不同时机介入“醒脑开窍”针刺法对脑缺血再灌注大鼠SOD活性和MDA含量的影响

目的:观察不同时机介入“醒脑开窍”针刺法治疗对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.方法:将健康成年雄性SD大鼠按随机对照原则分为假手术组、模型组、3h针刺组、6h针刺组、药物组,采用线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型,模型制备成功后,针刺组分别于造模成功后3h、6h予以“醒脑开窍”针法治疗,药物组于在造模成功5h后予香丹注射液腹腔内注射,每日1次,治疗3次.治疗72 h后采集标本检测血清及脑组织中SOD的活性和MDA的含量.结果:与模型组比较,5h药物组血清SOD活性明显降低(P＜0.01),3h针刺组血清MDA的含量明显升高(P＜0.01);6h针刺组血清SOD活性高于3h针刺组和5h药物组(P＜0.01),而6h针刺组血清MDA含量、5h药物组血清SOD活性和MDA含量均显著低于3h针刺组(P＜0.01),6h针刺组血清SOD活性显著高于5h药物组(P＜0.01).3h针刺组脑组织SOD活性和5h药物组脑组织SOD活性及MDA含量均显著高于模型组(P＜0.01);与6h针刺组比较,3h针刺组脑组织SOD活性、5h药物组脑组织内SOD活性和MDA含量均显著升高(P＜0.01).结论:不同时机介入“醒脑开窍”针刺法可不同程度调节血清及脑组织SOD活性水平,增强氧自由基代谢,有效改善脑缺血再灌注引起的缺血性损伤,进而对损伤脑组织起到一定保护作用;且早期介入疗效更佳.     

针刺对缺血缺氧性脑瘫乳鼠的治疗作用

目的:探讨针刺治疗促进脑瘫乳鼠运动功能恢复的作用机制。方法:采用改良的缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)造模方法建立脑瘫乳鼠模型,将60只乳鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、针刺组(n=20),观察各组乳鼠运动功能情况并评分,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,检测大脑病变区域的突触素(SYP)和神经生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)的表达。结果:针刺治疗组运动功能评分较模型组运动功能评分显著增加(P0.05);血清SOD活性较模型组显著增加(P0.01);血清MDA含量较模型组MDA含量明显降低(P0.01);脑组织SYP和GAP-43的表达较模型组SYP和GAP-43活性的表达明显增加(P0.05)。结论:针刺疗法能通过降低MDA的活性、升高SOD的含量、进一步上调病变部位的大脑皮质区的SYP及GAP-43的表达从而改善缺血缺氧性脑瘫乳鼠的运动功能。     

促红细胞生成素对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(Epo)对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:32只SD大鼠,采用夹闭双侧颈总动脉30min再灌注24h制作脑缺血/再灌注模型。随机分为4组(n=8):假手术组、脑缺血/再灌注组、Epo组及阳性对照组(尼莫地平),观察缺血/再灌注后血清一氧化氮(NO)和脑组织匀浆中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及脑组织含水量的变化。结果:Epo组血清NO和脑组织匀浆中MDA含量显著下降,SOD活性显著升高,脑组织含水量显著下降,与缺血/再灌注组相比有显著性差异。结论:大鼠脑缺血/再灌注后,Epo能减轻脑组织的含水量,减少自由基的生成,减轻脂质过氧化反应,对脑缺血/再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

半夏总生物碱对帕金森病大鼠的学习记忆及氧化应激反应的影响

目的 探讨半夏总生物碱(total alkaloids from Pinellia Ternate,TAPT)对帕金森病模型大鼠的防治作用及其抗氧化机制.方法 采用脑内定位注射6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)建立帕金森病大鼠模型,在模型建立成功的同时给予半夏总生物碱预防性治疗.采用Morris水迷宫进行帕金森病大鼠的行为学检测,用化学比色法检测大脑皮质及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量.结果 与正常组比较,帕金森病模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显延长(P＜0.01),跨越平台次数明显减少(P＜0.01);经半夏总生物碱治疗组,大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),跨越平台次数明显增加(P＜0.01).帕金森病模型组大鼠脑皮质及血清中MDA、H2O2的含量增加,SOD活性及GSH的含量降低(P＜0.01);经半夏总生物碱治疗组,脑皮质MDA、H2O2的含量显著减少(P＜0.01),皮质GSH、SOD含量显著增加(P＜0.01);半夏总生物碱给药组中低浓度组、中浓度组血清MDA的含量无统计学意义(P＞0.05),高浓度组血清MDA含量下降(P＜0.01),各治疗组中血清H2O2含量明显下降(P＜0.01),血清GSH含量显著增加(P＜0.01).结论 半夏总生物碱具有改善学习记忆能力,对抗大鼠神经系统的退行性变有一定的作用,可能通过改变帕金森病模型大鼠皮质部分及血清SOD、GSH的含量,而抑制了MDA和H2O2的产生.     

