四川唐家河羚牛、鬣羚、斑羚春冬季生境选择比较研究

1998年3月－1999年2月,在四川省青川县唐家河自然保护区,运用逐步判别分析的方法,对羚牛,鬣羚,斑羚春冬季对生境的利用进行了对比研究,研究结果表明,虽然它们在生境选择上有部分重叠,但是其对生境的利用方式均有显著的差异,在春季,羚牛主要利用海拔较高,食物丰富度高,灌木较大,离灌木较远的生境,鬣羚和斑羚主要利用海拔较低,食物丰富度中等,灌木较小,离灌木较近的生境,在冬季,羚牛主要利用坡度适中,海拔适中,乔木较大,乔木较稀,离乔木较远的生境,鬣羚主要利用坡度较陡,海拔较高,乔木较小,乔木较稀,离乔木适蝇的生境;斑羚主要利用坡度较缓,海拔较低,乔木较小,乔木较密,离乔木较近的生境。     

马边小熊猫对生境选择的初步研究

１９９１年和１９９２年作者在马边自然保护区设点对与小熊猫生存有关的生态因子（植被型、竹子密度、郁闭度、坡向、坡位、水源和人为干扰）进行了调查统计。利用数量化理论分析后发现：影响小熊猫生境选择的主要生态因子是植被类型、水源和人为干扰,其次是郁闭度和竹子密度,而坡位和坡向的影响不明显。小熊猫的最适生境为离水源较近（＜２５０ｍ）、人为干扰较远（＞１０００ｍ）和郁闭度及竹子密度适中的常绿落阔混交林。     

川西北高原藏原羚夏季生境选择

利用数量化理论对川西北高原藏原羚夏季生境选择进行了研究,发现影响藏原羚夏季生境选择的主要因子有水源、植被类型、隐藏条件,次要因子为食物丰盛度、人为干扰和海拔高度;其最适生境为隐蔽条件较好、水源较近的草甸草原。     

高黎贡山冬季白尾梢虹雉运动方式和生境偏好的初步观察

2002及2003年1月,两次对高黎贡山大脑子白尾梢虹雉(Lophophorus sclateri)的运动方式和活动痕迹做了直接观察或样带／样方取样。该鸟滑翔是下行的主要运动方式,上行全为行走;所发现的3个夜宿地均位于坡度大、郁闭度高的近沟谷地带;冬季向低海拔迁移,与降雪有关,使得近沟谷带成为密集利用带。这样的运动和生境利用方式,显然是能耗最小化和觅食效率最大化的行为适应。     

紫貂秋季生境选择的初步研究

采用无线电跟踪技术和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）对大兴安岭地区紫貂（Ｍａｒｔｅｓ ｚｉｂｅｌｌｉｎａ）秋季的生境选择进行研究。秋季紫貂对优势树种（以落叶松为主,７２％）、中下坡位（９０％）、小树密度（Ｐ＝０．０００４）、大树密度（Ｐ＝０００１）、大树胸径（Ｐ＝０．０００１）、倒木长度（Ｐ＝０．０００６）及密度（Ｐ＝０．０００１）都有一定的选择性,对坡向,灌丛盖度的选择性不明显,对中等盖度的林地有一定的选     

普氏原羚生境选择的数量化分析

1998 年8 月至1999 年8 月, 在湖东种羊场地区开展了普氏原羚生境选择的研究。在湖东—克图沙丘和草原交界处沿约30 km的样线开展种群调查, 在调查过程中, 共发现582 只普氏原羚。在研究中选择了8 类与普氏原羚生境选择相关的生态因子: 植被类型、食物丰富度、草原围栏、隐蔽条件、人为干扰、距公路距离、距沙丘距离和距农业用地距离, 研究了普氏原羚的生境选择。在研究中, 将这些生态因子分别分成3 个等级, 进行回归分析, 建立普氏原羚在不同生境中出现的概率的预测性方。通过对生态因子和普氏原羚在不同生境中出现的概率进行方差分析, 判断影响普氏原羚生境选择的主要生态因子是人为干扰和围栏, 其次为食物丰富度、距沙丘距离和农业用地距离, 植被类型、隐蔽条件和与公路距离对普氏原羚生境选择的影响不明显。     

