Age-dependent responses of tree-ring growth and intra-annual density fluctuations of Pinus pinaster to Mediterranean climate

Dendrochronology generally assumes that climate–growth relationships are age independent once the biological growth trend has been removed. However, tree physiology, namely, photosynthetic capacity and hydraulic conductivity changes with age. We tested whether the radial-growth response to climate and the intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) of Pinus pinaster Ait. varied with age. Trees were sampled in Pinhal de Leiria (Portugal), and were divided in two age classes: young (<65 years old) and old (>115 years old). Earlywood and tree-ring width of young P. pinaster trees were more sensitive to climate influence while the response of latewood width to climate was stronger in old trees. Young trees start the growing season earlier, thus a time window delay occurs between young and old trees during which wood cells of young trees integrate environmental signals. Young trees usually have a longer growing season and respond faster to climate conditions, thus young P. pinaster trees presented a higher frequency of IADFs compared with old trees. Most of the IADFs were located in latewood and were positively correlated to autumn precipitation. The radial-growth response of P. pinaster to climate and the IADFs frequency were age dependent. The use of trees with different age to create a tree-ring chronology for climate studies can increase the resolution of climatic signals. Age-dependent responses to climate can also give important clues to predict how young and old trees react to climate change.     

气候变暖背景下杉木年轮密度对气候因子的响应

为探讨杉木年轮密度与气候因子的响应关系,采用树木年轮学方法,以60年生杉木种源林为研究对象,测定杉木整轮密度、早材密度、晚材密度、晚材最大密度和早材最小密度,分析在气候变暖条件下主要气候因子（温度、降水、相对湿度）对杉木年轮密度及其生长的影响。结果表明：杉木不同年轮密度指标均受到温度、降水和相对湿度的显著影响。早材密度与当年夏季最高温度、当年5月降水量,最大密度与当年10月、当年秋季降水量,最小密度与前一年秋季降水量、最小相对湿度呈显著负相关。滑动相关分析表明气候因子在短时间尺度上对杉木生长影响的稳定性有显著影响,其中杉木年轮最大密度与当年10月、秋季的平均相对湿度和最小相对湿度,最小密度与当年2、3月的平均相对湿度和前一年秋季的平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度、降水量的负相关关系最为稳定。杉木年轮最小密度对前一年气候要素的响应存在滞后效应,且晚材密度对当年春季的气候要素响应也存在滞后效应。研究结果对开展亚热带针叶树种年轮生态学和年轮气候学研究具有重要参考价值,建议选择武夷山的天然林获取更长年表用于重建古气候。     

Tree-ring growth and intra-annual density fluctuations of Pinus pinaster responses to climate: does size matter?

Dendroclimatology generally assumes that climate–growth relationships are age and size independent. However, there is evidence that climate response can be unstable across different age/size classes. In addition, the occurrence of some anatomical features, such as intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs), is age dependent. The present study investigates whether the climate–growth responses and the occurrence of IADFs in an even-aged stand of Pinus pinaster Ait., growing under Mediterranean climate, are also size-dependent. We randomly selected 60 P. pinaster trees falling within two stem diameter classes: small (<27 cm) and large (>35 cm). Tree rings were crossdated, measured and IADFs identified according to their position within the ring. The residual chronologies of both size classes were strongly correlated, suggesting a common signal. In fact, similar growth–climate relationships were observed in large and small trees. The frequency of IADFs was higher in large than in small trees, suggesting that IADFs were more likely to occur in wider rings of fast-growing trees. In both size classes, most of the IADFs were found in latewood. Latewood IADFs were triggered by the combination of dry June, wet September, and warm December, whereas IADFs located at the end of earlywood were triggered by previous winter precipitation and favorable conditions before summer (high precipitation for large trees and lower temperature for small trees). Our results suggest that IADFs can be a mechanism used at the individual level for adaptation to drought in P. pinaster. The climatic signal of IADFs between earlywood and latewood was mediated by stem size suggesting that future tree-ring studies should include trees stratified by size to better estimate the sensitivity of IADFs to climate.     

