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通过对上海市6个典型潮滩湿地(崇明东滩、崇明北滩、九段沙、青草沙、南汇边滩和杭州湾北岸)的调查,共记录到大型底栖动物112种,甲壳动物、软体动物和环节动物分别占总物种数的51.8%、22.3%和18.8%。6个潮滩湿地中大型底栖动物生物量的空间分布呈现一致的规律,即高潮区〉中潮区〉低潮区;在生物量构成中,甲壳动物是最为重要的类群,其总体平均相对贡献率在51%~97%之间,软体动物的总体平均相对贡献率在2%~48%之间。大型底栖动物密度的空间分布在地点间存在较大差异,在崇明东滩、九段沙和杭州湾北岸湿地中,软体动物在数量上占优势;而在崇明北滩、青草沙和南汇边滩,甲壳动物却是优势类群。与20世纪80和90年代的调查资料相比,近20多年来上海市潮滩湿地中大型底栖动物生物量明显增加,但群落结构发生了根本改变,优势类群由个体较小的软体动物转变为平均体重较大的甲壳动物,这主要与人类活动(过度采捕、环境污染和生物促淤等因素)的强度干扰有关,也反映上海市潮滩湿地的环境质量和生态功能正在逐步下降。 相似文献
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胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地大型底栖动物功能群 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2009年2、5、8和11月进行了7个断面35个站位的大型底栖动物调查,选取高潮区(A)、中潮区(B、C、D)和低潮区(E)研究了胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地大型底栖动物功能群组成及其时空变化.调查共发现大型底栖动物71种,主要种类为软体动物(31种)、环节动物(20种)和节肢动物(14种).潮区A、B、C、D、E物种数分别为26、33、35、38、31.依据食性将主要底栖动物划分为肉食者、浮游生物食者、碎屑食者和杂食者4个功能群.各功能群物种数占总物种数的百分比由高到低依次是肉食者、浮游生物食者、碎屑食者和杂食者.各功能群中肉食者的多样性指数最高,杂食者最低.各功能群的丰度、均匀度指数、多样性指数一般都是中潮区较高,高潮区和低潮区较低.大型底栖动物功能群的分布随潮区环境的改变而变化,是对生境状况的综合反映. 相似文献
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根据2001年8月和2002年8、9、10月共4个航次,在黄海特定断面的10个站采集到的大型底栖动物样品,采用相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数、物种均匀度指数、物种丰度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域大型底栖动物的生态学特性。调查共得到定量样品36个,经分析鉴定有大型底栖动物182种,其中多毛类环节动物54种,软体动物29种,甲壳动物66种,棘皮动物17种,其它类群生物16种。相对于邻近海区,物种丰富度指数较小,物种多样性指数相似,均匀度指数较高;各航次中4、5号站种数明显较少,而生物量和栖息密度没有表现出一定的规律性。通过该断面大型底栖动物的研究发现,可将研究区域的大型底栖动物群落分为沿岸广温性群落、温带性群落和暖水性群落,各群落结构保持相对稳定性;主要底栖动物种类组成在2001年和2002年出现较大变化,而在2002年的8、9、10月的种类组成保持相对稳定。 相似文献
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潮滩是海岸带湿地的主要类型之一,其中分布的底栖生物对生态环境具有重要的调节作用。潮滩底栖微藻、泥沙与水动力之间存在相互作用,影响潮滩微地貌形态,明晰底栖生物对潮滩微地貌的演化机制至关重要。以黄河三角洲潮滩湿地为研究区,通过构建潮滩微地貌动力模型,探究底栖生物对微地貌格局演化的作用机制,分析底栖生物对微地貌系统稳定性的影响。结果表明(1)底栖微藻生长与泥沙扩散、水流再分配过程交互作用驱动下,潮滩上可形成底栖微藻覆盖的高丘与积水洼地交替分布的规则性微地貌斑图;(2)微地貌斑图的形成提高了潮滩生态系统初级生产力和泥沙淤积高度;(3)底栖微藻与泥沙、水流的交互作用使得潮滩微地貌系统对侵蚀扰动呈现非线性响应行为,系统存在临界点,且在一定侵蚀率范围内存在双稳态;(4)黄河口泥螺入侵使得微地貌系统抵抗侵蚀扰动能力减小,且系统稳定性随泥螺生物量的增加而降低。 相似文献
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渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
于2011年10月对渭河流域45个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查采样.共采集到大型底栖动物116属(种),其中水生昆虫91(属)种,占78.4%;软体动物12种,占10.3%;环节动物9种,占7.8%;甲壳动物4种,占3.4%.利用大型底栖动物的物种组成以及物种相对丰度数据,应用双向指示种分析和无偏对应分析将45个样点分为3组.第1组样点的指示物种为锯形蜉属1种(Serratella sp.)、纹石蛾属1种(Hydropsyche sp.)和朝大蚊属1种(Antochasp.);第2组样点指示物种为虻属1种(Tabanus sp.)、Alotanypus venustus、Pelecorhynchidae 1 种、Liodessus sp.和霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffineistteri);第3组指示物种为黑翅蜉(Ephemera nigroptera)和半球多脉扁螺(Polypylis hemisphaerula).典范对应分析表明,卵石+砾石型底质、流速、电导率、水深和总氮显著影响了渭河流域底栖动物群落的空间分布. 相似文献
