Effect of ethanol on the hemolytic stability of erythrocytes

The stability of rabbit erythrocytes to hemolysis induced by different compounds in the presence or absence of ethanol or acetaldehyde has been analyzed. Ethanol slightly reduced erythrocyte stability against acidic hemolysis only after long-term preincubation, but the effect of ethanol on stability to oxidative hemolysis manifested itself immediately after its addition to the cells. Ethanol decreased both stability of cells to oxidative damage and dispersion of the hemolytic curve. Comparison of the effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde showed that the destabilizing effect of ethanol might be caused by either its direct action or the effect of its metabolites formed during preincubation of ethanol with erythrocytes. Possible mechanisms of ethanol and acetaldehyde effects on erythrocyte stability are discussed.     

The surface characteristics of the erythrocytes in hemolytic disease of the newborn]

Assessment of structural state of the erythrocyte (Er) surface was done in accordance with the capability of overmembranous glycoproteins and glycolipids of sorbing the vital stain Alcian blue (AB). The extent of AB sorbing by the Er surface of healthy infants is nearly 5.51.10(-13) g per cell, whereas in children with hemolytic disease of newborns (HDN) under average grave condition, and in children with HDN and concomitant diseases this index is seen to reduce significantly down to 82.4 and 70.8 per cent, respectively, which may be due presumably to the masking of glycocalyx with Er antibodies. A tendency to the same change appears in hyperbilirubinemia of vague etiology. There as a true increase in AB sorbing with the grave form of HDN (up to 121.8%). This is perhaps because of the increase in Er external membrane permeability to stain and because of the increased sorbing of the stain by intracellular components.     

Effect of low-level chronic x-rays on the hemolytic stability and population composition of peripheral blood erythrocytes

A study was made of the haemolytic stability and population composition of peripheral blood erythrocytes of rats chronically exposed to X-radiation of 0.258 mC/kg/day during 30 days. Haemolytic stability of erythrocytes changed at cumulative doses of 2.58, 5.16 and 7.74 mC/kg. Percentage of some erythrocyte fractions obtained by fractionation in a sucrose density gradient was found to change after irradiation with cumulative doses of 5.16 and 7.74 mC/kg.     

Characteristics of the functional state of erythrocytes in healthy full-term newborn infants

The hematological parameters and functional status of erythrocytes were studied using osmotic and ammonium load in healthy newborns and adults. The mean erythrocyte volume in newborns was greater than in adults. Significant differences in the osmotic fragility index in newborns were observed upon the transition from swelling to hemolysis. The erythrocyte hemolysis kinetics in the ammonium load was studied by small-angle light scattering using a LaSca analyzer. The percentage of erythrocyte hemolysis was smaller and the rate of hemolysis in newborns was by a factor of 2.5 lower than in adults.     

Effect of cAMP on the structural and functional properties of the erythrocytes]

Cyclic AMP inhibits the anion transport and decreases the osmotic resistance and deformability of erythrocytes with the normal level of ATP. With ATP-depleted erythrocytes cAMP exerted the opposite effects on the corresponding characteristics. In addition, it was observed that the pattern of cAMP effect on the cell form depends on the basal level of ATP. These effects may be associated with the two types of structural rearrangements of erythrocyte membranes established earlier: a cooperative transition not connected with protein kinase system, and a non-cooperative one caused by protein phosphorilation.     

Spectral assessment of the functional state of the stomach

The changes of the parameters of Fourier's transformations of electrogastrorhythmograms of humans after feeding are investigated as well as of dogs after vagotomy. The study has demonstrated that the method of myoelectronic electrical stimulation (with feedback) may be used for estimation of efficiency of vagotomy.     

Dependence of the emotional assessment of a printed word on the parameters of background illumination

The effect of flash illumination on the perception of generally known words has been studied. The frequency characteristics of flash illumination were coincident with the known types of bioelectric activity of the human brain. The findings have shown a change in the emotional perception of words under different experimental conditions. A notion of the possible mechanisms underlying the described effect has been formulated.     

The functional state classification and evaluation of the stability level in mental loads based on the factor structure of heart rate variability parameters

In the paper, outcomes of the researches devoted to factor analysis of heart rate variability parameters and definition of the most informative parameters for diagnostics of functional states and an evaluation of level of stability to mental loads, are presented. The factor structure of parameters, which unclude integral level of heart rate variability (1), balance between activity of vagus and brain cortical-limbic systems (2), integrated level of cardiovascular system functioning (3), is substantiated. Factor analysis outcomes have been used for construction of functional state classification, for their differential diagnostics, and for development and check of algorithm for evaluation of the stability level in mental loads.     

Dependence of Retzius' neuron reaction to succinic acid on its initial functional state

It has been shown on leech Retzius neuron that the effect of succinic acid on impulse activity, respiration and redox state of flavin nucleotides depends on initial values of these parameters with the exception of membrane potential. In this case independent of its initial value the membrane potential becomes equal to 35 +/- 6 mV. The analysis of the evidence obtained has shown that the higher is the activation of cell respiration under the effect of succinic acid, the less are changes in redox-reaction of flavin nucleotides. At stronger activation of respiration the frequency of impulse activity is increased and the value of membrane potential decreased. At smaller changes of respiration the impulse activity frequency is not changed while the membrane potential increases as a rule.     

Mechanism of functional adaptation of intestinal epithelial cells]

Using preparations of exogenous DNA and products of its in complete degradation, the causes leading to the compensatory changes of the share of membrane hydrolysus in the total invertase activity of the irradiated rat's intestinal epithelial were analysed experimentally. It is shown that the factor stimulating the enzyme redistribution towards the brush border zone is not the amount of mature villous cells, but the level of mitotic activity in crypts.     

Dependence of the evoked potentials of the auditory cortex on the parameters of acoustic stimulus]

Experiments were conducted on 40 rabbits; a study was made of the dependence of the amplitude and the latent period of the auditory evoked potentials on the intensity, duration, accretion front, frequency and the rhythm of the acoustic stimuli (the intervals between them). The intensity of the stimuli, the accretion front and the interstimulus intervals proved to influence the induced potential parameters.