Influence of climate on tree-ring and earlywood vessel formation in Quercus robur in Latvia

We studied the effects of climatic factors on tree-ring width and vessel lumen area (VLA) in earlywood of English oak (Quercus robur L.) in Latvia. Cores were obtained from healthy canopy oaks in 40 stands located across Latvia. Tree-ring widths and VLA were measured. Principal component analysis was used to arrange the sites along gradients of response of tree-ring width and earlywood to environmental factors. Significant relationships of tree-ring width and mean VLA with climatic factors (mean monthly temperature and precipitation sum) were determined by correlation analysis. Relationships between tree-ring, early- and latewood widths were tested in three sampled stands. The patterns of response of VLA and tree-ring width to environmental factors differed in relation to a west–east gradient of increasing continentality. Three regions of Latvia (western, central and eastern) were distinguished along this gradient. Responses to climate differed between tree-ring width and mean VLA. Occurrence of significant correlations between climatic factors and the proxies differed between regions, likely due to regional differences in temperature and precipitation. Tree-ring width correlated with climatic factors (most commonly with March, May and June temperature and August precipitation of the current growing season and July–August temperatures of the previous growing season); VLA was more strongly related to climatic factors, particularly with temperature in winter and spring months. The proportion of significant correlation coefficients with climatic factors differed between the regions. Among sites, significant correlation of tree-ring width with temperature in spring and summer was more frequent in the western region, while correlation with winter temperature of the previous growing season and precipitation in August was more frequent in the eastern region. For VLA, the frequency of significant correlation coefficients with temperature in winter and spring was higher in the eastern region.     

江西大岗山林区樟树年轮对气候变化的响应

采用ARSTAN软件对江西大岗山林区樟树年轮生长趋势进行去除和指数化后,建立了樟树年表,并研究了樟树年轮宽度对气候变化的响应.结果表明：所建樟树年表包含了丰富的环境气候信息,适于进行树木年轮生态学分析研究;研究区樟树年轮宽度与生长季的月均温度呈正相关,其中,与4、5月的平均温度呈显著相关关系（P<0.05）;樟树年轮宽度与月降水量的相关性较复杂,与当年5月（P<0.01）及上年12月（P<0.05）降水量呈显著负相关,与当年6月和8月降水量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;樟树年轮宽度与当年5、6、8和9月湿润度指数的相关性较好.温度和降水的综合影响显著作用于大岗山樟树年轮生长.     

Nonannual tree rings in a climate‐sensitive Prioria copaifera chronology in the Atrato River,Colombia

In temperate climates, tree growth dormancy usually ensures the annual nature of tree rings, but in tropical environments, determination of annual periodicity can be more complex. The purposes of the work are as follows: (1) to generate a reliable tree‐ring width chronology for Prioria copaifera Griseb. (Leguminoceae), a tropical tree species dwelling in the Atrato River floodplains, Colombia; (2) to assess the climate signal recorded by the tree‐ring records; and (3) to validate the annual periodicity of the tree rings using independent methods. We used standard dendrochronological procedures to generate the P. copaifera tree‐ring chronology. We used Pearson correlations to evaluate the relationship of the chronology with the meteorological records, climate regional indices, and gridded precipitation/sea surface temperature products. We also evaluated 24 high‐precision ¹⁴C measurements spread over a range of preselected tree rings, with assigned calendar years by dendrochronological techniques, before and after the bomb spike in order to validate the annual nature of the tree rings. The tree‐ring width chronology was statistically reliable, and it correlated significantly with local records of annual and October–December (OND) streamflow and precipitation across the upper river watershed (positive), and OND temperature (negative). It was also significantly related to the Oceanic Niño Index, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Southern Oscillation Index, as well as sea surface temperatures over the Caribbean and the Pacific region. However, ¹⁴C high‐precision measurements over the tree rings demonstrated offsets of up to 40 years that indicate that P. copaifera can produce more than one ring in certain years. Results derived from the strongest climate–growth relationship during the most recent years of the record suggest that the climatic signal reported may be due to the presence of annual rings in some of those trees in recent years. Our study alerts about the risk of applying dendrochronology in species with challenging anatomical features defining tree rings, commonly found in the tropics, without an independent validation of annual periodicity of tree rings. High‐precision ¹⁴C measurements in multiple trees are a useful method to validate the identification of annual tree rings.     

