东方次睾吸虫电镜研究（吸虫纲：后睾科）：Ⅴ.雌性生殖器官

东方次睾吸虫雌性生殖器官（卵巢、输卵管、卵黄－输卵管、卵模、梅氏腺和子宫）透射电镜观察。卵巢内有不同成熟期的生殖细胞,成熟初级卵母细胞有几个靠近核的核仁样小聚体和许多沿质膜的皮质颗粒。首次发现并描述卵巢和输卵管接合处（卵巢壶腹）的超微结构,输卵管上皮为纤毛状,梅氏腺仅一种类型膜状小体细胞,经有微管支持的细小管道穿过卵模将膜状小体排入卵模腔内,在卵黄－输卵管和卵模中有精子,卵模和子宫中有受精卵。虫卵     

四川鱼类半尾科吸虫一新属新种（吸虫纲：复殖目）

本文记述从长薄鳅和斑鳜胃内采到的半尾科Ｈｅｍｉｕｒｉｄａｅ吸虫一新属新种－薄鳅副指腺吸虫Ｐａｒａｌｅｃｉｔｈｏｃｈｉｒｉｕｍ ｌｅｐｔｏｂｏｔｉａｅ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新属以其虫卵的两端各具一根细长的卵丝、卵黄腺和卵巢位于尾部略前,子宫盘曲于卵黄腺之前等特征而区别于近似的指腺属Ｌｅｃｉｔｈｏｃｈｉｒｉｕｍ．     

日本血吸虫卵形成的生理

本文应用组织学及组织化学方法研究了日本血吸虫卵形成的过程,并进行了硫脲化合物对虫卵形成影响的实验。 日本血吸虫雌虫生殖系统是由发生卵细胞的卵巢和发生卵黄细胞的卵黄腺这两个腺体及其连接管道所组成。连接管道包括输卵管、卵黄管和卵-卵黄会合管,分别将卵细胞和卵黄细胞运送至卵形成部位——卵模及其周围的梅氏腺,在其中形成一个完整的虫卵,再通过子官将此新形成的虫卵送经生殖孔而排出。 一个完整的虫卵系由一个受精卵细胞,及约20个卵黄细胞以及包在它们外面的一种硬化蛋白质的卵壳所构成。卵细胞含有丰富的核糖核酸、去氧核糖核酸、芳香族氨基酸、磷酸酶和若干糖原。卵黄细胞含有许多脂类物质,其细胞质中的卵黄颗粒球是制造卵壳的原料,含有蛋白质、酚类物质和酸酶,它们是卵壳的前身物。卵壳形成的化学性质可能是酚类物质受酚酶的氧化作用变成醌,再与邻近的蛋白质结合成醌鞣蛋白,而成为一种硬化的卵壳物质。 日本血吸虫卵形成部位系在雌虫体中段的卵模及梅氏腺区域。卵模腔内壁由单层上皮细胞所构成,它是一种顶浆分泌腺细胞,含有丰富的碱性磷酸酶和芳香族氨基酸蛋白质。在形态上可分为静止相和分泌相,它的分泌机能呈现周期性并似与卵模腔内卵壳的形成有节奏地相配合。在卵模周围分布着一种单细     

广西猕猴体内中华巨囊吸虫(吸虫纲,枝腺科)的组织形态学观察

中华巨囊吸虫(Megacystium sinensis)是从广西猕猴(Macaca mulatta)体内检获的一种小型枝腺科吸虫。本文运用组织形态学方法对该虫形态特征作进一步观察。虫体的排泄囊很大,顶部有两个长35～37 μm呈V形管状排泄管,排泄囊壁黏膜单层柱状上皮。卵巢、卵黄腺、梅氏腺与输卵管连接,输卵管连接子宫。阴道开口生殖孔与子宫末端连接,阴道壁具有厚的肌肉质,阴道内有虫卵。雄茎囊很大,椭圆形,雄茎囊开口生殖孔,末端位于腹吸盘背后。雄茎囊内有S弯曲射精管、U形贮精囊和输精管。射精管中段黏膜表面有条束状肌肉组织。输精管位于雄茎囊末端,在腹吸盘背面分成2支与2睾丸内侧连接。本文补充了该虫排泄囊、雄茎囊和雌性生殖器官的形态特征。     

