共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
Su Wei Wen Hwang Wen-Ing Kim Se Young Sagawa Yoneo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,50(2):91-95
A modified culture protocol has been developed for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica (neem). Embryogenic calluses were initiated from cotyledons or hypocotyls using a Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented
with 0.5 mg l−1 α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1 g l−1 casein hydrolysate, and 50 g l−1 sucrose. The calluses, when transferred to a liquid medium similar to the agar medium but with NAA replaced by 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), formed globular structures which further developed a rudimentary root, after 4 to 5 weeks incubation.
Subsequently, these highly differentiated tissues when transferred into a hormone-free MS medium containing 1 g l−1 casein hydrolysate and 50 g l−1 sucrose, active embryo masses started to appear after 1 to 2 weeks. The embryo production was found to improve more than
2 fold by adding 0.2 mg l−1 zeatin to the medium.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Embryogenic cultures were induced from leaflets from new vegetative flushes of mature ‘Brewster’ litchi trees on B5 medium
containing 400 mg l−1 glutamine, 200 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate, 30 g l−1 sucrose, 4.52 μM 2,4-D, 9.30 μM kinetin and 3 g l−1 gellan gum in darkness. Embryogenic cultures consisting of proembryonic cells and masses were maintained either on semi-solid
MS medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-D and 0.91 μM zeatin or as embryogenic suspension cultures in liquid medium of the
same composition. Maturation of somatic embryos occurred on semi-solid MS medium with 5–20% (v/v) filter-sterilized coconut
water in darkness. Recovery of plants from somatic embryos was improved with 14.4 μM GA3 on half-strength MS medium with 0.2 g l−1 activated charcoal under a 16 h photoperiod provided by cool white fluorescent lights (60–80 μmol s−1 m−2). Plants have been successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. 相似文献
3.
A. Śliwińska O. Olszowska M. Furmanowa A. Nosov 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(2):69-77
Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was achieved in Polyscias filicifolia. Embryogenic calluses were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg l−1 benzylaminopurine (BAP; type I callus) and on MS medium with 2.0 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.01 mg l−1 kinetin (type II callus) from leaf explants of a 2-yr-old plant. Primary somatic embryos (PSEs) developed after four passages
of suspension culture established from embryogenic callus when cultured in liquid half-strength MS medium (1/2 MS) without
growth regulators. PSEs in the cotyledonary stage were multiplied by adventitious embryogenesis. Single secondary somatic
embryos (SSEs) or their clusters developed at the base of PSE hypocotyls and regenerated into plantlets in a one-step process
on plant growth regulator-free 1/2 MS medium. Low sucrose concentration of 15 g l−1 promoted development of normal SSEs. All SSEs regenerated into single, well-rooted plantlets on a Nitsch and Nitsch medium
supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin, 0.1 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid, and 10 mg l−1 adenine sulfate. Subsequent two subculture cycles on the same medium were necessary to obtain plantlets sufficiency developed
to allow successful transfer to the soil. Rooted plantlets were established in a peat mixture with 90% survival, with the
plants showing normal morphological characteristics. 相似文献
4.
A three-stage procedure for embryogenesis in Trachyspermum ammi was developed from cotyledon and cotyledonary node explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented
with 0.2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Globular somatic embryos without intervening callus phase developed in 4 wk. The
development of embryos to heart and torpedo stages required second-stage subculture of the explants (along with developing
embryos) in liquid medium with lower concentrations of 2,4-D. Further development of embryos required a third-stage subculture
in hormone-free liquid medium supplemented with 100 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate. Regeneration of complete plantlets occurred after the fully developed somatic embryos were transferred
to solidified half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 gibberellic acid. 相似文献
5.