动物的生境选择

动物的生境选择颜忠诚陈永林（中国科学院动物研究所,北京１０００８０）ＨａｂｉｔａｔＳｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＡｎｉｍａｌｓ．ＹａｎＺｈｏｎｇｃｈｅｎｇ,ＣｈｅｎＹｏｎｇｌｉｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＺｏｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｂｅｉｊｉ...     

羚牛血液初步研究

研究羚牛血液成分对了解羚牛及其疾病诊治等具有重要意义。中国羚牛血液成分的资料缺乏。本文报导了6只四川亚种羚牛血液的氨基酸、酶、电解质、蛋白等生理生化参数,以供参考。     

紫貂春季和夏季生境选择的初步研究

１９９４～１９９６年,在大兴安岭满归林业局北岸林场的阿巴河流域原始林中,采用无线电跟踪技术和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）对紫貂春季和夏季的生境选择进行了研究。结果表明：１）紫貂对盖度为６％～７５％的林地选择性强,而对５％以下和７６％以上地区选择性较弱;栖息地优势树种为兴安落叶松;（２）主要喜欢中、下坡位;（３）对小树密度、大树密度、乔木胸径（ｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ ｏｆ ｂｒｅａｓｔ ｈｅｉｇｈｔ,ＤＢＨ）、     

云南高黎贡山发现僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙

2021年4和5月及7和8月在云南省高黎贡山开展两栖爬行动物调查过程中,采集到无尾目（Anura）蛙科（Ranidae）湍蛙属（Amolops）标本8号,通过形态学与分子系统学鉴定为僜湍蛙（Amolops deng）和察隅湍蛙（A. chayuensis）,为云南省两栖动物分布新纪录种。僜湍蛙雌性体长63.1 ~ 68.5 mm（n = 3）,雄性体长49.3 ~ 52.9 mm（n = 3）,头长大于头宽,鼓膜明显且纵径大于横径,掌突三个,颞褶不显,背侧褶直达胯部,后肢前伸贴体时胫跗关节超过吻端,形态特征与模式标本基本一致;察隅湍蛙雄性体长44.7 ~ 44.8 mm（n = 2）,具咽侧下外声囊,颞褶及背侧褶明显,前后肢均具褐色条纹,形态特征与模式标本基本一致。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因和COI基因片段进行系统发育分析表明,僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙均和其模式产地西藏的序列聚成单系支。此外,基于16S rRNA计算本次采集的标本与模式产地西藏的序列间遗传距离均较小,僜湍蛙是0.8% ~ 1.2%,察隅湍蛙是0.2%。综上,确定云南高黎贡山采集到的两种湍蛙分别是僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙。僜湍蛙此前记录仅分布于西藏察隅县和墨脱县,察隅湍蛙仅分布于西藏察隅县和八宿县,僜湍蛙在福贡县和贡山县及察隅湍蛙在贡山县的分布为首次记录;本研究进一步更新了察隅湍蛙分布的海拔海拔范围,较此前纪录低1 385 m高至2 884 m,这提示其有更广阔的生态位。     