小灵猫寄生棘隙属吸虫一新种（复殖目：棘口科）

杭州棘隙吸虫,新种Echinochasmas hangzhouensis sp. nov., 虫体较小,前狭后宽1.406—1.605×0.227—0.341,头领发达,头棘22—24枚,角棘4枚,体表披棘,口吸盘端位,近圆形。腹吸盘大,为口吸盘的二倍左右。具前咽,食道长。二睾稍有重叠,位于中横线之下,阴茎囊大,卵圆形,内含贮精囊,卵巢小,近圆形,位于腹吸盘与前睾之间,具受精囊,梅氏腺。卵黄腺位于身体的两侧,在腹吸盘与前睾前及后睾后卵黄腺在中央相汇合。子宫短,虫卵数少。     

PMSG或FSH同期发情处理对小鼠卵巢、输卵管和子宫中孕激素受体分布的影响

目的探讨孕马血清促性腺激素（pregnant mare serum gonadotropin,PMSG）和促卵泡激素（folliclestimulating hormone,FSH）同期发情处理的小鼠卵巢、输卵管和子宫中孕激素受体（progesterone receptor,PR）分布的差异。方法 10只8周龄KM系雌鼠,随机分为PMSG和FSH两个组,第一次处理后48 h取其卵巢、输卵管、子宫进行固定,免疫组织化学法观察各组织中PR的分布。结果两组小鼠卵巢、输卵管和子宫内膜中均有PR表达;其中PMSG组初级卵泡、次级卵泡和输卵管的阳性率均显著高于FSH处理组（P〈0.05）;PMSG组各级卵泡的平均吸光度值均显著高于FSH处理组（P〈0.05）;PMSG处理组子宫内膜上皮与腺上皮中的阳性率显著高于FSH组（P〈0.05）,而基质和子宫内膜上皮中的平均吸光度值显著低于FSH组（P〈0.05）。结论 PMSG和FSH同期发情处理不同程度影响小鼠卵巢、输卵管和子宫中PR的表达分布;其中PMSG处理组小鼠卵巢、输卵管和子宫上皮中PR表达普遍显著高于FSH处理组。     

埃塞俄比亚塔纳湖鲤科鱼类体内亚美尼亚许氏绦虫Khawia armeniaca (Cholodkovsky, 1915) Shulman, 1958 (绦虫纲: 鲤蠢目) 的形态鉴定

在埃塞俄比亚境内塔纳湖中发现了1种寄生于鲤科鱼类: 间魮(Labeobarbus intermedius)和Labeobarbus tsanensis体内的许氏绦虫, 经形态学鉴定其为亚美尼亚许氏绦虫Khawia armeniaca (Cholodkovsky, 1915)(绦虫纲: 鲤蠢目)。该绦虫鉴别特征为头节呈半球状, 边缘光滑, 无皱褶; 睾丸分布区域从虫体中部至阴茎囊之前; 卵巢前卵黄腺分布于虫体中后部至阴茎囊前部区域, 少数排列在阴茎囊之后; 子宫起始于阴茎囊后方弯曲环绕直至卵巢后部区域, 有少许卵黄腺排列在子宫和卵巢的两侧。此外, K. armeniaca卵巢呈滤泡状或蝴蝶状, 雌雄生殖孔分离但彼此距离很近, 开口于体表并形成同一生殖腔, 且雄性生殖孔位于雌性生殖孔前方。卵巢后卵黄腺数目少于100个, 分布于虫体末端, 卵黄腺距离卵巢后翼较远, 部分样品内卵黄腺接近卵巢后翼。     

渤海鱼类复殖吸虫Ⅵ(吸虫纲:孔肠科)

在渤海(大连市)采集的六线鱼肠内发现大连新卷宫吸虫,新种Neohelicometra dalienensis sp.nov.,虫体大小4.8—5.5×0.5—0.6mm。口腹吸盘比1:0.7。睾丸前后排列,较大。生殖孔在咽后。卵巢分叶,在赤道线稍后。卵黄腺在体两侧,起自腹吸盘之后,不伸到体末端。卵43—58×20—33μm。     