Organogenic cultures were induced from zygotic embryo and megagametophyte explants of the Central American cycad species,
Dioon edule. Plant growth medium consisted of B5 major salts, Murashige and Skoog minor salts and organics, 400 mg l−1 glutamine, 100 mg l−1 arginine, 100 mg l−1 asparagine, 60 g l−1 sucrose, 8 g l−1 Difco Bacto agar and was supplemented with kinetin (0 – 13.94 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0 – 9.05 μM)
arranged as a 5×4 factorial in a randomized block design. Callus initiation occurred on a wide range of medium formulations
from megagametophyte explants; however, shoot formation occurred only on medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D. In comparison,
callus initiation from explanted zygotic embryos occurred on fewer medium formulations, and adventitious shoot induction occurred
from callus on formulations with 9.29–13.94 μM kinetin + 0.45–9.05 μM 2,4-D. Rooted shoots, derived from megagametophyte and
zygotic embryo cultures, have been regenerated.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
De Klerk Geert-Jan Brugge Jolanda Ter Marinova Svetla 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,50(1):39-44
The production of an antifungal spirostanol saponin designated SC-1 has been detected in cell suspension cultures of the Mexican
species Solanum chrysotrichum. Batch cultures of a cell suspension obtained from hypocotyl derived calluses of this species
were grown for 25 days in shake flasks containing Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. Throughout the growth cycle, fresh and dry
weight, SC-1 yield, and uptake of sucrose, glucose and fructose were determined. The effects of inoculum size and sucrose
concentration on the biomass accumulation and synthesis of the active metabolite, were studied. The maximum SC-1 production,
above 14 mg.g−1 (which was fifty times that of field grown plants), was reached after 20 days using a 2% inoculum and complete MS medium
supplemented with 2 mgl−1 2,4-D, 2 mg l−1kinetin, and sucrose between 30 and 45 gl−1.
.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
A procedure is outlined for the establishment of a proliferating cell suspension culture and subsequent plant regeneration
of the latex-producing plant,Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br. Friable calluses were obtained by culturing hypocotyl explants on modified Murashige and Skoog medium with
2.69 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 4.44 μM 6-benzyl-aminopurine. Friable calluses were transferred to modified Murashige
and Skoog liquid medium containing 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate, 5% (v/v) coconut water and 5% (w/v) sucrose to initiate suspension cultures. Suspensions were subcultured
every 10–12 days and supplemented with 13.56 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After 3–4 subcultures, suspensions
consisted of small, highly cytoplasmic cell clumps and large vacuolate cells. Plating the suspension clumps on medium containing
4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and culturing in darkness produced macroscopic calluses, which subsequently produced
a high number of shoots when placed in light and supplemented with 2.22 μM 6-benzyl-aminopurine and 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid. Shoots were rooted using Bonner's solution containing 0.49 μM indole-3-butyric acid, and the plants successfully transferred
to soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
The nature of the explant, seedling age, medium type, plant growth regulators, complex extracts (casein hydrolysate, coconut
milk, malt extract and yeast extract) and antioxidants (activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone)
markedly influenced in vitro propagation of Gymnema sylvestre. A maximum number of shoots (57.2) were induced from 30 day old seedling axillary node explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium containing 6-benzyladenine (1 mg l−1), kinetin (0.5 mg l−1), 1-napthalene acetic acid (0.1 mg l−1), malt extract (100 mg l−1) and citric acid (100 mg l−1). High frequency of rooting was obtained in axillary node explant derived shoots (50%) on half strength MS medium supplemented
with IBA (3 mg l−1). The plantlets, thus developed, were hardened and successfully established in natural soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Summary Sodium chloride-tolerant plantlets of Dendrocalamus strictus were regenerated successfully from NaCl-tolerant embryogenic callus via somatic embryogenesis. The selection of embryogenic
callus tolerant to 100 mM NaCl was made by exposing the callus to increasing (0–200 mM) concentrations of NaCl in Murashige and Skoog medium having 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar, 3.0 mg l−1 (13.6 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 0.5mg l−1 (2.3μM) kinetin (callus initiation medium). The tolerance of the selected embryogenic callus to 100 mM NaCl was stable through three successive transfers on NaCl-free callus initiation medium. The tolerant embryogenic callus
had high levels of Na+, sugar, free amino acids, and proline but a slight decline was recorded in K+ level. The stable 100 mM NaCl-tolerant embryogenic callus differentiated somatic embryos on maintenance medium [MS medium +3% sucrose +0.8% agar +2.0
mg l−1 (9.0 μM) 2,4-D+0.5 mg l−1 (2.3 μM) kinetin] supplemented with different (0–200 mM) concentrations of NaCl. About 39% of mature somatic embryos tolerant to 100 mM NaCl germinated and converted into plantlets in germination medium [half-strength MS+2% sucrose+0.02 mg l−1 (0.1 μM) α-naphthaleneacetic acid +0.1 mg l−1 (0.49 μM) indole-3-butyric acid] containing 100 mM NaCl. Of these plantlets about 31% established well on transplantation into a garden soil and sand (1:1) mixture containing
0.2% (w/w) NaCl. 相似文献
10.