Climatic control of intra-annual wood density fluctuations of Pinus pinaster in NW Spain

Tree rings of Pinus pinaster often contain intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs), which have been attributed to the succession of dry and rainy periods typical of Mediterranean climate, but their formation has not been studied yet under Atlantic climate. We analyzed the occurrence and climatic significance of replicated IADFs in ten monospecific stands in NW Spain. The frequency of IADFs was higher than previously reported for this species under Mediterranean conditions and consistently decreased with increasing elevation. The formation of bands of latewood-like tracheids within the earlywood was favored by dry previous August, cold previous winter and dry April. Bands of earlywood-like tracheids within the early latewood were also favored by low winter temperatures. However, their occurrence was geographically heterogeneous, with two groups of stands being defined by their distances to the shoreline. In coastal stands, cold May–August triggered IADFs formation, while in inland stands their formation was favored by dry May–July. Regional winter temperatures and April water balance were strongly related to the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, which greatly conditioned the occurrence of IADFs in the earlywood and the early latewood. By contrast, the presence of bands of earlywood-like tracheids in the late latewood was independent of the EA pattern, being strongly related to warm conditions in spring and especially to a wet October. The link between regional climate and the EA pattern strongly controlled the physiological processes that determine intra-annual growth dynamics and short-term cell enlargement of P. pinaster in NW Spain.     

利用树木年轮重建赣南地区1890年以来 2-3月份温度的变化

采用树木年轮气候学方法,利用江西赣南地区马尾松(Pinus massoniana)的年轮宽度资料,分析了马尾松径向生长与气候要素变化的相关及响应关系,结果表明赣南地区马尾松径向生长与当年2—3月份的平均温度相关性最高。在响应分析的基础上,重建了江西赣南地区1890年以来2—3月份温度的变化历史。重建序列显示在过去119a中研究区存在3个较为明显的冷期(1892—1906年、1918—1922年、1944—1957年)和3个明显的暖期(1909—1917年、1959—1968年和1998—2008年)。     

新疆阿勒泰地区西伯利亚红松径向生长对气候水文的响应

利用采自新疆阿勒泰地区西伯利亚红松树轮样本,建立树轮标准化年表,对气候水文因子对西伯利亚红松径向生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明: 西伯利亚红松年表包含较高的气候信息,与当年5—6月平均温度、平均最高温度表现出显著的负相关,与当年5—6月帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)表现出显著的正相关,与当年1—6月降水表现出显著的正相关,与上一年11月额尔齐斯河径流表现出明显的正相关。温度和降水共同影响该地区西伯利亚红松的径向生长,其中生长期前期降水与夏季温度是影响径向生长的关键气候要素。对年表极值年的研究发现,厄尔尼诺-南方振动(ENSO)及全球大尺度环流与西伯利亚红松径向生长存在联系,ENSO通过对中亚上空气旋位置的影响使输送到阿勒泰地区的水汽产生变化,从而影响到西伯利亚红松的径向生长。     

Climatic signal in growth-rings of Copaifera lucens: An endemic species of a Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot,southeastern Brazil

In this study, we present the first tree-ring chronology for the tropical tree species Copaifera lucens and its climatic signal in southeastern Brazil. Tree-ring width series were compared with local climate indices using a drought index (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index —SPEI), in monthly, bi-monthly and four-monthly scales. We also calculated negative pointer years over the time-span of the tree-ring width. The radial growth of C. lucens showed a positive correlation with the SPEI of the current summer and autumn in all the three analyzed time scales, while the negative pointer years matched with drier years. The species was highly sensitive to very low summer precipitation, which may lead to a 49% reduction in growth. We conclude that the long-living C. lucens has a great potential for dendrochronological studies as it shows a marked climatic signal. Our study also reinforces the importance of rainfall in regulating radial growth in tropical forests and sheds light on the local climate influence on tree growth in recent decades.     

Intra-annual tree-ring parameters indicating differences in drought stress of Pinus sylvestris forests within the Erico-Pinion in the Valais (Switzerland)