高温对天蚕卵黄发生的影响(英文)

３２℃高温对天蚕（Ａｎｔｈｅｒａｅａ ｙａｍａｍａｉ）卵黄发生影响明显,其中影响程度与开始经受３２℃处理时天蚕发育阶段有关。结茧后第１天开始即受３２℃处理时,脂肪体和血淋巴中卵黄原蛋白（Ｖｇ）与可溶性蛋白含量均低于受２６℃处理的;化蛹后第１天开始即受３２℃处理时,脂肪体中Ｖｇ滴度与２６℃下的基本无明显差异,但血淋巴和卵巢中Ｖｇ或卵黄磷蛋白含量（Ｖｔ）均低于２６℃的;而在化蛹后第６天开始受３２℃处理时,脂肪体和血淋巴中Ｖｇ含量与２６℃的无明显差异,卵巢中Ｖｔ则明显高于２６℃的。此外,曾就化蛹后第１或６天开始受３２℃处理后脂肪体、血淋巴和卵巢中可溶性蛋白含量的变化作了检测。建议在饲育或保护制种用茧蚕时,老熟幼虫和化蛹初期的蚕蛹不宜接触３２℃高温。     

东方杯叶吸虫囊蚴的体外培养和发育的研究

本文用含小鸡血清的培养基将东方杯叶吸虫脱囊后尾蚴体外培养至怀卵成虫,但虫卵不正常。添加小鸡小肠粘膜浸出液能明显提高怀卵率和产卵量,但不影响怀卵量,41℃比37℃培养结果更好;后尾蚴的发育经历了精巢、阴茎囊、卵巢和卵黄腺的形成及怀卵和产卵的过程,体外培养中虫体发育延缓。     

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the female reproductive system of Schistosoma margrebowiei Le Roux, 1933

Transmission electron microscopy shows that the uterus of female Schistosoma margrebowiei possesses the same ultrastructure as that of the tegument but lacks spines and sense organs. It does not possess secretory cells and opens at the gonopore which by scanning electron microscopy was seen to be composed of numerous leaf-like protrusions. The morphology of the ovary is comparable with that of other Digenea. Immature and mature ova possess cortically arranged granules and occur within the posterior zone of the ovary. Cilia and lamellae line the luminal surface of the oviduct and ootype, the lamellae running unidirectionally along the duct. Only a single type of secretory cell is seen within Mehlis' gland and this produces dense bodies which are associated with Goldi bodies. Narrow cytoplasmic channels supported by microtubules deliver these secretory bodies to the ootype. The vitelline duct is lined with cilia and lamellae and the vitelline gland contains four types of cells, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Calcareous corpuscles are found within mature S4 cells.     

Ultrastructure of Pharyngostomoides procyonis Harkema 1942 (Diplostomatidae). II. The female reproductive system

Several components of the female reproductive system of Pharyngostomoides procyonis, including the vitellaria and vitelline duct, ovary and oviduct, Laurer's canal, and Mehlis' gland and associated ducts, were observed with the electron microscope. Vitelline follicles contain cells in various stages of development. Mature vitelline cells contain membrane-delimited clusters of vitelline globules near the plasma membrane. Cilia are present in the vitelline duct. The ovary contains germ cells in various stages of maturation. Oogonia are found in the peripheral region. Mature oocytes contain numerous dense bodies near the plasmalemma. Also included in the cytoplasm of mature oocytes are "nucleolus-like bodies," myelin-like bodies, and mitochondria containing dense granules and few cristae. The epithelium of the oviduct is ciliated. Sperm are present in the oviduct and in Laurer's canal. Two types of secretory cells found in Mehlis' gland are described.     