Calli were induced from mature caryopses of timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) supplemented with 500 mg·dm−3 casein hydrolysate and 5 mg·dm−3 2,4-D (2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid) or 2 mg·dm−3 dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid). Twelve-week-old calli were passaged on media with reduced levels of auxins (2 mg·dm−3 2,4-D or 1 mg·dm−3 dicamba). Tissues induced on medium with 2,4-D were transferred on medium with 2,4-D and on medium with dicamba; parallely
calli initiated on medium with dicamba were passaged on medium with 2,4-D or dicamba. Calli from various media sequences were
used to establish cell suspension cultures in media containing 2 mg·dm−3 2,4-D or 1 mg·dm−3 dicamba. An assessment of regeneration ability of calli was made on MS medium containing 0.2 mg·dm−3 kinetin. Callus tissue induced and/or subcultured on any of the media with 2,4-D did not regenerate plants while dicamba
added to the media was the effective stimulator of regenerability. In the presence of 2,4-D calli and suspensions produced
a jelly-like extracellular matrix. In cell suspension this phenomenon was observed 4–5 days after each passage. The measurements
of electric potential of calli, growing on MS medium with kinetin were performed. Non-regenerating callus areas had an electric
potential close to 0 mV while parts of tissue with meristematic centres were characterized by lower values of electric potential. 相似文献
11.
Friable callus cultures were initiated from cotyledons and hypocotyls of Opuntia ficus-indica. Explants from cotyledons produced significantly more callus than those from hypocotyls. Optimum callus growth was observed
on Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with 0.9 μM 6-furfurylaminopurine, 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1.0 μM
4-amino 3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid, 400 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate and 3% sucrose. The same medium without agar was used for establishing cell suspensions.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Summary Friable calli were induced on leaf segments of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. on B5 medium containing 1 mg l–1 2,4-D and 2 g l–1 casein hydrolysate. Cell suspension cultures were readily established from these friable calli and protoplasts could be isolated from the cells with yields of 1–3×107/g f. wt.. By culturing in 0.1 % gellan gum-solidified B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg l–1 2,4-D and 0.1 M each of sucrose and mannitol at a density of 1×105/ml, the protoplasts divided within 6 days and formed macro-colonies after 2 months of culture. Shoot regeneration from protoplast-derived calli was obtained by sequential treatment of the calli with plant growth regulators: initially with 1 mg l–1 each of NAA and BA for 2 months followed by 0.01 mg l–1 NAA and 5 mg l–1 BA for 4 months. Regenerated plants were established after rooting of the shoots on half-strength MS medium, and successfully transferred to the greenhouse. The regenerated plants grew into flowering stage and showed the same phenotype as the parent plant.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- f. wt
fresh weight
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- PE
plating efficiency 相似文献
13.
