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铝毒是酸性土壤中植物生长和作物生产的主要限制因子.近年来的很多研究应用差异显示PCR、抑制差减cDNA文库和DNA微正列等技术,在一些铝耐受型和敏感型植物中鉴定了很多铝胁迫响应基因.本研究通过参阅国内外有关报道和结合本实验室的研究成果,从铝诱导的通道蛋白、代谢相关、胁迫和细胞死亡以及信号转导相关基因4个方面的研究进展进行了综述. 相似文献
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铝胁迫下植物根系的有机酸分泌及其解毒机理 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
酸性土壤中的铝毒害问题,已成为限制植物生长发育的主要因素之一.耐铝植物通过根系分泌有机酸来解除或减轻铝的毒害是外部解铝毒的重要机制.文章对铝胁迫下植物根系分泌有机酸的种类,有机酸解铝毒机理、解铝毒能力,有机酸分泌方式及调控其分泌的主要因素等相关研究进行综述. 相似文献
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研究了香港茶园天然生态系统中铝超积累植物和铝排斥植物包括茶树(Camellia sinensis L.)、多花野牡丹(Melastoma affine L.)、假苹婆(Sterculia lanceolata L.)、大罗伞紫金牛(Ardisia crenata L.)、相思树(Acacia formosa L.)和红楠(Machilus thunbergii Machilus thunbergii L.)对铝吸收和累积的机理。6种植物新鲜根和茎的pH值变化范围为3-6,不同部位全铝含量变化幅度为13-12810mg/kg(干重,下同)。新鲜植物组织的pH值是控制植物对铝吸收、转运和累积的最重要的因素。植物中的铝浓度随其pH值降低而显著增加。供试6种植物可分为两组:一组是铝排斥植物,其pH值大约6,叶中含铝量范围为17-151mg/kg,包括假苹婆、大罗伞紫金牛、相思树和红楠;另一组是铝超积累植物,其pH值为3和4.5,叶中含铝量范围为7820-12810mg/kg,包括茶树和多花野牡丹。铝超积累植物新鲜根中水溶性铝与全铝的比例(0.11-0.88)高于铝排斥植物根中的比例(0.04-0.07)。相同趋势可见于茎和叶中,特别在多花野牡丹茎叶中。结果表明:新鲜根、茎和叶中水溶性铝与全铝的比例高可以增加植物从土壤-植物系统中铝的迁移速率,导致较高的铝吸收累积。根际和非根际土壤的pH值有显著差异。通常,象多花野牡丹一样的铝超积累植物,其组织pH值低,降低了根限pH,使土壤中铝更容易吸收。铝排斥植物增根际土壤的pH值,以避免根对铝的高量吸收。 相似文献
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酸铝胁迫是限制植物正常生长发育的重要非生物胁迫因子,严重制约了我国酸性土壤地区的农业生产水平。植物抵御酸铝胁迫的形式复杂多样,如分泌有机酸、提高根际pH、分泌黏液、细胞壁对Al3+的固定、有机酸对细胞溶质中Al3+的螯合与液泡区隔化等。现有研究多集中于常规生理特征分析,缺乏深入的分子生物学解析。基于此,本文对国内外植物适应酸铝胁迫机理的相关研究进行了归纳和总结,从酸铝胁迫对植物生长与生理代谢的影响、植物适应酸铝胁迫最主要的两种生理机制(Al排除机制、Al耐受机制)以及分子水平上调控相关耐铝基因进行了综述。最后针对现有研究的不足提出了展望,以期为深入揭示植物适应酸铝胁迫的机理以及挖掘适于酸土生长的优质作物资源提供理论依据。 相似文献
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采用水培试验,设置5种铝处理浓度,研究了铝对3种蓼科植物酸模叶蓼、杠板归和辣蓼叶片光合、蒸腾和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,高铝处理(400μmol.L-1)显著抑制3种蓼科植物地上部和根系生长,并且导致3种蓼科植物叶片叶绿素含量、Chla/Chlb、净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、PSII光合电子传递量子效率(φPSII)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著下降。中低铝处理(25~100μmol.L-1)时,与对照相比,酸模叶蓼生物量显著增加,杠板归显著减少,辣蓼先增加后减少。其中,酸模叶蓼和辣蓼叶绿素含量、Chla/Chlb、Pn、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、qP均未发生显著变化,但辣蓼WUE、φPSII和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著下降,酸模叶蓼无显著变化;而杠板归除Ci、Fv/Fm外,其余叶片光合、蒸腾及叶绿素荧光参数均出现显著下降。上述结果表明,酸模叶蓼在中低铝处理条件下可通过保持较高的叶绿素含量、Chla/Chlb、WUE、Pn、PSII反应中心光化学反应效率以及提高非辐射能量耗散来增强其对铝的耐性。 相似文献
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酸性土壤上植物应对铝胁迫的过程与机制 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
铝胁迫是酸性土壤上影响作物产量最重要的因素之一.目前,全球土壤酸化程度进一步加剧了铝胁迫.植物可通过将铝离子与有机酸螯合储藏于液泡和从根系中排出铝毒.排出铝毒主要通过苹果酸转运蛋白ALMT和柠檬酸转运蛋白MATE的跨膜运输来实现.编码ABC转运蛋白和锌指转录因子的基因与植物抗铝胁迫有关.这些抗铝毒基因的鉴别使得通过转基因和分子标记辅助育种等生物技术来提高农作物的抗铝毒能力成为可能.最后提出了植物抗铝胁迫研究中需要解决的关键问题及今后的研究方向. 相似文献
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生长素及其运输蛋白对植物铝胁迫的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
铝对植物的毒害作用主要表现为抑制根尖生长,而根尖生长与生长素及其运输密切相关,铝可能影响了生长素及其代谢过程,但目前尚不清楚生长素及其运输蛋白如何参与植物应对铝胁迫响应。本文通过分析、总结前人研究,并结合自己的前期研究结果,初步阐述生长素或其运输蛋白对植物铝胁迫的响应,即铝影响生长素代谢的相关基因,干扰根尖生长素运输蛋白在细胞内分布及其囊泡运输,调控生长素的极性运榆,进而抑制根尖生长。另一方面,生长素或其运输蛋白又参与了植物应对铝胁迫过程,这主要体现在参与了植物铝毒信号传递、根系铝内置化过程和减缓铝诱导的氧化胁迫。最后,本文提出了生长素及其运输蛋白对植物铝胁迫响应的可能模型。 相似文献
