人参总皂苷对人红白血病细胞株（K562）中STAT5表达的影响

旨在探讨人参总皂苷对K562细胞STAT5表达的影响.MTT法显示TSPG对K562细胞增殖抑制程度呈剂量与时间依赖性增加,且呈正相关关系.流式细胞术表明TSPG能阻止K562细胞从G0/G1期向S、G2/M期移行.激光共聚焦显微镜观察可见,TSPG 200 mg/L作用K562细胞24 h,胞浆中的STAT5荧光强度增加,而胞核内STAT5荧光强度减弱.Western blotting结果显示,TSPG作用K562细胞6 、24 、48 h,胞核中STAT5表达较对照组减少,TSPG作用72 h胞核蛋白中STAT5表达增加;TSPG作用K562细胞6 、12、24、48、72 h,胞浆内STAT5表达增加.TSPG能减少K562胞核中STAT5的表达,这可能是TSPG抑制K562细胞增殖的作用机制之一.     

促红细胞生成素的抗炎症作用研究进展

促红细胞生成素是一种造血因子,临床中广泛应用于治疗各种原因造成的贫血。近年的研究发现,EPO具有多种非造血生物作用．其中对各组织以及全身炎症反应的保护作用已成为目前的研究热点之一。但目前EPO抗炎症作用相关的机制尚不明确。本文对EPO的抗炎症作用及其可能机制作一综述,并对EPO在临床中的应用前景进行了展望。     

促红细胞生成素与肿瘤

长期以来,促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)仅仅被认为对造血系统有着自己独特的作用。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,EPO及其受体在非造血系统,特别是对肿瘤的发生发展也起着作用。在肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移、肿瘤血管形成过程中,EPO及其受体都有促进作用,而缺氧环境是肿瘤的一个重要的特征,缺氧诱导因子也可以促使EPO的释放。本文就EPO及其受体对肿瘤发展的影响作综述,为临床更好的利用EPO提供一定的理论基础。     

人参总皂苷对K562细胞STAT3表达的影响

目的:研究人参总皂苷(TSPG)体外作用k562细胞后STAT3蛋白在细胞中的表达、分布情况和STAT3通路在K562细胞分化中的作用和相关机制.方法:TSPG(200μg/ml)体外作用K562细胞不同时间,采用免疫细胞化学法、ELISA法、Western blotting法、激光共聚焦法检测K562细胞中STAT3表达、分布情况.结果:6h胞浆内STAT3蛋白吸光度0.306±0.038,12h降为0.170±0.037,之后逐渐回升,胞核内变化趋势则相反;免疫细胞化学法显示TSPG作用细胞12h,胞浆内呈浅棕色,胞核内呈深棕色;Westernblotting法检测列STAT3与β-actin吸光度比值胞浆内12h最低,胞核内最高;共聚焦观察TSPG作用细胞12h,胞浆内绿色荧光标记减少,核内绿色荧光标记增多,与红色细胞核颜色叠加呈现橙色.结论:TSPG作用K562过程中,能诱导STAT3由浆向核内转移,提示TSPG可能在JAK-STAT信号转导通路中,对促进K562细胞向成熟方向分化发挥重要作用.     

促红细胞生成素和受体在前列腺癌组织中共同过表达的研究

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)和受体(EPOR)在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达,并进一步阐述EPO和EPOR在前列腺癌发生发展中所起的作用。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测30例前列腺癌根治术组织标本中癌与增生(BPH)组织的EPO和EPOR表达及30例正常前列腺组织(NP)中的EPO和EPOR表达。前列腺癌分级采用Gleason评分。半定量EPO和EPOR评分分析免疫组化结果。同时根据细胞染色强度区分为过表达和正常表达。统计学分析采用配对样本比较Wilcoxon的秩和检验及线形回归分析。结果:大部分前列腺癌均可见EPO和EPOR同时过表达,但是前列腺增生组织只有EPO过表达;正常前列腺组织没有EPO和EPOR过表达。前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPO免疫组化评分中位数为2.38和0.93(P<0.01);前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPOR免疫组化评分中位数为2.50和0.68(P<0.01)。前列腺增生和前列腺癌的EPO和EPOR表达密切相关,但是前列腺癌的Gleason评分和EPO以及EPOR评分没有相关性(P值均>0.05)。结论:EPO和EPOR同时过表达促进前列腺癌发生发展,但是相对于EPO的过表达,EPOR过表达是前列腺癌发生更为重要的早期事件;前列腺癌组织中EPO和EPOR表达差异,提示除了缺氧外,可能还有其它机制参与EPOR的过表达。     

