gardner’s phylogenetic tree based on morphological characters. However, a new analysis is needed to include the recently described Argentinean species for a better understanding of the diversification of this genus.     

Étude morphologique et anatomiquede Rhynchonelloidea ruthenensis (Reynès, 1868) justification de la distinction des genres Rhynchonelloidea Buckman, 1914 et Homoeorhynchia Buckman, 1914 (Brachiopoda)

In the course of researches on the fauna of «calcaires bajociens á bryozoaires of Aveyron départment (France), numerous collects of shells named Rhynchonelloidea ruthenensis (Reynès), type-species of genus RhynchonelloideaBuckman, in two localities enabled to do a morphologic study of this species with populations analysis. Internal characters have been shown both by serial sections and by direct observation of dissected shells. A comparison of genus Rhynchonelloidea and Homoeorhynchia, till now either distinct or considered synonymous according to authors, has been realised. Internal characters of Homoeorhynchia acuta (Sow.) have been precised. The two genus are distinct by beak and foramen's characters, by presence or lack of costulation on the beak and dorsal umbo, by the number of ribs, by presence or lack of septalium and by the development of median dorsal septum.The stratigraphical range of R. ruthenensis is:Upper Toarcian, Aalensis zone-Lower Aalenian, Opalinum zone.     

Reappraisal of the latest Albian (Mortoniceras fallax Zone) cephalopod fauna from the classical Salazac locality (Gard,southeastern France)

The Salazac locality (Gard, southeastern France) is renowned for the richness of its cephalopod fauna (especially ammonites) from the Mortoniceras fallax Zone (uppermost Albian, Lower Cretaceous). However, most ammonite species have paradoxically been scarcely illustrated up to now. Furthermore, the rare assessments of ammonite taxonomic diversity are presumably inaccurate, as they either result from a drastic typological approach or could not benefit from the most recent advances in modern concepts of ammonoid intraspecific and ontogenetic variations. In this work, we document an original cephalopod assemblage from Salazac represented by abundant, well-preserved specimens (564 studied ammonites, including ca. 50% of heteromorphs) constituting a high diversity. The sample size and quality of this new material allowed some extensive morphological and biometric analyses whenever possible (i.e., for subdatasets in which a significant number of measurements is available) and to thoroughly assess intraspecific and ontogenetic variations for a few species. This led to determine the diagnostic value of various shell characters commonly used to characterize both well-documented and poorly-defined species. In particular, we show that a significant part of the variation in the number of ribs per whorl within the heteromorphic genera Mariella and Turrilitoides is directly related to shell size and that the strength of tubercles covaries negatively with the number of ribs in Mariella, therefore challenging the diagnostic value of these characters. We further suggest that rib density covaries with whorl shape in Mariella, following Buckman’s first rule of covariation. In total, one species of nautilid and 38 taxa (25 genera) of ammonites are described, among which five species are documented from Salazac for the first time. In turn, this study provides valuable data for future phylogenetic, biostratigraphical, biogeographical and broad-scale diversity studies.     

高腹菌属一新种

高腹菌属(Gautieria Vitt.)是高腹菌目(Gautieriales)高腹菌科(Gautieriaceae)仅有的一个属。全世界已报道约30种(含变种)。国内尚未报道过本属。本文报道采自河北省承德地区的新种:以其子实体气味浓香,产孢组织腔较大,孢子大,顶端钝并具脐状凹和脐突等特征而有别于已报道的孢子大、子实体香的诸种,命名为承德高腹菌(Gautieria chengdensis Yingsp.nov.)     

中国华东地区孤雌生殖的滨棘虫兆属一新种记述及DNA条形码分析（弹尾纲：棘虫兆科）

记述中国华东地区上海市的滨棘虫兆属1新种:后滩滨棘虫兆Thalassaphorura houtanensis sp.nov.。该种与T.encarpata(Denis,1931)近似,二者均具有A型下唇和相同的假眼式,但可通过爪的形状、下唇毛序、下颚须和腹管加以区分;实验室内的繁殖实验证明该种为严格孤雌生殖种类;同时,对该新种的DNA条形码序列进行了测定分析,发现该新种的种内遗传变异平均为0.18%,介于0~0.46%之间。