显微受精废弃的人类卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活

以卵胞浆单精注射(intracytoplasmic sperm iinjection,ICSI)后废弃的未成熟人类卵母细胞(生发泡期卵母细胞(the germinal vesicle,GV)和第一次减数分裂中期卵母细胞(the metaphase,MI))为材料,使用卵母细胞体外成熟培养液培养未成熟的卵母细胞,分别在人类绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotrophin,hCG)注射后45、60、84 h观察卵母细胞成熟情况.分别使用钙离子载体(calcium ionophore,CI)A23187联合6-二甲基氨基嘌吟(6-DMAP)法或精子提取物卵胞质内注射(sperm extracts intracytoplasmic inieotion,SEII)法两种不同的激活方法对体外成熟MII的卵母细胞进行孤雌激活,评价其体外发育潜能.MI卵子体外成熟率要显著高于GV(75.2%vs 30.6%)(P＜0.01).与CI/6-DMAP法相比使用SEII/6-DMAP法在激活率(87.5%vs 70.2%)上要明显高于CI/6-IDMAP法(P＜0.05),但在卵裂率(65.7%vs 72.5%)和桑囊率(0%vs 5.0%)上SEII/6-DMAP法要低于CI/6-DMAP法.注射hCG 45 h组的卵母细胞激活率(91.3%vs 57.9%)、卵裂率(85.7%vs 57.9%)及桑囊率(9.5%vs 0%)均显著高于注射hCG 60 h组(P＜0.01).56.8%(117/206)的ICSI废弃的未成熟卵母细胞可以在体外发育成熟,激活后具有一定的发育潜能,卵龄对卵母细胞的质量和发育能力影响较大.     

绵羊体外成熟卵母细胞的电激活及其在体外孤雌发育的研究

首先对绵羊卵母细胞收集及其体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）条件进行了摸索,然后对影响电刺激激活ＩＶＭ卵母细胞的因素进行了研究,观察激活后卵母细胞在体外的发育能力。结果表明,剥离法比注射器吸卵法所获得的卵母细胞成熟率高,激活更加正常。剥离法收集的卵母细胞体外成熟培养２７小时后,以含０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＣａＣｌ２、０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＭｇＳＯ４和１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ组氨酸的０．２８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ肌醇（ｉｎｏｓｉｔｏｌ）作基     

牛卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

牛卵母细胞的成熟过程中,包括细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核的成熟。其中细胞质的成熟最为复杂。线粒体、皮质颗粒数量的变化和位移,脂滴类型的变化和形态改变,空泡形态学的变化等是鉴别卵母细胞幼稚、成熟和老化的重要特征。透明带随着培养而外侧疏松,内侧致密,母卵细胞膜上伸出的微绒毛为膨大泡状和细长毛状两种。在培养１４小时后颗粒细胞与透明带脱离联系。根据综合指标判定,１８小时这前为成熟生长期,１８￣２６小时为成熟期,     

兔卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精的研究

用贴壁和悬浮生长二种培养系统,分析发情兔血清、滤泡液和激素对体外培养的兔卵母细胞的成熟、原核形成和发育能力的影响,并分析了不同浓度的激素对兔卵母细胞的作用。在贴壁生长的培养系统,滤泡液和激素对卵母细胞有明显的促成熟作用。但用这种卵母细胞体外受精,其原核形成率和发育率都较低。但在体外培养8小时后转移到体内受精,其原核形成和发育率大大提高,三者差别不大。在悬浮培养系统,卵母细胞成熟率、及体外受精后原核形成和发育率都远比贴壁生长的高,尤以原核形成率更甚。兔卵母细胞对激素的耐受力很小,以含FSH(2μg)、LH(1μg)、E_2-17B(1μg)和PRL组合的培波和含低hCG(7IU)的较适宜,高中浓度的FSH、LH和hCG都有促使卵母细胞变性和老化的作用。文中还讨论了二种培养系统不同的机制。     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟的电生理学研究

本研究应用细胞内微电极记录方法、研究了猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中膜电位的自发变化.猎卵母细胞在体外成熟培养前膜电位为-8.97±0.5mV;随着卵母细胞的逐渐成熟,膜电位绝对值首先增大(-46.40±1.7mV),然后逐渐减小,并发生极性倒转,由负值转变为正值(+10.60±1.0mV).随着卵母细胞的进一步发育,膜电位正值增大(+26.50±1.0mV).     