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窦乾明;王乐;赵章国;姚艳玲;王慧博;宋聃;黄晓丽;霍堂斌 《生态学杂志》2025,44(7):2132-2141
为了解乌伦古湖底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2019—2021年对乌伦古湖5个湖区28个采样点的底栖动物和环境因子进行6次调查。结果表明:共采集底栖动物68种,隶属于4门14目21科,其中优势种以摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类为主,喜盐摇蚊(Chironomus salinarius)、摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)和前突摇蚊属(Procladius sp.)为全年优势种属;Kruskal-Wallis检验表明环境因子的时空梯度差异性显著(P<0.05),而底栖动物密度、生物量也存在明显的时空变化;春、夏、秋3季底栖动物平均密度和生物量分别为851、529、669 ind·m-2和19.52、14.60、13.39 g·m-2,春季密度、生物量主要集中于布伦托海中部(987 ind·m-2、24.29 g·m-2)和吉力湖南部(1040 ind·m-2、21.32 g·m-2);夏季密度、生物量主要集中于骆驼脖子(896 ind·m-2、30.12 g·m-2);秋季密度主要集中于吉力湖南部(808 ind·m-2)和骆驼脖子(864 ind·m-2),生物量除集中于吉力湖南部(16.07 g·m-2)和骆驼脖子(14.81 g·m-2)之外,还集中于73 km小海子(15.74 g·m-2);主成分分析和相似性分析表明底栖动物群落结构具备极显著性时空差异(P<0.01),物种指示值分析也发现不同湖区的显著性指示种不同;冗余分析表明,盐度、总氮和电导率是影响不同季节底栖动物群落结构的重要环境因子,其与寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫呈显著正相关,与大部分底栖动物呈显著负相关;水体矿化度、营养物质和有机污染物是乌伦古湖生态环境面临的主要威胁,气候变化和人类干扰对底栖动物群落结构形成胁迫作用。 相似文献
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于2005年12月对岱山衢山岛的岩礁、泥滩和泥沙滩三种不同底质环境的潮间带生物进行了调查,以了解底质环境对其分布的影响。结果表明,不同底质类型潮间带分布的底栖动物种类数量不同,岩礁分布23种、泥滩分布17种、泥沙滩分布15种。不同底质的底栖动物生物量和栖息密度分布呈显著差异,且均为岩礁断面>泥滩断面>泥沙滩断面。不同底质潮间带底栖动物的多样性指数也不相同,其中Shannon-Weiner指数、Pielou均匀度和Margalef种类丰度的变化为泥滩断面>泥沙滩断面>岩礁断面,而Simpson优势度则表现为泥滩断面<泥沙滩断面<岩礁断面。对三种不同底质类型的潮间带动物分布进行了分析,阐述了底质环境决定着潮间带大型底栖动物种类及数量的分布特征,从而揭示了潮间带底质环境是影响底栖动物分布的重要因素。 相似文献
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三门湾大型底栖动物时空分布及其与环境因子的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2006年11月、2007年1月、4月和8月在三门湾18个采样点对大型底栖动物进行调查,分析了其时空分布及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:调查共采集到大型底栖动物124种,其中多毛类44种、软体动物34种、甲壳动物22种、棘皮动物11种、其他类动物13种;多毛类和软体动物种数占总种数的62.9%,二者构成了三门湾大型底栖动物的主要类群.双鳃内卷齿蚕、小头虫和不倒翁虫是春季三门湾大型底栖动物的优势种;不倒翁虫、双鳃内卷齿蚕和海稚虫为夏季的优势种;不倒翁虫、小头虫、双鳃内卷齿蚕和白沙箸为秋季的优势种;双鳃内卷齿蚕、不倒翁虫、小头虫和海稚虫为冬季的优势种.三门湾大型底栖动物年均生物量为17.36 g·m-2,年均栖息密度为72 ind·m-2.不同季节大型底栖动物的平均生物量和平均栖息密度存在显著性差异.大型底栖动物群落平均Shannon多样性指数在1.53 ~ 1.89,平均Margalef物种丰富度指数在2.25 ~2.96,平均均匀度指数在0.83 ~0.94,3个指数在不同季节间均存在显著性差异.经典范对应分析,影响三门湾大型底栖动物群落的主要环境因子包括海水的温度、盐度、溶解性无机氮以及表层沉积物中的有机质、总氮和总磷等,环境变量可以较好地解释主要类群的变化. 相似文献
