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Abstract: Monitoring surveys allow managers to document system status and provide the quantitative basis for management decision-making, and large amounts of effort and funding are devoted to monitoring. Still, monitoring surveys often fall short of providing required information; inadequacies exist in survey designs, analyses procedures, or in the ability to integrate the information into an appropriate evaluation of management actions. We describe current uses of monitoring data, provide our perspective on the value and limitations of current approaches to monitoring, and set the stage for 3 papers that discuss current goals and implementation of monitoring programs. These papers were derived from presentations at a symposium at The Wildlife Society's 13th Annual Conference in Anchorage, Alaska, USA. 相似文献
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As wildlife populations and habitats continue to diminish at alarming rates all over the world, those responsible for wildlife
management recognize that global, integrated, multi-dimensional strategies must be developed to respond to the escalating
crisis that the world's biodiversity is facing. It is also recognized that resources available for the preservation of the
world's biodiversity are limited and must be carefully apportioned not only where they are most needed but also where they
can do the most good. Concomitantly, if current rates of extinction are to be slowed, global cooperation and coordination
of efforts for species preservation are essential. In response to these challenges, the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group
(CBSG) of IUCN's Species Survival Commission has assisted in the development and application of a series of tools and processes
to expedite the development of scientifically-based management strategies for threatened species. These tools, based on small
population and conservation biology, are used in intensive, problem-solving workshop processes designed to contribute to the
development of realistic and achievable strategies for species conservation. The primary tools used by the CBSG include: (i)
providing an objective workshop environment and a facilitation process that supports sharing of available information, reaching
agreement on the issues, available information, and useful management recommendations; (ii) the Mace-Lande criteria for evaluation
of threat, and, currently their derivative draft IUCN Red List criteria for threat; (iii) VORTEX, a stochastic, small population
simulation modelling program (developed by Dr Robert Lacy of the Chicago Zoological Society) that considers genetics, demography,
and environmental variation; (iv) topographic maps and Geographical Information System (GIS) tools to organize and visually
to present species distribution information in relation to habitat, land use, and local human population distribution; and
(v) demographic analysis of the local human populations with projections of growth patterns. The workshop processes employing
these tools include: (i) Conservation Assessment and Management Planning (CAMP); and (ii) Population and Habitat Viability
Assessment (PHVA). These processes have assisted in scientific decision-making and setting of priorities for species management
activities aimed at halting the on-going decline in the planet's biodiversity. Recommendations for intensive management stemming
from CAMP and PHVA workshops are as varied as the species analysed. This Papers presents case summaries that demonstrate how
these tools and workshop processes have aided in the formulation of holistic and viable conservation strategies for threatened
species and lessons that have been learned in the process. 相似文献
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Toshihito Takagi;Harumi Torii;Shingo Kaneko;Hidetoshi B. Tamate; 《Conservation Science and Practice》2024,6(3):e13084
Human–wildlife conflict involves diverse stakeholders with conflicting values. Resolving such conflicts necessitates the development of management plans rooted in scientific knowledge and establishing of social consensus. In Nara City, situated within the Japanese Archipelago, wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) hold sacred significance due to religious reasons and have been protected for over a millennium, resulting in a distinct genetic identity. However, the escalating deer population has caused significant agricultural damage in the areas surrounding the sanctuary. Consequently, a debate has arisen regarding the advantages and disadvantages of implementing lethal measures to address individuals that might be considered sacred deer but are regarded as pests in the vicinity of the sanctuary. Here, we used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to detect the origin of deer in the areas neighboring the sanctuary (management areas). As a result, two genetic populations of deer were detected in Nara City. In the sanctuary, we detected only one specific mtDNA haplotype (S4). On the other hand, seven haplotypes, including S4, were detected in the management area. SSR analysis also suggested that the sika deer in the management area may be an admixed population of multiple origins from the sanctuary and out of Nara City. Interbreeding populations may expand into the sanctuary, and unique genetic populations for more than 1000 years may disappear. This study suggests that ordinary deer could soon replace the deer revered and protected by the people of Nara. Additionally, the proximity of sanctuary deer to tourists worldwide and the interaction with wild deer in other areas pose a potential risk of spreading zoonotic diseases. Urgent decisions are required to determine whether to advocate for extermination in managed areas for ‘conservation’ purposes or risk losing the genetic identity of the sacred deer. 相似文献