斑马鱼卵母细胞的体外成熟及成熟卵的受精发育

采用体外培养的方法,研究斑马鱼卵母细胞的成熟过程。Ⅳ时相初级卵母细胞在o．5μg／m1 17a－羟基孕酮的EM－199培养液中,80％氧气,25℃的体外培养条件下,在40min内,胚泡(GV)逐渐由卵母细胞中央至动物极边缘l／2处移到动物极边缘,进八V时相卵母细胞。30min后胚泡破裂(GVBD),胚泡破裂率为59％。此种卵母细胞继续培养2h才完全成熟。成熟卵不能从滤泡膜中自然排出。冷开水中剥离其外边的滤泡膜后加入具有受精能力的精子,即能使成熟卵受精,受精膜举起,胚盘在动物极形成。其后受精卵的分裂、发育等与自然成熟受精卵相同。以发育至囊胚为受精标准,这种体外成熟卵受精率为78％。这是斑马鱼卵母细胞体外培养成熟的首例报道。鱼类卵母细胞体外成熟技术的建立,为外源基因卵母细胞胚泡内转移奠定了基础。     

小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精的效果观察

目的　研究不同培养条件对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及体外受精率的影响。方法　小鼠卵母细胞分别在含有FSH、BSA和胰岛素的培养液中体外成熟,在Whitten 氏液中体外受精,比较体外成熟率、体外受精率。结果　1- 裸卵(DO) 的体外成熟率、体外受精率(81-4% ,31-0 % ) 均高于卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COC)(48-6 % ,27-1% ) 。2- 在培养液中添加FSH、胰岛素和BSA,卵母细胞的体外成熟率为77-9 % ,82-3% 、60-7% ;体外受精率为77-2 % 、72-6 % 、26-7% ;2 - 细胞率为49-2 % 、34-2 % 、10-0% 。胰岛素组的卵母细胞IVM 率最高,但IVF率、2 - 细胞率低于FSH 组。3- 添加BSA的两组的体外受精率只有26-7 % 、25-8 % ,显著低于其他组,其体外成熟率也较添加FSH 和胰岛素的组成。4- 排出第一极体(PbI) 的卵母细胞的体外受精率和2 - 细胞率(85-9 % ,22-4% ) 均高于GV期卵母细胞(71-1 % ,12-9 % ) 。结论　1- 卵丘卵母细胞(COC) 较裸卵(DO) 的体外成熟率、体外受精率都低,差异显著(P成熟< 0-01;P受精< 0-05) 。2-FSH 和胰岛素均能提高小鼠卵母细胞的体外成熟率、体外受精率。3-BSA可以降低小鼠卵母细胞体外受精率,差异极显著。4-GV 期卵母细胞的体外受精率显著低于体外培养的排出第一极体的卵母细胞(P2 - cell < 0-05,P受精<0-05)     

虹鳟卵母细胞体外成熟与授精的研究

随着基因工程技术的发展,很多学者正致力于转基因鱼的研究。就实验材料而言,鱼类有体外受精、发育,怀卵量多、卵径大、便于显微操作等优点。然而鱼类受精卵的卵黄多、核很小,镜下难以分辨。特别是虹鳟鱼卵膜厚而不透明不可能将外源基因精确地注入到动物极内。因此转化率很低,只有通过大量地注射鱼卵来增加转化个体的数量。这不但要饲养大量实验鱼,而且为受体鱼的检测带来了很大的困难。一般来说通过体外培养成熟的卵母细胞膜薄而透明,核膨大明显可见。因此可以精确地将外源基因注入核区域内从而可以大大地提高转化率。     

小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟不同阶段对钙的依赖性

To determine the role of calcium and calmodulin in mouse oocyte maturation, we examined the distribution of intracellular calcium during mouse oocyte maturation by using Mira Cal Imaging System. The calcium was present homogeneously in oocytes with intact germinal vesicle (GV) and accumulated around the nuclear region after GV breakdown(GVBD). The high level of calcium disappeared 6 hours later after GVBD. In the presence of 50 mumol/L BAPTA/AM, we failed to observe this phenomena. All eggs treated with 20 mumol/L W7, an antagonist of calmodulin, 50 mumol/L BAPTA/AM, a calcium chelator, could not develop to metaphase II (MII), although GVBD was not affected. We also detected the activity of a cytoplasmic maturation-promoting factor (MPF). W7 and BAPTA/AM had no effects on the rise of MPF activity in the course of maturation. We suggest that compartment distribution of calcium around nuclear region plays an important role in mouse oocyte maturation.     

猪卵母细胞不同孤雌激活方法

研究了离子霉素、电场强度、电脉冲次数和电刺激-化学联合激活对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的影响,以出现分裂球为激活的标准。结果表明：（1）10μmol／L离子霉素处理5min的激活率62．97％（17／27）与处理10min、15min的激活率62．50％（15／24）、65．21％（15／23）差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）以电场强度120V／mm,脉冲次数3次处理猪卵母细胞的激活率66．67％（30／45）与60V／mm、80V／in／n、100V／mm的激活率40．98％（17／42）、44．11％（15／34）、46．19％（18／39）有显著差异（P〈0．05）,但与140V／mm、160V／mm的激活率63．89％（23／36）、64．10％（25／39）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（3）以电场强度120V／mm,不同电脉冲次数进行激活。以2次电脉冲激活猪卵母细胞的激活率67．40％（31／46）与1次、3次电脉冲的激活率62．80％（27／43）、68．30％（28／41）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（4）以电场强度120V／mm,2次电脉冲与10μmol／L离子霉素处理5min联合激活猪卵母细胞的激活率84．84％（29／33）与只用电场强度120V／mm,2次电脉冲的激活率67．64％（23／34）差异显著（P〈0．05）。实验结果表明：电场强度120V／mm,2次电脉冲与10μmol／L离子霉素处理5min联合处理激活能有效提高猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的激活率。     