神经节苷脂与头部贴敷式亚低温联合治疗对新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤的影响

目的:研究神经节苷脂与头部贴敷式亚低温联合治疗新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤时脑组织内一氧化氮(NO)和(MDA)含量的变化,为新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的治疗提供理论依据.方法:将88只WISTAR新生鼠随机分为四组,神经节苷脂治疗组(IG)、头部贴敷式亚低温治疗组(IH)、联合治疗组(IB)以及对照组(CN).结果:CN组NO和MDA的含量明显升高,IG、IH以及IB组NO和MDA均明显下降.结论:神经节苷脂和亚低温通过降低NO和MDA的含量保护缺氧缺血神经元,二者联合效果更好.     

硬膜外皮质电刺激治疗急性颅脑脑损伤的初步实验研究

目的:探讨硬膜外皮质电刺激(EECS)对急性颅脑脑损伤(ACCI)后的影响.方法:SD大鼠24只,随机分为A组(假损伤组),B组(损伤组)和C组(治疗组),侧方液压打击损伤(LFPI)大鼠脑组织建立ACCI模型后,C组给予硬膜外电刺激治疗.术后24小时处死动物,检测A组脑组织含水量、血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量与B、C组上述指标的差异.结果:与A组相比,B组与C组脑组织含水量明显增加(P＜0.01),与B组相比,C组大鼠脑含水量减少(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;与A组相比.B组与C组大鼠血清NSE明显增加(P＜0.01),与B相比,C组大鼠大鼠血清NSE明显减少(P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.结论:EECS可减轻ACCI后脑水肿,降低血清NSE水平,从而起到脑保护的作用.     

NO在胆红素神经毒性中的作用

目的:探讨NO的神经毒性是否能促使高胆红素血症新生兔脑损伤的形成.方法:采用新生兔制作高胆红素血症动物模型,检测脑中EAAs及NO的含量.结果:模型组脑组织中EAAs含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),而NO浓度显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:NO可能通过介导EAAs兴奋性神经毒性及其本身对神经细胞的直接毒性作用而加重胆红素所诱导的脑损伤.     

应激状态下NO的胃粘膜保护作用及其与壁细胞泌酸的关系

目的:探讨应激状态下一氧化氮(NO)的胃粘膜保护作用及其与壁细胞泌酸的关系.方法:采用水浸-束缚应激(WRS)方法制备应激性溃疡(SU)动物模型,检测胃粘膜溃疡指数(UI)、胃粘膜NO含量和壁细胞H ,K -ATPase活性,观察L-硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)和L-精氨酸(L-Arg)对应激后大鼠壁细胞H ,K -ATPase活性及胃粘膜损伤的影响.结果:L-NAME(20 mg·kg-1)可使胃粘膜NO含量减少(P＜0.01),壁细胞H ,K -AT-Pase活性增加(P＜0.05),并加重应激所致的胃粘膜损伤;L-Arg(300 mg·kg-1)则使胃粘膜NO含量增加(P＜0.01),壁细胞H ,K -ATPase活性下降(P＜0.05),减轻应激所致胃粘膜损伤.结论:NO对应激状态下大鼠胃粘膜具有保护作用,其机制与抑制壁细胞H ,K -ATPase活性有关.     

丹参注射液对庆大霉素耳中毒豚鼠耳蜗氧自由基生成的影响

目的:研究丹参注射液(SM)对庆大霉素(GM)耳中毒豚鼠耳蜗氧自由基生成的影响,探讨SM对GM耳毒性损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法:检测豚鼠耳蜗组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,结合听性脑干反应(ABR)测试及透射电镜技术.结果:经GM处理的耳蜗组织中SOD活力明显下降,MDA含量则明显增加(P＜0.01),且与ABR阈值升高高度相关(|r|＞0.8,P＜0.05).同时接受SM的动物,其耳蜗组织中SOD活力明显升高(P＜0.01),MDA含量则明显减少(P＜0.05),且听功能显著改善.电镜观察显示耳蜗形态学改变与听力变化相一致.结论:氧自由基及其引发的脂质过氧化参与了GM耳中毒过程,SM可通过提高耳蜗组织中SOD活力,防止脂质过氧化,减轻GM的耳蜗毒性,改善听功能.     

一氧化氮、内皮素-1对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后脑损伤的影响

目的: 研究一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)在大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注(LI/R)后脑损伤中的作用,探讨NO/ET-1平衡关系的变化对脑损伤的影响.方法: 在大鼠LI/R损伤模型上,应用NO合成前体物质L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂氨基胍(AG)、ETA受体阻断剂BQl23进行干预,观察血浆 NO、ET-1、MDA、XOD、SOD、LDH及脑组织tNOS、iNOS、cNOS、NO、ET-1、MDA、XOD、MPO、 SOD的变化.结果: 与对照组比较,I/R组血浆MDA、XOD、LDH及脑组织MDA、XOD、MPO升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.01),脑组织tNOS和iNOS明显升高,而cNOS明显降低(P<0.01),I/R组血浆及脑组织NO、ET-1增加,NO/ET-1比值降低,脑损伤加重.应用L-Arg及BQ123后,血浆及脑组织NO/ET-1比值较I/R组升高,脑损伤减轻,应用AG后,NO/ET-1比值降低,脑损伤进一步加重.结论: 肢体缺血/再灌注后,一氧化氮与内皮素-l的比值降低时脑损伤加重.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.