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Seafha C. Ramos 《The Journal of wildlife management》2022,86(1):e22140
Indigenous communities have often been marginalized in the sciences through research approaches that are not inclusive of their cultures and histories. The term traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has entered the discourse in wildlife management and conservation; however, there can be challenges in cross-cultural communication and conceptualizations of TEK when working between Western and Indigenous paradigms. Indigenous research methodologies (IRM) is an area of scholarship intended to build ethically and culturally appropriate ways to conduct research with Indigenous communities. I implemented 7 tenets of IRM in research to explore the conceptualization of TEK and wildlife management with the Yurok Tribe of California, USA. After conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 Yurok community members from 2011 to 2013, I conducted emergent analysis and present 5 themes from the interviews related to phases of time, the conceptualization of Yurok TEK, and views on wildlife management through the Yurok cultural lens. This research may be helpful to wildlife biologists, students, academics, and others who are interested in IRM and culturally sensitive wildlife research with Indigenous communities. By bridging concepts from Indigenous studies, wildlife management, and human dimensions of wildlife, this work may serve as a nascent trajectory that creates more inclusive space for Indigenous peoples and worldviews in The Wildlife Society and other scientific disciplines. 相似文献
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A J. KROLL 《The Journal of wildlife management》2007,71(1):226-230
Abstract: Recent articles have called for enhanced quantitative proficiency in wildlife students, arguing that such training will increase scientific rigor and produce wildlife researchers and managers who are better able to remedy current problems and to address future challenges in wildlife management. The idea that better, or more rigorous, science is the panacea for controversial natural resource problems is a cavalier and common presumption in many applied professions and one to which wildlife science and management is not immune. However, science and management are distinct processes and although scientific rigor is important, dialogue between the 2 processes is more critical for successful interaction. Integrated training that exposes students to nontraditional coursework and develops essential professional skills, such as planning, consensus-building, and communication, can help produce graduates to bridge the science—management gap and promote the conservation of natural resources. Changes in the structure and coursework of university wildlife departments can help to develop more effective wildlife professionals. 相似文献
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James D. Nichols Mark D. Koneff Patricia J. Heglund Melinda G. Knutson Mark E. Seamans James E. Lyons John M. Morton Malcolm T. Jones G. Scott Boomer Byron K. Williams 《The Journal of wildlife management》2011,75(1):6-18
Climate change and its associated uncertainties are of concern to natural resource managers. Although aspects of climate change may be novel (e.g., system change and nonstationarity), natural resource managers have long dealt with uncertainties and have developed corresponding approaches to decision-making. Adaptive resource management is an application of structured decision-making for recurrent decision problems with uncertainty, focusing on management objectives, and the reduction of uncertainty over time. We identified 4 types of uncertainty that characterize problems in natural resource management. We examined ways in which climate change is expected to exacerbate these uncertainties, as well as potential approaches to dealing with them. As a case study, we examined North American waterfowl harvest management and considered problems anticipated to result from climate change and potential solutions. Despite challenges expected to accompany the use of adaptive resource management to address problems associated with climate change, we conclude that adaptive resource management approaches will be the methods of choice for managers trying to deal with the uncertainties of climate change. © 2010 The Wildlife Society. 相似文献
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M. NILS PETERSON SHAWN J. RILEY LAWRENCE BUSCH JIANGUO LIU 《The Journal of wildlife management》2007,71(8):2499-2506
ABSTRACT To reach its potential wildlife management needs a coherent purpose. Traditional divisions between science, society, and nature, however, create conflicts between responsibility to science, the public, and nature. These divisions emerged as early as Plato's (400 BC) allegory of the cave. In Plato's allegory human society existed inside a cave formed by its own delusions, and a philosopher or scientist could leave the cave and apprehend reality in nature. Wildlife management's simultaneous responsibility to public preferences, objective truth, and biotic integrity provides the foundation for a conservation worldview capable of transcending the divisions embodied in Plato's allegory. In this paper we deconstruct the conflicted worldview standing on that foundation and describe a land community-based worldview for wildlife management that could replace it. The transition from traditional views of science, society, and nature to a land community worldview requires 1) changing scientific stewardship from seeking objective truth to seeking credible truth, 2) changing political stewardship from following societal dictates to representing wildlife within the land community, and 3) changing ethical stewardship from protecting biotic integrity to fighting permanent closure of land community boundaries. Adopting a land community worldview for wildlife management requires relinquishing the illusion of absolute objectivity and a fall from status as neutral arbiters of knowledge but provides a means for honorably seeking reliable knowledge, serving the public and respecting the land community. 相似文献