Developmental competence of in vivo and in vitro matured porcine oocytes after subzonal sperm injection

In vivo and in vitro matured porcine oocytes were fertilized by subzonal sperm injection (SUZI), and their subsequent development in vitro was examined to determine whether ooplasmic incompetence is the major cause of limited developmental ability of in vitro matured/fertilized porcine oocytes (Experiment 1). There was no significant difference in rates of fertilization (61% vs. 70%), monospermy (37% vs. 45%), and male pronuclear formation (77% vs. 61%) between in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes. Blastocyst formation rate was significantly lower for in vitro matured oocytes (11% vs. 42%; P < 0.001). Forty-six percent of in vivo matured oocytes cleaved to the 2-4 cell stage by 24 hr in culture after SUZI, compared with 3% of in vitro matured oocytes (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, in vitro development of in vitro matured oocytes with evenly and unevenly granulated cytoplasm were compared after SUZI to examine whether developmentally competent in vitro matured oocytes can be identified on the basis of morphological appearance. Most of the blastocysts obtained developed from oocytes with unevenly granulated cytoplasm (7/56 vs. 1/45; P > 0.05). Experiment 3 revealed that the proportion of oocytes with evenly granulated cytoplasm was originally low (11%) in the population of oocytes used for in vitro maturation, and it increased approximately 3-fold (36%; P < 0.001) after maturation. These results suggest that ooplasmic incompetence in porcine in vitro matured oocytes is the major cause of their limited developmental competence. Cytoplasmic maturation measured by male pronucleus formation does not directly reflect developmental competence of the oocytes. It was also shown that evenness of granulation of the cytoplasm is not a useful morphological indicator of developmental competence. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

体外受精和孤雌活化过程中小鼠胚胎细胞骨架的动态变化

为研究微管在体外受精与孤雌活化过程中的动态变化,本实验比较了体外受精胚胎、SrCl2激活的孤雌胚胎和体内受精的原核期胚胎在体外发育的情况,采用免疫荧光化学与激光共聚焦显微术检测卵母细胞孤雌活化过程中及体外受精后微管及核的动态变化,以分析微管在减数分裂过程中的作用及其对早期发育的影响.结果显示,体内受精胚胎的发育率显著高于体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育率(P<0.05),而体外受精与孤雌激活胚胎在各阶段发育率差异均不显著.在体外受精中,精子入卵,激活卵母细胞,减数分裂恢复,纺锤丝牵拉赤道板卜致密排列的母源染色体向纺锤体两侧迁移;后期将染色体拉向两极;末期时,微管分布于两组已去凝集的母源染色体之间,卵母细胞排出第二极体(the second polarbody,Pb2),解聚的母源染色体形成雌原核.同时,在受精后5～8 h精子染色质发生去浓缩与再浓缩,形成雄原核.在原核形成的同时,胞质星体在雌、雄原核的周围重组形成长的微管,负责雌、雄原核的迁移靠近.孤雌活化过程中,卵母细胞恢复减数分裂,姐妹染色单体分离,被拉向两极,经细胞松弛素B处理后,活化4～6 h,卵周隙中未见Pb2,而在胞质中出现两个混合的单倍体原核,之间由微管相连接,负责两个单倍体原核的迁移靠近.与体外受精相比较,孤雌活化时卵母细胞更容易被激活,减数分裂期间微管的发育早且更完善.     

Interaction of signal cascades induced by cAMP and prolactin in bovine oocyte-cumulus complexes

Prolactin (PRL) is one of the pituitary hormones that participate in controlling mammalian folliculo-and oogenesis. In the present study, the combined action of PRL (50 ng/ml) and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP, 1 mM) on oocyte maturation and the morphologic-functional state of the surrounding cumulus cells was investigated in vitro. It has been shown that PRL completely suppresses the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP on meiosis reinitiation and completion of the oocyte nuclear maturation. Moreover, PRL partly inhibited the dbcAMP-induced cumulus expansion, although it produced an opposite effect in the control medium. In the presence of PRL, the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP on the proliferative activity of cumulus cells, as well as on the PRL-induced suppression of destructive processes in these cells, was revealed. In cumulus cells, the mRNA expression of the long PRL receptor isoform was established by the RT-PCR method. The obtained data indicate an interaction of signal cascades induced by PRL and cAMP in the bovine oocyte-cumulus complexes, with the coupling site of these cascades in oocytes seeming to differ from that in cumulus cells.