Development and roles of vitelline cells in eggshell formation in Fasciola gigantica

Summary

In Fasciola gigantica, vitelline cells are the major contributors to the formation of the eggshell. The vitelline cells develop in vitelline follicles that are located in the posterior third of the adult parasite's body, in the areas lateral to the uterus and the testis. Mature vitelline cells are released and transported to the Mehlis' gland-ootype complex via a series of vitelline ducts. Based on ultrastructural features, the developing vitelline cells are classified into four stages: stem cell, protein-synthetic, carbohydrate-synthetic and mature cell stages. At the protein-synthetic stage, the eggshell globules are formed, whereas during the carbohydrate-synthetic stage glycogen particles and glycan vesicles are synthesized. The mature vitelline cells are detached from the nurse cells, and pass successively into the intrafollicular, interfollicular, longitudinal and transverse vitelline ducts, to be stored in the vitelline reservoir before being transported to the ootype via the median vitelline duct. At the same time, ova are transported from the ovary through the oviduct into the ootype lumen where each becomes surrounded by a number of vitelline cells. Vitelline cells secrete eggshell globules to surround a group of vitelline cells and an ovum in the ootype lumen, and these globules coalesce into the definitive eggshell. In the middle part of the uterus fertilization occurs, after which the eggshell is completely formed. Within the egg proper, vitelline cells break down, releasing glycogen and other products to nourish the developing embryo.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Protocotyle euzetmaillardi</Emphasis> n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) from the bigeye sixgill shark <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hexanchus nakamurai</Emphasis> Teng (Elasmobranchii: Hexanchidae) off New Caledonia

Protocotyle euzetmaillardi n. sp. is described from the gills of the sixgill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Teng caught in deep-sea off New Caledonia, South Pacific. The new species is compared with the two other species of the genus (both from the only other species in this shark genus, H. griseus (Bonn.)), namely P. grisea (Cerfontaine, 1899) Euzet &; Maillard, 1974, redescribed from vouchers, and P. taschenbergi (Maillard &; Oliver, 1966) Euzet &; Maillard, 1974, redescribed from its type-specimens. The anatomy of the reproductive system is detailed; all three species have a characteristic oötype with longitudinal cells (‘ootype côtelé’ of Euzet &; Maillard). The following unique combination of characters differentiates the new species from its two congeners: posterior lobe of seminal vesicle absent, diverticulum of oviduct present and small body size. Furthermore, its tubular ovary does not include a region with sperm, which is present in both of the other species, and its eggs have only one filament, whereas eggs in the uterus have one or two filaments in P. grisea and one filament in P. taschenbergi. The latter features differ from existing diagnoses of Protocotyle, in which eggs with two filaments and the presence of a tubular ovary dilated with sperm are key characteristics.     

Distribution of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Decarboxylase in the Layers of Rat Oviduct

An enzymatic microassay method for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was improved to yield a high sensitivity and a low blank. The 20-microns thick freeze-dried sections (0.2-1.5 micrograms dry weight) were prepared from the oviduct and ovary of rat. The analysis of these microsamples by the improved method showed that, contrary to the previous observations, the rat ovary is devoid of GAD activity and contains a trace amount of GABA. Both are present abundantly in the oviduct. In the oviduct mucosa, significant GAD activity was found in the estrous phase, whereas the activity was nearly null during other phases of the estrous cycle. GABA concentration in the oviduct mucosa was 10-fold higher than in the cerebral cortex; its variation during the estrous cycle was not remarkable. In the muscle layer of oviduct, GAD activity had a low peak in the estrous phase and GABA concentration was almost constant during the estrous cycle. The denervation experiment showed that GAD is present in the nerve terminals innervating the oviduct.     

Development of the reproductive system of Echinostoma paraensei in Mesocricetus auratus analyzed by light and confocal scanning laser microscopy

This study was performed to gain insight into the maturation of the reproductive system of Echinostoma paraensei worms grown in an early infection of Mesocricetus auratus. Hamsters were infected with 100 metacercariae and necropsied on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 post infection (dpi). Recovered flukes stained with hydrochloric carmine were preserved as whole mounts and analyzed by light and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The average worm recovery was 43.7 per host. Images of the male and female reproductive systems were taken. The ovary and anterior and posterior testis were evidenced on day 3, while the ootype and cirrus sac were present on day 5. Confocal imaging showed primordium testis and ovary as a cluster of primordial cells from day 3 onward. The testes, ovary, cirrus sac and uterus organs were already present during the first week of life. The two testes were seen as individual structures on 7 dpi while the cirrus sac and vitelline glands were in development. The ovary was connected to the uterus while the ootype was adjacent to it. Both testes were larger than the ovary, showing cells at different stages of development, but with few bundles of functional spermatozoa in 10 day-old worms. On day 14, eggs and spermatozoa were seen in the uterus and seminal vesicle, respectively, while oocytes appeared in the ootype as fertilized eggs. We conclude that the reproductive system of E. paraensei was functional on 14 dpi in the hamsters.     