Sun Hee Woo Arun Nair Taiji Adachi Clayton G. Campbell 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):358-361
Summary Plants were regenerated from cotyledon tissue of greenhouse grown seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). Maximum callus regeneration was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D (2.0 mg l−1) and kinetin (KIN) (0.2 mg l−1) and either 3 or 6% sucrose. Friable callus was transferred to MS media containing KIN and benzylaminopurine (BAP) at varied
concentrations for embryogenic callus induction. The optimum medium for embryogenic callus induction was found to be MS medium
supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 KIN, 2.0 mg l−1 BAP and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Variation of sucrose from 3 to 6% did not show any significant effect on callus induction or embryogenesis.
Regeneration of embryonic callus varied from 13 to 32%. Whole plants were obtained at high frequencies when the embryogenic
calluses with somatic embryos and organized shoot primordia were transferred to half-strength MS media with 3% sucrose. Regenerated
plants after acclimation were transferred to greenhouse conditions, and both vegetative and floral characteristics were observed
for variation. This regeneration system may be valuable for genetic transformation and cell selection in common buckwheat. 相似文献
14.
Jianhui Wang Lizhe An Ruoyu Wang Daqun Yang Jing Si Xuanying Fu Jianfeng Chang Shijian Xu 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(2):148-151
Summary A method was developed for in vitro regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis in Chorispora bungeana, an alpine plant with freeze-tolerance, using cell suspensions initiated from leaf-derived callus. Primary calli were induced
from leaves of C. bungeana grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.2 mgl−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mgl−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Suspension culture was initiated by incubating the callus particulates in liquid
MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl−1 kinetin (KT) and 0.2 mgl−1 NAA. Individual early cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos isolated from cell suspension developed into whole plants on medium
containing high levels of sucrose (60 and 90 gl−1), whereas lower sucrose concentrations (0 and 30 gl−1) were inhibitory to main root development. On the MS medium with 90 gl−1 sucrose, one regenerated plant exhibited hetero-morphologic leaves, while other plants grown on different media showed a
transformation from stem to root. 相似文献
15.
The cell cultures of Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae) a tropical lianas, were maintained in Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.25 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid, 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin and 250 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate. Cell suspension cultures of C. trifolia accumulate stilbenes (piceid, resveratrol, viniferin, ampelopsin) which on addition of 0.1–0.5 mg l−1 morphactin in the medium containing naphthalene acetic acid and kinetin declined. Morphactin or 2 isopentenyl adenine alone
at 0.1 mg l−1 concentration enhanced stilbenes which on combination markedly enhanced the yield to ~5 mg l−1 at 15th day. 相似文献
16.
Li Liu Xiaoli Fan Junwei Zhang Meiling Yan Manzhu Bao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(6):673-680
In this study, we have demonstrated that Zoysia japonica callus induced from mature seeds can produce high frequencies of plant regeneration and somatic embryogenesis, even following
a prolonged period of subculturing. Initial callus cultures were induced from mature seeds of Japanese lawngrass (Z. japonica Steud.) incubated on a medium containing major N6 medium salts, minor Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium salts, and modified MS medium organic elements supplemented with 3 mg
L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.01–0.02 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine. Compact callus were selected and subcultured monthly on a medium containing 2 mg L−1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg L−1 kinetin, 500 mg L−1 casein hydrolysate, 500 mg L−1 proline, and 500 mg L−1 myoinositol. Callus maintained in vitro for 18 mo could be induced to regenerate plantlets with a frequency of >90%. By contrast, 36-mo-old callus cultures failed
to produce normal shoot regeneration. However, the addition of CuSO4 to the subculture media maintained >90% regeneration frequencies in such long-term callus cultures. Histological observations
revealed that plant regeneration occurred both through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis pathways. The ability to sustainable
regeneration in long-term callus cultures will be valuable to the program of genetic transformation and somaclonal variant
selection. 相似文献
17.