Habitat Selection of Rocky Mountain Elk in a Nonforested Environment

Abstract: Recent expansions by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) into nonforested habitats across the Intermountain West have required managers to reconsider the traditional paradigms of forage and cover as they relate to managing elk and their habitats. We examined seasonal habitat selection patterns of a hunted elk population in a nonforested high-desert region of southwestern Wyoming, USA. We used 35,246 global positioning system locations collected from 33 adult female elk to model probability of use as a function of 6 habitat variables: slope, aspect, elevation, habitat diversity, distance to shrub cover, and distance to road. We developed resource selection probability functions for individual elk, and then we averaged the coefficients to estimate population-level models for summer and winter periods. We used the population-level models to generate predictive maps by assigning pixels across the study area to 1 of 4 use categories (i.e., high, medium-high, medium-low, or low), based on quartiles of the predictions. Model coefficients and predictive maps indicated that elk selected for summer habitats characterized by higher elevations in areas of high vegetative diversity, close to shrub cover, northerly aspects, moderate slopes, and away from roads. Winter habitat selection patterns were similar, except elk shifted to areas with lower elevations and southerly aspects. We validated predictive maps by using 528 locations collected from an independent sample of radiomarked elk (n = 55) and calculating the proportion of locations that occurred in each of the 4 use categories. Together, the high- and medium-high use categories of the summer and winter predictive maps contained 92% and 74% of summer and winter elk locations, respectively. Our population-level models and associated predictive maps were successful in predicting winter and summer habitat use by elk in a nonforested environment. In the absence of forest cover, elk seemed to rely on a combination of shrubs, topography, and low human disturbance to meet their thermal and hiding cover requirements.     

高黎贡山自然保护区土壤真菌资料调查名录初报

报道在高黎贡山自然保护区调查所发现的各类土壤真菌资源情况,共发现土壤真菌２８个属,分隶于３纲６目１１科,其中以丛梗孢科占绝对优势,有１１个属占总属数的３７．９％,暗梗孢科有５个属占总属数的１７．２％,为次优势类群．有关菌种保存在中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园微生物生态学实验室内．     

Using Mountain Lion Habitat Selection in Management

Wildlife agencies are generally tasked with managing and conserving species at state and local levels simultaneously. Thus, it is necessary for wildlife agencies to understand basic ecological processes of a given species at multiple scales to aid decision making at commensurately varied spatial and behavioral scales. Mountain lions (Puma concolor) occur throughout California, USA, and are at the center of a variety of management and conservation issues. For example, they are genetically and demographically at risk in 1 region yet apparently stable and negatively affecting endangered species in another. Currently, no formal plan exists for mountain lions in California to deal with these diverse scenarios involving issues of local mountain lion population viability and problems related to predation of endangered species. To facilitate development of a state-wide management and conservation plan, we quantified habitat selection by mountain lions at 2 spatial scales across the range of environmental conditions in which the species is found in California. Our analyses used location data from individuals (n = 263) collared across the state from 2001–2019. At the home range scale, mountain lions selected habitat to prioritize meeting energetic demands. At the within home range scale, mountain lions avoided areas of human activity. Further, our analyses revealed 165,350–170,085 km², depending on season, of suitable mountain lion habitat in California. Fifty percent of the suitable habitat was on unprotected lands and thus vulnerable to development. These habitat selection models will help in the development of a state-wide conservation and management plan for mountain lions in California by guiding mountain lion population monitoring through time, prioritization of habitat to be conserved for maintaining demographic connectivity and gene flow, and efforts to mediate mountain lion-prey interactions. Our work and application area will help with wildlife policy and management decisions related to depredation problems at the local scale and issues of habitat connectivity at the statewide scale. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.     

高黎贡山南北段种子植物区系比较研究

为了解高黎贡山的种子植物资源,采用植物区系研究原理和方法,将高黎贡山南段与北段种子植物区系进行对比分析。结果表明,南段有192科878属2807种植物,种可分为15个分布类型9亚型14个变型;北段有172科778属2816种植物,种可分为15个分布类型9亚型20个变型。通过比较科属分化程度、数量构成及古热带成分比例等,南段区系具有较为古老和保守的特点,而北段植物区系具有较为年青和新生的特点。回归分析显示南北段区系地理成分相似度较高,而科属相似性却因分化在逐级降低。     