The study of the ultrastructure of the female reproductive system in a parasite of bats Allassogonoporus amphoraeformis (Digenea: Allassogonoporidae)

The morphology and fine structure of the female reproductive system of allassogonoporid trematode Allassogonoporus amphoraeformis have been described for the first time. The ovary consists of the germ cells being at various developmental stages and supporting cells of two types. The oviduct, seminal receptacle with its short duct and the proximal portion of Laurer's canal are lined by flattened cellular epithelium with lamellae and cilia on its luminal surface and well-developed basal infoldings. The distal part of Laurer's canal and metraterm are tegumental in structure and are characterized by sparse secretory inclusions and lacking of spines. Mehlis' glands of two types open into ootype. The uterus wall is composed of highly flattened epithelial cells surrounded by basal lamina and sparse muscle bundles. Vitelline lobules consist only of the vitelline cells at various developmental stages. The mature vitelline cells contain two types of inclusions: vitelline droplets and rarely scattered lipids. Vitelline ducts are lined by cellular epithelium with highly folded luminal surface and devoid of cilia. Presented results are compared with earlier obtained data on other lecithodendrioiden trematode Prosthodendrium ascidia ([symbol: see text], 1990).     

嘉庚蛸雌性生殖系统组织学观察

对象山港自然海区中的嘉庚蛸(Octopus tankahkeei)雌性生殖系统的组织学结构进行了研究.结果表明,雌性生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管、输卵管腺组成.卵巢单个、球形,内包裹滤泡细胞围成的卵子,输卵管1对,开口于外套腔中部,每条输卵管中部膨大形成圆球状的输卵管腺.近端输卵管内具两瓣蘑菇状突起,上有不规则短指状分枝,突...     

Ultrastructure of genital system ducts of Diphyllobothrium latum (Cestoda:Pseudophyllidae): the ducts of the female reproductive system

The components of the female reproductive system of Diphyllobothrium latum, including ovary, ovicapt, oviduct, vitelline ducts, vitelline reservoir, vagina, seminal receptacle, ootype with unicellular Mehlis's gland, ootype-uterine duct and uterus were observed with the electron microscope. The epithelium of the female reproductive system ducts consists of a nucleate syncytial layer. Structural differences in apical surface of the ducts, the number of nuclei and organoids in syncytial layer as well as the number of underlaid muscles were revealed. The regional differentiations of the uterus wall were registered. The middle and distal region of uterus was covered with microtriches. The filamentous microtriches were observed in apical surface of vagina. The epithelium of seminal receptacle and distal region of uterus were underlaided by the powerful muscle layers. The fertilization canal was revealed. It was shown that the formation of egg shells implemented by the deposit of vitelline globules in their surface in the ootype-uterine duct. Structural and functional differences of different parts of female apparatus in various groups of cestodes are conditioned by species biology.     

The organization of the female reproductive system in the parasitic mite Myobia murismusculi (Trombidiformes: Myobiidae)

The general morphology of the internal genital organs in Myobia murismusculi females have been studied by means of light and electron microscopy. It is shown, that their reproductive system is composed of the single ovary, long complex oviduct, cuticular vagina and receptaculum seminis. The apical region of the ovary is formed by the numerous processes of gonadian somatic cells. These cells generate the ovarian sheath and probably take place in oocyte's metabolism. Any nutritive cells in the Myobia ovary are absent. The vitellogenetic oocytes develop in the ovarian pouches like in other trombidiform mites. The oviduct consists of three parts, each of them has a specific ultrastructure and type of secretory product. Two proximal parts of the oviduct produce the egg-shell components, while the third distal part never contains oocytes. It could be suggested that this part produces a special secret onto the oocyte surface to glue the oocytes to the hairs of host.