重组人促红细胞生成素中试纯化工艺研究

采用堆积床生物反应器,用无血清培养基培养分泌ｒｈＥＰＯ的工程细胞株ＸＰ９５０１。所收集的上清液,经过快速离子交换层析—反相—分子筛层析纯化后,所得ＥＰＯ纯度达９９％以上,比活性为１－５×１０５ＩＵ／ｍｇ。整个纯化全过程的ＥＰＯ体内活性回收率为４６％。所纯化的ＥＰＯ分子量为３６ｋｄ,等电点为３－５。免疫印迹证明其有天然ＥＰＯ的免疫原性,Ｎ端１５个氨基酸序列分析与文献报道一致。本纯化工艺路线简单,时程短,重复性好,适合于大规模生产重组人促红细胞生成素。     

重组人促红细胞生成素纯化工艺的优化

采用堆积床生物反应器,用无血清培养基培养分泌重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）的工程细胞株ZK9703.所收集的上清,采用阴离子交换层析－反相层析－分子筛层析三步纯化工艺路线,分别用Q－Sepharose XL-C4-S-200（方法Ⅰ）和DEAE Sepharose FF-Source-S-200(方法Ⅱ）纯化3批产品,所得EPO纯度达98％以上,体外比活性大于1.3^10^5IU/mg。方法Ⅰ、方法Ⅱ纯化过程的EPO体外活性回收率分别为23.56%和28.57%。本纯化方法Ⅱ工艺纯化日程短,分离效果好,EPO体内、体外活性回收率较高,更适合于大规模生产重组人促红细胞生成素。     

红细胞生成素受体介导的细胞信息通路

红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）是调节红系晚期祖细胞存活、增于和分化的主要生长因子。Ｅｐｏ通过结合细胞表面特异的红细胞生成素受体（Ｅｐｏ－Ｒ）而发挥功能。Ｅｐｏ可激活多条信息通路,且多条信息通路之间又有信息交谈（ｃｒｏｓｓｔａｌｋ）,体现了Ｅｐｏ－Ｒ介导的信号转导的复杂性和特异性。     

人促血小板生成素受体c-Mpl编码区全长cDNA的克隆及其稳定表达的细胞株的构建

以人HEL细胞总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增了人促血小板生成素受体c-Mpl编码区全长1.9kb cDNA,测序结果表明与已报道的序列一致。然后构建了c-mpl的pcDNA3表达载体pcMPL,转染不表达cmpl的K562细胞后,经G418抗性筛选,Northern blot和Southern blot检测证实获得稳定表达cmpl的细胞株。为进一步研究cMpl的生物学功能提供有用的实验材料。     

三七总皂苷通过抗炎和调血脂作用抑制大鼠动脉粥样硬化形成

目的:利用高脂饮食叠加炎症刺激诱发大鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型,在转录水平及信号转导方面探讨三七皂苷(PNS)防治炎性因素诱发AS的分子机制。方法:实验分为对照组、模型组和治疗组3组,分别腹腔注射给予无菌医用液体石蜡、酵母多糖(Zym,20mg/kg,1次/3天)、Zym(20mg/kg,1次/3天) PNS(100mg/kg,1次/天)。所有大鼠均喂食含3%胆固醇的高脂饲料。9周后,取血测定血脂水平和血液粘度;应用定量PCR法测定腹主动脉组织中抑制性核转录因子(IκBα)mRNA、心房肽(ANF)mR- NA、基质金属蛋白酶7(MMP7)mRNA以及炎性因子和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)mRNA的表达;用Western Blotting法检测IκBα的表达。结果:Zym刺激引起大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、全血粘度与血浆比粘度均显著升高,IκBαmRNA及其蛋白表达均明显降低,ANF mRNA、MMP7 mRNA和FAS mRNA表达均明显升高。与模型组相比,PNS能明显升高血脂水平、全血及血浆粘度,促进IκBαmRNA与蛋白以及ANF mRNA表达,抑制MMP7 mRNA和FAS mRNA表达。结论:PNS对炎症免疫诱发的AS有显著防治作用,其作用机制与促进IκBα的表达从而抑制相关炎症因子的生成有关,PNS对FAS的表达调节可能是其降脂的主要机制之一。     

Proteomic analysis of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)

Although many reports have been published regarding the pharmacological effects of ginseng, little is known about the biochemical pathways operant in ginsenoside biosynthesis, or the genes involved therein. Proteomics analysis is an approach to elucidate the physiological characteristics and biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides, main components of ginseng. In this review, we introduced the recent progress in proteomics studies of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). We briefly reference the genomic analyses of P. ginseng, without which proteomics approaches would have been impossible. Functional genomics studies regarding secondary metabolism in P. ginseng are also introduced here, in order to introduce possible future prospects for further study.     