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植物铝毒害及遗传育种研究进展 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
本文简单概述了目前植物铝毒害及遗传育方面的研究进展,Al^3 可以通过与细胞骨架的作用,影响根的正常生理功能和形态建成,植物可以通过根尖分泌有机酸或磷酸等将离子态的为成螯合态的铝,通过吸收H^ 提高根尖周围的pH,将Al^3 变成难溶性的Al(OH)3或磷酸铝从而解 除铝毒害,也可以通过在细胞内与Al^3 形成无毒害的复合结构从而解除铝毒害,国外通过基因工程和突变体筛选已经获得了一批耐铝的植物材料,国内一些研究者通过变体筛选也获得了一些耐铝的植物材料,对植物耐铝性的遗传研究表明,植物的耐铝性既可以是受单基因控制的,也可以是受多基因控制的。 相似文献
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《Microbiological research》2014,169(1):30-39
To feed all of the world's people, it is necessary to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. One way to do this is through the increased use of plant growth-promoting bacteria; recently, scientists have developed a more profound understanding of the mechanisms employed by these bacteria to facilitate plant growth. Here, it is argued that the ability of plant growth-promoting bacteria that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase to lower plant ethylene levels, often a result of various stresses, is a key component in the efficacious functioning of these bacteria. The optimal functioning of these bacteria includes the synergistic interaction between ACC deaminase and both plant and bacterial auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These bacteria not only directly promote plant growth, they also protect plants against flooding, drought, salt, flower wilting, metals, organic contaminants, and both bacterial and fungal pathogens. While a considerable amount of both basic and applied work remains to be done before ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria become a mainstay of plant agriculture, the evidence indicates that with the expected shift from chemicals to soil bacteria, the world is on the verge of a major paradigm shift in plant agriculture. 相似文献
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抑制消减杂交法分离紫花苜蓿幼苗铝胁迫诱导表达的cDNA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用抑制消减杂交(SSH)技术分离铝胁迫诱导紫花苜蓿差异表达的基因,以水培试验获取的中苜一号幼苗为材料,以80μmol/L铝离子胁迫的紫花苜蓿作为试验组,未胁迫的为驱动组,构建了一个包含456个克隆的SSH文库。对构建的文库进行鉴定,随机选取20个阳性克隆测序,共获得15条有效EST序列,然后将测序结果提交到GenBank进行Blastn比对,获得了3条未知基因的序列,推测它们可能与植物的抗铝作用有关。检测结果表明,构建的文库质量较好,可以进行进一步深入研究,为揭示植物耐铝性的分子机理提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Current theories of plant-herbivore interactions suggest that plants may differ in palatability to herbivores as a function of abiotic stress; however, studies of these theories have produced mixed results. We compared the palatability of eight common salt marsh plants that occur across elevational and salinity stress gradients to six common leaf-chewing herbivores to determine patterns of plant palatability. The palatability of every plant species varied across gradients of abiotic stress in at least one comparison, and over half of the comparisons indicated significant differences in palatability. The direction of the preferences, however, was dependent on the plant and herbivore species studied, suggesting that different types of stress affect plants in different ways, that different plant species respond differently to stress, and