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Despite recommendations from the Cartwright Report ethical review by health ethics committees has continued in New Zealand without health practitioners ever having to acknowledge their dual roles as health practitioners researching their own patients. On the other hand, universities explicitly identify doctor/research-patient relations as potentially raising conflict of role issues. This stems from the acknowledgement within the university sector itself that lecturer/research-student relations are fraught with such conflicts. Although similar unequal relationships are seen to exist between health resarchers and their patients, the patient/subjects are not afforded the levels of protection that are afforded student/subjects. In this paper we argue that the difference between universities and health research is a result of the failure of the Operational Standard Code for Ethics Committees to explicitly acknowledge the vulnerability of the patient and conflict of interests in the dual roles of health practitioner/researcher. We end the paper recommending the Ministry of Health consider the rewriting of the Operational Standard Code for Ethics Committees, in particular in the rewriting of section 26 of the Operational Standard Code for Ethics Committees. We also identify the value of comparative ethical review and suggest the New Zealand's Health Research Council's trilateral relationship with Australia's NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council) and Canada's CIHR (Canadian Institute of Health Research) as a useful starting point for such a process. 相似文献
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Estimates of quantities needed to plan invasive species control, such as population size, are always uncertain; this is an issue that can become a problem when mishandled in ecological science and its communication. The complexities of incorporating uncertainty into sophisticated decision-support tools may be a barrier to their use by decision makers, leading to decisions being made without due regard to uncertainty and risking misplaced certainty of predicted outcomes. We summarise ways in which uncertainty has been incorporated into and used to advise decisions on the management of invasive non-native species and other problem species, and offer a simple conceptual model for accommodating and using uncertainty at the planning stage. We also demonstrate how frequently uncertainty has been misused and miscommunicated in the wildlife management literature. We contend that uncertainty in estimates of natural quantities must be acknowledged, can inform decisions and can be made to derive decisions, and should not be ignored if invasive species policy is to be delivered effectively. Uncertainty must be communicated thoroughly and correctly by scientists if decision makers are to understand its consequences for planning and resourcing control programmes. 相似文献
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Jonathan R. B. Fisher Stephen A. Wood Mark A. Bradford Thomas Rodd Kelsey 《Conservation Science and Practice》2020,2(7):e210
Scientists devote substantial time and resources to research intended to help solve environmental problems. Environmental managers and policymakers must decide how to use the best available research evidence to prioritize actions leading to desired environmental outcomes. Yet decision-makers can face barriers to using scientific evidence to inform action. They may be unaware of the evidence, lack access to it, not understand it, or view it as irrelevant. These barriers mean a valuable resource (evidence) is underused. We outline a set of practical steps for scientists who want to improve the impact their research has on decision-making: (a) identify and understand the audience; (b) clarify the need for evidence; (c) gather “just enough” evidence; and (d) share and discuss the evidence. These are guidelines, not a strict recipe for success. But, we believe that regularly following these recommendations should increase the chance of scientific evidence being considered and used in environmental decision-making. Our goal is for this article to be accessible to anyone, rather than a comprehensive review of the topic. 相似文献
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Sophia E. Kimmig Danny Flemming Joachim Kimmerle Ulrike Cress Miriam Brandt 《Conservation Science and Practice》2020,2(7):e212
As a consequence of increasing human-wildlife encounters, the associated potential for human-wildlife conflict rises. The dependency of conservation management actions on the acceptance or even the participation of people requires modern conservation strategies that take the human dimension of wildlife management into account. In the first place, conservationists therefore need to understand how people perceive wildlife. In the present study, we examined how wildlife perception varies with people's socio-demographic backgrounds in terms of age, gender, and education as well as the settlement structure of people's living environment and their general life satisfaction, using the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a model species. We used an interview-based survey of 2,646 participants, representative for the German population, for investigating their knowledge about, risk perception of, and attitude toward red foxes. We found a negative correlation between age and the risks perceived regarding foxes. Moreover, men held a more positive attitude and perceived less risk than women. Higher education was also associated with lower risk perception and a more positive attitude. The results further indicated that people who live in rural areas perceived higher risks regarding foxes and showed a less positive attitude than people in urban or suburban areas. Finally, people who perceived higher risks and held a less positive attitude supported lethal population management actions more often. However, we also found that perceived risks decreased with participants' general life satisfaction. Hence, wildlife perception is affected by various factors. Understanding the factors affecting wildlife perception is crucial for environmental communication and for fostering acceptance of conservation measures to improve conservation strategies. 相似文献