Embryogenic cultures were induced from pinnae removed from young leaf flushes of mature-phase trees of the endangered cycad
species, Ceratozamia euryphyllidia. Induction media consisted of B5 major salts, Murashige and Skoog minor salts and organics, 400 mg l–1 glutamine, 100 mg l–1 asparagine, 100 mg l–1 arginine, 60 g l–1 sucrose, 2 g l–1 gellan gum, 4.65–13.94 μm kinetin and 4.52–9.05 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Cultures were maintained in darkness. Embryogenic cultures were comprised of precotyledonary
somatic embryos that proliferated by somatic polyembryogenesis following subculture onto medium without plant growth regulators.
Somatic embryo development and maturation occurred spontaneously from proliferating cultures on medium without plant growth
regulators. Somatic embryos were monocotyledonous and mature somatic embryos germinated on semisolid medium without growth
regulators. Subsequent development, which included the elongation of the first leaves, occurred only after subculture onto
semisolid medium without plant growth regulators containing 0.5% (wt/vol) activated charcoal and under low light intensity.
The time period from explanting to plant recovery was approximately 3 years.
Received: 25 September 1997 / Revision received: 16 December 1997 / Accepted: 29 December 1997 相似文献
18.
Simões-Gurgel Claudia Cordeiro Lívia da Silva de Castro Tatiana Carvalho Callado Cátia Henriques Albarello Norma Mansur Elisabeth 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(3):537-545
The effects of different levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and sucrose
on anthocyanin production and biomass accumulation of cell suspension cultures of Cleome rosea were investigated. Cultures were established in liquid MS medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose and supplemented with 0.90 μM 2,4-D. Proliferating cell suspension cultures achieved the highest growth capacity,
a fourfold increase in biomass accumulation, following subculture at the exponential growth phase, 14–18 days of culture.
Moreover, the presence of 2,4-D was essential for anthocyanin production and biomass accumulation. On the other hand, increasing
levels of sucrose above 30 g l−1 resulted in a drastic reduction in biomass accumulation. Anthocyanin production was highest in cell suspension cultures grown
on half-strength MS medium (1/2 MS), 30 g l−1 sucrose, and 0.45 μM 2,4-D. These cell suspension cultures were mainly composed of small aggregates of spherical cells with
similar morphology observed in anthocyanin-producing and non-producing cultures. Moreover, microscopic analysis of anthocyanin-producing
cultures showed the presence of mixtures of non-pigmented, low-pigmented, and high-pigmented cells. 相似文献
19.
B. L. Lad S. Jayasankar F. Pliego-Alfaro P. A. Moon R. E. Litz 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(4):253-257
Summary Embryogenic nucellar cultures were established on B5 major salts, MS minor salts and organics, 400 mg/l−1 glutamine, 60 g/l−1 sucrose, 2 g/l−1 gellan gum, and 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). There was no clear relationship between developmental age of the nucellar explants
and induction of embryogenic cultures. The temporal requirements for culture initiation and for induction of embryogenic competence
from nucellar explants were determined by pulsing the cultures for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 d. Culture initiation
required a minimum 7–14 d pulse with 2,4-D, and was maximum after a 56-d pulse; however, embryogenic competence was optimum
after a minimum of 28 d exposure to 2,4-D. Somatic embryogenesis occurred directly from the nucellar explants at low frequencies.
Somatic embryo maturation only occurred following plating of suspensions onto semisolid medium, and was stimulated by 2.4–4.8
μM kinetin and 4.4 μM 6-benzyladenine. 相似文献
20.
Medha Shrikhande S. R. Thengane A. F. Mascarenhas 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1993,29(1):38-42
Summary Media for induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledonary tissues ofAzadirachta indica (Neem) were determined. Callus was initiated on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·liter−1 of indol-3 acetic acid, 1.0 mg·liter−1 of 6-benzyl amino purine, and 1000 mg·liter−1 of casein hydrolysate. Effect of kinetin was also studied for embryo induction. Carbohydrate source in the form of sucrose
and glucose alone and in combination was tested for embryogenic efficiency. Seventy percent embryos showed germination. Healthy
plants were potted in sand and soil. Histologic studies confirmed indirect somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献