The effects of drought on radial growth of Pinussylvestris were investigated by comparing sites along hydricgradients. The gradients were located in Valais, an inner Alpine dry valley inSwitzerland, with each consisting of two site types, an extreme dry, xeric siteand a less dry, moderate site. The two site types were assigned tophytosociological associations within the Erico-Pinion. The investigationcovered the responses of tree growth to climate and particularly concentratedonintra-annual features of tree-rings such as earlywood/latewood ratio,intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) and traumatic tissues (TTs) as wellasthe sapwood/heartwood ratio. Radial growth differed according to the sitetypes,with trees on dry sites generally showing more missing rings, lower mean ringwidths, lower autocorrelation, higher mean sensitivities, reduced latewoodproportions and lower sapwood areas than trees on moderate sites. Therelationships between climate and tree-ring width, studied using responsefunction analysis, varied strongly between the site types within theErico-Pinion: Tree growth on dry sites was positively influenced byprecipitation at the end of the winter and the beginning of the growing seasonand negatively influenced by temperature in June. Winter precipitation waspositively correlated with radial growth, demonstrating its importance for thesuccessful root and shoot growth of the plants in spring on dry sites. Onmoderate sites, tree growth was less controlled by climate than by priorgrowth.The intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) provided a valuable means todifferentiate between the site types. In comparison to the moderate sites, thetrees on dry sites contained more IADFs, and their frequency was increased.Moist-cool conditions in the middle of the growing season were the triggeringfactor for IADFs on dry sites, whereas on moderate sites, there must be anadditional warm period in early summer in order to initiate IADFs. Most IADFswere found in latewood. We found no relationship between climate and traumatictissues (TTs). It is unclear whether other abiotic or biotic factors such aswounding by insects or birds are responsible for the development of TTs. Theassignment of these differences in tree growth behaviour to phytosociologicalassociations will enable a deeper understanding of the site types and willfacilitate the comparison with similar studies. Furthermore, the results can becombined with studies from other scientific disciplines concerning thesephytosociological associations. The ecological indicator values of thevegetation was a precise method for the distinction of site types.     

A lonely dot on the map: Exploring the climate signal in tree-ring density and stable isotopes of clanwilliam cedar,South Africa

Clanwilliam cedar (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis; WICE), a long-lived conifer with distinct tree rings in Cape Province, South Africa, has potential to provide a unique high-resolution climate proxy for southern Africa. However, the climate signal in WICE tree-ring width (TRW) is weak and the dendroclimatic potential of other WICE tree-ring parameters therefore needs to be explored. Here, we investigate the climatic signal in various tree-ring parameters, including TRW, Minimum Density (MND), Maximum Latewood Density (MXD), Maximum Latewood Blue Intensity (MXBI), and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) measured in WICE samples collected in 1978. MND was negatively influenced by early spring (October-November) precipitation whereas TRW was positively influenced by spring November-December precipitation. MXD was negatively influenced by autumn (April-May) temperature whereas MXBI was not influenced by temperature. Both MXD and MXBI were negatively influenced by January-March and January-May precipitation respectively. We did not find a significant climate signal in either of the stable isotope time series, which were measured on a limited number of samples. WICE can live to be at least 356 years old and the current TRW chronology extends back to 1564 CE. The development of full-length chronologies of alternative tree-ring parameters, particularly MND, would allow for an annually resolved, multi-century spring precipitation reconstruction for this region in southern Africa, where vulnerability to future climate change is high.     

Dendroclimatological assessment of Polylepis rodolfo-vasquezii: A novel Polylepis species in the Peru highlands

In spite of enormous diversity in tree species, dendrochronological records in the tropical Andes are very scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the search for new tree species with high dendrochronological characteristics in the tropical Andes, including the humid Puna of Peru. We present the first tree-ring chronology from Polylepis rodolfo-vasquezii, a recently described tree species in the Central Andes of Peru between 4000 and 4400 m elevation. Fifty trees were sampled in the district of Comas, Peru. After establishing the anatomical characteristics that delimit the annual growth rings, we developed a ring-width chronology by applying conventional dendrochronological techniques. The chronology covers the period 1869–2015 (157 years) and is well replicated from 1920 to present (> 20 samples). The statistics used to evaluate the quality of the chronology indicate that the P. rodolfo-vasquezii has similar values of MS, RBAR and EPS to those shown by other Polylepis spp chronologies. To determine the main climatic factors controlling the growth of P. rodolfo-vasquezii, we compared our chronology with local and regional temperature and precipitation records. Growth season temperature (November to May) seems to be the main climatic factor modulating inter-annual variations in the growth of this species. The sensitivity to inter-annual temperature variations highlights the potential of P. rodolfo-vasquezii to provide climatically sensitive dendrochronological records in the Central Andes. To our knowledge, this is the first tree-ring record in South America displaying significant relationships with temperature over the tropical Atlantic Ocean.     