that different herbivore species measure plant quality in different ways. Overall, 51% of the variation in the strength of the feeding preferences could be explained by a knowledge of the strength of the stress gradient and the type of gradient, plant and herbivore studied. This suggests that the prospects are good for a more complex, conditional theory of plant stress and herbivore feeding preferences that is based on a mechanistic understanding of plant physiology and the factors underlying herbivore feeding preferences. 相似文献
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本文根据联合国粮农组织2010年发布的世界各国的《第二份世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源现状报告以及有关国际会议和相关文献资料,从超低温保存材料类型、基本程序、方法技术、理论基础、影响因素、保存费用、保存策略和保存现状、实际应用等方面综述了全球植物种质资源超低温保存现状及其研究进展,展望了植物种质资源超低温保存技术的应用前景,旨在加强非正常型种子植物种质资源的安全长期保存。文章最后分析了我国存在的差距,提出了今后努力方向和发展的建议。 相似文献
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Plant miRNAs and abiotic stress responses 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximate 22 nucleotide (nt) small non-coding regulatory RNAs that play important roles in plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Plant miRNAs were described 10 years later than animal miRNAs did; there are some differences between them in terms of biogenesis and mechanism of function. Furthermore, plant miRNAs have been shown to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, and even mechanical stimulus. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant miRNAs. We also highlight specific examples of miRNAs, which are important regulators for plant abiotic stress responses. 相似文献
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Francis Corson Mokhtar Adda-Bedia Arezki Boudaoud 《Journal of theoretical biology》2009,259(3):440-93
Development commonly involves an interplay between signaling, genetic expression and biophysical forces. However, the relative importance of these mechanisms during the different stages of development is unclear. Leaf venation networks provide a fitting context for the examination of these questions. In mature leaves, venation patterns are extremely diverse, yet their local structure satisfies a universal property: at junctions between veins, angles and diameters are related by a vectorial equation analogous to a force balance. Using a cell proliferation model, we reproduce in silico the salient features of venation patterns. Provided that vein cells are given different mechanical properties, tensile forces develop along the veins during growth, causing the network to deform progressively. Our results suggest that the local structure of venation networks results from a reorganization driven by mechanical forces, independently of how veins form. This conclusion is supported by recent observations of vein development in young leaves and by the good quantitative agreement between our simulations and data from mature leaves. 相似文献
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Weiyu Li Yunjin Sun Bo Wang Hao Xie Jingxuan Wang Zhangjie Nan 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2020,84(7):1394-1400