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与环境管理有关的生态学研究展望 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
当今世界 ,自然资源和环境管理间有许多问题需要解决。决策者们不断寻求能够实现环境质量改善和有效、持续利用资源的途径和手段。而环境资源的有限性和稀缺性也决定了必须进行有效的环境管理 ,这就需要借助生态学知识作出有效可行的管理决策 [10 ,11]。然而 ,在我国目前的条件下 ,生态学家和环境管理人员之间通常缺乏联系 ,在许多方面难以达成共识。其原因 ,既有人为造成的 ,也有历史发展的原因。在解决有关生态保护、环境管理和可持续发展之间的种种问题时 ,对生态学研究所处的地位和作用缺乏理论上的探索。另一方面 ,生态系统管理比我们… 相似文献
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Kirstie A. Ruppert Laiyon Lenguya Ambrose Letoluai Isaac Limo Megan A. Owen Nicholas W. Pilfold Paul Wachira Jenny A. Glikman 《Conservation Science and Practice》2022,4(5):e548
As a solutions-oriented discipline, our attention is often placed on the substance of conservation challenges. Ideally, conservation science is relevant for policy and practice, contributing relevant data to fill key knowledge gaps. Thus, the data value is not only determined by methodological rigor, but also by its usefulness. In this perspective, we contend that trust in the purpose and process of data collection is integral to evidence-based conservation and threatened by parachute science. We describe the substance, process, and relationships involved in the establishment of a community-based reporting network for evaluating conflict responses and interventions to wildlife damage. We demonstrate how reflection on the process of science can provide the foundation for meaningful collaboration. We illustrate how, as a multinational team, supporting local researchers to establish a community-based program, trust and demonstration of a long-term commitment are essential to avoid the pitfalls of parachute science. 相似文献
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STEPHEN M. VANTASSEL TIM L. HILLER KELLY D. J. POWELL SCOTT E. HYGNSTROM 《The Journal of wildlife management》2010,74(5):934-939
ABSTRACT Harvest of furbearers through trapping has been challenged by anti-trapping organizations for centuries, with organizational goals often including prohibition of all forms of trapping. Challenges to trapping may also include dissention among state wildlife agencies, pro-hunting organizations, and pro-trapping organizations. Despite recent efforts by anti-trapping organizations and occasional dissention among consumptive-use groups, national trends in snaring regulations included less restrictive regulations through time. This positive trend may offer opportunities for state wildlife agencies and pro-trapping organizations to enhance the public image of trapping, increase recruitment of trappers, and reverse the increasing trend of wildlife damage and associated costs. We offer support and suggestions to state wildlife agencies and pro-trapping organizations to help achieve these goals, with their partnership likely having a synergistic effect. Although we attempt to illuminate approaches for increasing support for trapping within the constraints of the cultural norms of the United States, we hope our approaches are useful to and promote dialogue in other jurisdictions experiencing similar problems. 相似文献
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Francis Kombe Eucharia Nkechinyere Anunobi Nyanyukweni Pandeni Tshifugula Douglas Wassenaar Dimpho Njadingwe Salim Mwalukore Jonathan Chinyama Bodo Randrianasolo Perpetua Akindeh Priscilla S. Dlamini Felasoa Noroseheno Ramiandrisoa Naina Ranaivo 《Developing world bioethics》2014,14(3):158-166
African researchers and their collaborators have been making significant contributions to useful research findings and discoveries in Africa. Despite evidence of scientific misconduct even in heavily regulated research environments, there is little documented information that supports prevalence of research misconduct in Africa. Available literature on research misconduct has focused on the developed world, where credible research integrity systems are already in place. Public attention to research misconduct has lately increased, calling for attention to weaknesses in current research policies and regulatory frameworks. Africa needs policies, structural and governance systems that promote responsible conduct of research. To begin to offset this relative lack of documented evidence of research misconduct, contributors working in various research institutions from nine African countries agreed to share their experiences to highlight problems and explore the need to identify strategies to promote research integrity in the African continent. The experiences shared include anecdotal but reliable accounts of previously undocumented research misconduct, including some ‘normal misbehavior’ of frontline staff in those countries. Two broad approaches to foster greater research integrity are proposed including promotion of institutional and individual capacity building to instil a culture of responsible research conduct in existing and upcoming research scientist and developing deterrent and corrective policies to minimize research misconduct and other questionable research practices. By sharing these experiences and through the strategies proposed, the authors hope to limit the level of research misconduct and promote research integrity in Africa. 相似文献