川西北高原马麝(横断山亚种)的夏季生境选择

在野外调查的基础上,利用数量化理论处理分析数据,对川西北高原马麝(横断山亚种)夏季生境选择进行了研究。结果表明,影响马麝(横断山亚种)夏季生境选择的主要因子有植被类型、隐蔽条件、坡向和人为干扰,次要因子有食物丰盛度、坡度、坡位、水源和天敌干扰,其最适生境条件为隐蔽条件好、干扰少、主要位于阴坡的灌丛。     

Fine-Scale Habitat Selection by Breeding White-Tailed Ptarmigan in Colorado

Species distributions are influenced by climate and topography in alpine ecosystems, yet resource selection studies of alpine species are uncommon. Basic characteristics of habitats used by alpine-endemic white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura) have been described to explain foraging behavior, morphology, and survival in many alpine regions; however, there is a lack of information about fine-scale habitat selection for nesting and brood-rearing, particularly in the southern extent of the species’ range. Few studies have tested whether nest and brood-site selection by white-tailed ptarmigan are influenced by fine-scale components such as vegetation and arthropod communities. We assessed these fine-scale habitat characteristics analyzing paired use-available resource selection for nest (n = 61) and brood (n = 54) sites. We used conditional logistic regression for data collected in 2 alpine areas along the Front Range of Colorado, USA, during 2014 and 2015. We evaluated resource selection at larger (patch) and finer (nest site) scales. Nest-site selection at the patch scale was best predicted by cover (%) of forage forbs, rock and gravel, and shrubs. Forage forb cover explained more variation in our top nest model at the patch scale when compared to models with specific vegetation species. Females placed their nests along elevational gradients but more so at lower elevations and selected for less graminoid cover at the nest-site scale. Brood habitat selection at the patch level was influenced by cover (%) of rock and gravel and proximity to shrubs (m). Analysis of a subset of our brood data (n = 34) revealed females selected brood habitat that contained high arthropod abundance (e.g., Cicadellidae) over high vegetation cover, likely as a response to meet dietary requirements of chicks. Our results demonstrate how and where white-tailed ptarmigan are currently selecting these different breeding sites in Colorado's alpine, giving us insight into consequences this alpine-endemic bird may face if their breeding habitat is altered. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.     

贺兰山蓝马鸡越冬期栖息地的选择

2003年11～12月,在贺兰山采用样带法对蓝马鸡(Crossoptilon auritum)的栖息地选择进行了研究。共测定了25条样带上的62个蓝马鸡栖息地利用样方和50个任意样方的13个生态因子,结果表明,蓝马鸡偏好利用山地针叶林带,避免选择山地草原带、山地疏林草原带、亚高山灌丛和草甸带;偏好利用油松和青海云杉占优势的生境,避免选择山杨、杜松占优势和无树的生境;偏好阳坡和阴坡,避免利用半阳坡和半阴坡。对利用样方和任意样方进行Mann—Whitey U检验,发现利用样方以乔木密度高、灌木密度高、坡度大、隐蔽程度高、雪覆盖浅、高海拔为主要特征。逐步判别分析表明,隐蔽级、灌木密度、乔木密度、距水源距离和坡度具有重要作用,由这5个变量构成的方程对利用样方和任意样方进行正确区分的概率达到91．7％。蓝马鸡的栖息地选择主要与食物条件和隐蔽性有关。     

甘肃白水江保护区西段大熊猫对生境的选择

采用Vanderloeg和Scavia选择指数,调查分析了白水江保护区西段白马河保护站李子坝至邱家坝区域大熊猫对生境的选择,结果表明:该区域大熊猫喜欢选择海拔高于2500 m的中高山的山脊、坡的上部活动;喜欢在坡度21°~30°的半阴半阳坡活动;喜欢原始的针阔混交林和针叶林;喜欢乔木平均胸径大于50 cm,竹子高度大于2 m、盖度大于75%,生长类型为簇生,生长状况好竹林中活动;对坡形、乔木郁闭度、水源的选择差异不显著,几乎是随机选择。