The importance of early summer temperature and date of snow melt for tree growth in the Siberian Subarctic

Wood material for at least 12 larch trees at six sites [Larix sibirica Ldb, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr, Larix cajanderi Mayr] near the northern timberline in Siberia was analyzed to investigate influence of climatic factor changes on tree-ring growth at high latitudes. Tree-ring cell size, maximum latewood density and ring width measured by means of image analysis and X-ray radiodensitometry and calculated latewood cell-wall thickness were used. Correlation analysis of tree-ring structure parameter chronologies with temperatures averaged over periods of 5 days (pentad) shows that early summer temperature (mean for 5-6 pentads, depending on the region, starting from the middle of June) and date of snow melt are the most important factors that define seasonal growth and tree-ring structure. Analysis of instrumental climatic data indicates that a positive trend of early summer temperature was combined with winter precipitation (October-April) increase and this combination leads to later snow melt. Based of the results of tree-ring growth modelling, it was shown that later snow melt (hence, delayed initiation of cambial activity and, as a result, decrease of wood production) explains the changes in the relationship between tree ring width and summer temperature dynamics observed after the 1960s for a large area of the Siberian Subarctic. The understanding of the role of winter precipitation in controlling ring growth, through its effect on the timing of cambial activation, suggests the possibility of using ring structure parameters to create reconstructions of past winter precipitation variations.     

Discrete versus continuous analysis of anatomical and δ13C variability in tree rings with intra-annual density fluctuations

Intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) are anomalies of tree rings where wood density is abruptly altered after sudden changes in environmental conditions. Their characterisation can provide information about the relationship between environmental factors and eco-physiological processes during tree growth. This paper reports about the variability of anatomical traits and stable carbon isotopic composition along tree rings as resulting from the application of two different methodological approaches: (a) the separation of each ring into different regions (earlywood, latewood and IADF) and the comparison of anatomical and isotopic parameters measured in those specific sectors and (b) the analysis of such features in continuum along ring width. Moreover, different parameters of vessels (i.e. ecd—equivalent circle diameter, elongation, sphericity and convexity of vessel lumen) were considered to identify those more appropriate for the representation of intra-annual anatomical variations. The analysis was conducted on Arbutus unedo L. growing on the Elba Island (Italy); tree rings of this species form IADFs with features clearly responsive to the environmental conditions experienced during plant growth. Results showed that the first approach, although more suitable to obtain data for subsequent statistical comparisons and for the calculation of correlations with environmental parameters, suffers from elements of subjectivity due to the size and position of the selected tree-ring regions. The in continuum method allows a clearer identification of the variation of tree-ring properties along ring width. Regarding anatomical parameters, shape indexes were not suitable indicators of intra-annual variability. The overall analysis suggested that using both methodologies in synergy helps to gain complete information and avoid misleading interpretations of IADFs in tree rings.     

呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松年轮生长对气候变化的响应

以内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区沙地樟子松为样本,建立了樟子松树木年轮宽度年表,应用相关分析和响应函数分析等年轮气候学方法,研究了樟子松径向生长对气候变化的响应。结果表明,樟子松年轮宽度与4月和6—9月平均温度呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);与各月降水量多呈正相关关系,特别是与当年5—8月的月降水量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);树轮年表与前一年10月至当年10月的PDSI均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),其中与5月份PDSI的相关性最高。响应函数分析表明,年表与当年6—7月的平均气温、上一年10月和当年5—7月份的降雨存在显著的相关性,与5—7月份PDSI存在较显著的正相关性;综合来看,呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松生长同时受降水和温度的影响,其径向生长与气候因子间的关系属于降水敏感型,为区域降水重建提供了科学基础。     

Dendrochronological potential of the Azorean endemic gymnosperm Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine

Tree-ring inter-annual pattern variation is crucial in dendrochronology, allowing the identification of possible limiting factors on growth. Thus, trees exposed to subtropical or tropical climates without a marked seasonality may show a low degree of interannual variation, impeding a straightforward dendroclimatological approach. Meanwhile, subtropical regions, and areas in transitional climates such as the Azores archipelago, are widely unexplored in terms of dendroclimatology, providing opportunities to work with endemic trees, including the dominant Azorean tree Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine. To evaluate the dendrochronological potential of J. brevifolia, we analyzed tree-ring patterns, crossdating capabilities, and correlation with climate parameters. We sampled 48 individual trees from two natural populations (São Miguel and Terceira islands) using an increment borer. Besides, a Trephor tool was used to obtain wood microcores for micro-anatomical analysis. Although the transition between early and latewood was evident, partially indistinct ring boundaries and wedging rings were present in some cases, affecting the crossdating process, but not impeding the establishment of reliable ring-width chronologies. Following detrending, master chronologies were built and correlated with monthly temperature and precipitation data using the treeclim R package. The climate-growth relationships indicated negative correlations with late summer temperature in both populations. Considering our results and the importance of J. brevifolia as a dominant tree in the Azores natural forests, we conclude that it shows an acceptable potential for dendrochronological research. Thus, this study provides baseline information to help fill the knowledge gap regarding the climate-growth relationship of Azorean trees.     

Climate–tree growth relationships of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in the Southeastern Coastal Plain, USA

Knowledge of tree growth/climate response relationships is important to dendroecological studies and dendroclimatic reconstructions, particularly in the Southeastern Coastal Plain where few such studies have been attempted. To this end, we developed tree-ring chronologies of total ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width from longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) at three sites in the Southeastern Coastal Plain to examine the climate–growth relationships for this tree species. The length of these chronologies is unprecedented for southern pine chronologies in the Southeast. We compared the tree-ring chronologies to monthly temperature, precipitation, Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), and Palmer hydrological drought index (PHDI) data from the pertinent climate divisions. We found that PDSI and PHDI have the highest correlation with longleaf pine growth, and the strongest relationships between longleaf pine growth and these variables occur between July and November. Precipitation in the spring and summer was also positively related to growth at all sites. The relationship between temperature and growth was the weakest among all climate variables, but warm summer temperatures had a consistent, negative relationship with longleaf pine growth. The climate signal in the latewood was generally more robust than for total ring width and earlywood width.     

Elevation-dependent climate sensitivity in Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng

We examine climate sensitivity in tree-ring chronologies from Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng at three elevations—1,350, 1,475 and 1,600 m above the sea level. Consistent with the principle that the sensitivity of tree-ring chronologies increases with proximity to the limits of tree growth, statistics reflecting chronology reliability increased with elevation. Climatological analyses of the three elevation classes revealed that whilst ring width is significantly and positively correlated with maximum air temperature during spring (September–November) in the chronology from the highest elevation class, significant correlations with maximum temperature are not present at low elevations. Similarly, whilst ring width in the chronology from 1,350 m was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation during late summer and early autumn, no significant correlations are evident at higher elevations. Our results illustrate the importance of careful site selection in dendroclimatological studies of eucalypts and demonstrate the potential of E. pauciflora for climatological studies.     

Influence of climate on multiple tree-ring parameters of Pinus kesiya from Manipur,Northeast India

Tree-rings of Pinus kesiya from southern region of Manipur, Northeast India were used to develop chronologies of multiple tree-ring parameters that are: total-ring width (TRW), earlywood width (EW), latewood width (LW) and adjusted latewood (LWadj). The time span of these chronologies is 39 years (1980–2018 C.E.) and we compared their growth responses with monthly and daily climatic records. The comparison revealed a broadly consistent pattern of climate sensitivity with daily climate exhibiting higher correlation. The climate signals during pre-monsoon (March–May) were recorded in TRW and EW, whereas late-monsoon to post-monsoon climate signals were recorded in LW and LWadj. The spatial correlation analysis of tree-ring parameters and global sea surface temperature (SST) showed a positive relationship between tree growth with tropical Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean during winter (December–February) and pre-monsoon (March–May) seasons. The LW and LWadj were also correlated with peak summer monsoon (July–August) SST over the tropical Pacific Ocean. IADFs observed in EW (E-IADF) were caused by dry and warm conditions during March–April. IADFs in LW (L-IADF) occurred due to a combination of enhanced rainfall and temperature during post-monsoon (October–November) season. Evidence of stand-specific micro-climatic conditions in the formation IADFs in this species was also found. This study showed that multiple parameters of P. kesiya provides a lucid understanding of climate response on its growth and can be considered as a proxy for studying sub-seasonal changes in past environmental conditions in longer records.