三七总皂甙对动物脑缺血性损伤的保护作用

观察三七总皂甙（ＳａｐｏｎｉｎｓｏｆＰａｎａｘｎｏｔｏｇｉｎｓｅｎｇＰＮＳ）对小鼠全脑缺血和大鼠局灶性脑缺血（ＭＣＡＯ）的影响。结果发现ＰＮＳ（５０、１００ｍｇ．ｋｇ－１×３ｄ,ｉｐ）明显延长断头或ｉｖ饱和ＭｇＣｌ２后喘息持续时间。ＰＮＳ２００ｍｇ．ｋｇ－１术前３０ｍｉｎ或ＭＣＡＯ术后１５ｍｉｎｉｐ能减少ＭＣＡＯ术后２４ｈ脑梗塞面积,改善神经功能障碍及行为异常,减轻神经细胞缺血性损害。提示ＰＮＳ对缺血性脑损伤有保护作用。     

Enzymes hydrolyzing structural components and ferrous ion cause rusty-root symptom on ginseng (Panax ginseng)

Microbial induction of rusty-root was proved in this study. The enzymes hydrolyzing plant structural materials, including pectinase, pectolyase, ligninase, and cellulase, caused the rusty-root in ginseng. Pectinase and pectolyase produced the highest rusty-color formation. Ferrous ion (Fe+++) caused the synergistic effect on rusty-root formation in ginseng when it was used with pectinase. The effect of ferric ion (Fe++) on rusty-root formation was slow, compared with Fe+++, probably due to gradual oxidation to Fe+++. Other metal ions including the ferric ion (Fe++) did not affect rusty-root formation. The endophytic bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Lysobacter gummosus, Pseudomonas veronii, Pseudomonas marginalis, Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Rhodococcus globerulus, and the rotten-root forming phytophathogenic fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans, caused rusty-root. The polyphenol formation (rusty color) was not significantly different between microorganisms. The rotten-root-forming C. destructans produced large quantities of external cellulase activity (about 2.3 U[micronM/min/mg protein]), which indicated the pathogenecity of the fungus, whereas the bacteria produced 0.1-0.7 U. The fungal external pectinase activities (0.05 U) and rusty-root formation activity were similar to those of the bacteria. In this report, we proved that microbial hydrolyzing enzymes caused rusty-root (Hue value 15 degrees) of ginseng, and ferrous ion worsened the symptom.     

Injury-Related Factors and Conditions Down-Regulate the Thrombin Receptor (PAR-1) in a Human Neuronal Cell Line

Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that thrombin can induce potent effects on neural cell morphology, biochemistry, and viability. Nearly all of these effects are mediated by proteolytic activation of the thrombin receptor (PAR-1). Mechanisms of PAR-1 regulation in several nonneural cell types have been shown to be novel and cell type specific; however, little is known about PAR-1 regulation in neural cells. In the present study, PAR-1 cell surface expression and regulation were examined in a transformed retinoblast (Ad12 HER 10) cell line using radioiodinated anti-PAR-1 monoclonal antibodies ATAP2, which recognizes intact and cleaved receptors, and SPAN12, which is specific for the intact form of the receptor. Scatchard analysis revealed high-affinity, specific binding to a single affinity class of receptors: K_D = 3.13 and 5.25 nM, B_max = 190.1 and 67.8 fmol/mg of protein for ¹²⁵I-ATAP2 and ¹²⁵I-SPAN12, respectively. Specificity for PAR-1 was confirmed by demonstrating rapid and near complete decreases for both antibodies following treatment with thrombin or PAR-1 activating peptide (SFLLRN). Differential antibody binding was used to demonstrate rapid and near complete thrombin-induced PAR-1 cleavage and internalization, with protein synthesis-dependent replacement of intact receptors occurring over longer time intervals, but only minimal recycling of cleaved receptors. A variety of factors and conditions were screened for their effects on PAR-1 expression. Significant decreases in PAR-1 expression were induced by the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (87% at 3 h), the phospholipid inflammatory mediator lysophosphatidic acid (32% at 3 h), and the injury-related condition hypoglycemia (64 and 100% at 24 h in the absence and presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, respectively). The effect of hypoglycemia was shown by RNase protection to be at least partially pretranslational. Finally, thrombin's ability to enhance hypoglycemia-induced cell killing correlated temporally with PAR-1 cell surface expression.     

Production of ginsenoside saponins by culturing ginseng (Panax ginseng) embryogenic tissues in bioreactors

Summary Ginseng (Panax ginseng) embryogenic tissues were cultured in three types of reactors and the ginsenoside productivities in these tissues were compared. As a result, the saponin productivity was the best when an airlift reactor was used, and more than twice of that when a paddle or internal turbine reactor was used. The tissues grew 9 fold during 42 days, and the ginsenoside pattern resembled that of ginseng leaves.Part 98 in the series Studies on Plant Tissue Cultures For Part 97 see Orihara, Y., and Furuya, T., (1993) submitted for publication.