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平陆运河是西部陆海新通道的一项重要工程,茅尾海是平陆运河的重要支撑节点。本次调查潮间带大型底栖动物群落,在评估茅尾海生态环境质量的同时,又积累本海域大型底栖动物基线数据,为平陆运河建设期、运营期的科学管理提供科学数据支撑。于2020年10月和2021年1月、4月、7月,在钦州茅尾海东部岸线设置4个采样断面,分别是仙岛公园、沙环村、滨海公园和康王庙村,按照《海洋调查规范》(GB 12763.6-2007)的要求对潮间带大型底栖动物进行采样调查和物种分类鉴定;分析大型底栖动物群落组成、优势种组成及生物多样性指数。调查研究结果表明,茅尾海潮间带大型底栖动物以节肢动物为主,物种占比超过41%,个体数占比超过87%,优势种(IRI > 1 000)有麦克碟尾虫(Discapseudes mackiei)、台湾泥蟹(Ilyoplax formosensis)、隆背大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus convexus)和四齿大额蟹(Metopograpsus quadridentatus),但优势种在4个断面分布不均,仅麦克碟尾虫出现在各断面;主要种(100 ≤ IRI < 1 000)有27种,其中仅扁平拟闭口蟹(Paracleistostoma depressum)、背毛小头虫(Notodasus sp.)出现在各断面;常见种(10 ≤ IRI < 100)有19种,稀有种(IRI < 10)有8种,它们均分布不均;辛普森多样性指数(D)和香农多样性指数(H?)分别为0.435(0.183 ~ 0.704)和1.506(0.747 ~ 2.256),显著低于2009年相应指标,P值分别为0.004和0.048;Pielou均匀度指数(J)均值为0.475(0.223 ~ 0.696),与2009年的Pielou均匀度指数(J)没有显著差异(P = 0.109)。综合丰度-生物量曲线(ABC曲线)、香农多样性指数(H?)、大型底栖动物污染指数(IMP)推断茅尾海目前整体海域生态环境处于中等污染水平。综合上述指标,认为目前茅尾海海域整体生态环境已属于中等程度污染。本次调查建立的茅尾海潮间带大型底栖动物数据库,将为未来平陆运河的生态建设和科学运营提供支撑。 相似文献
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Ilse Hamels Koenraad Muylaert Koen Sabbe Wim Vyverman 《European journal of protistology》2005,41(4):241-250
During a 1-year study of the ciliate faunas of a silty and a sandy site on an intertidal flat in the Westerschelde estuary, a total number of 107 taxa were recorded belonging to at least 52 genera and 15 orders. Our results suggest that physical properties of the sediment were more important in regulating ciliate abundance, diversity and community composition than food availability, predation, temperature or oxygen concentration. Ciliate abundance and diversity were positively related to sediment grain size and the ciliate community of silty sediments was found to be a subset of that of sandy sediments. At the sandy site, where the sediment composition was stable, seasonal changes in the ciliate community were related to changes in food availability and/or temperature. At both the sandy and silty sites, a clear vertical gradient in the ciliate community was observed that appeared to be linked to gradients in food availability and oxygen concentration. These vertical gradients in ciliate community composition, however, were less steep than the measured oxygen gradients, probably due to the presence of oxic microniches in the anoxic zone. 相似文献
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上海市滩涂夏季底栖硅藻初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
报道了上海市夏季滩涂底栖硅藻的种类组成和生态分布的情况。样品于2005年8月从7个站点中采集,经处理、镜检观察,从中鉴定出硅藻98个分类单位,包括种、变种和变型,分别隶属于2纲7目10科31属。舟形藻属(Navicula)最多,共发现15个分类单位;其次为菱形藻属(Nitzschia),有10个分类单位。其中Cyclotella meneghiniana,Gyrosigma spencerii,Surirella ovata为优势种,Fragilaria capucina,Gyrosigma attenuatum,Naicula acceptata等为常见种,Melosira italica,Coscinodiscus wittianus,Navicula pygmaea等只在个别站点采到。数量分析表明,硅藻总细胞丰度变化为7.0×106-28.5×106 cells m-2,平均为17.39×106cellsm-2,在径流入海口处硅藻数量相对较多,其中淡水种比海生种多,这主要是因为长江口近岸河口水域是多种水系相混合的水体,淡水入海带来较多的淡水种类。 相似文献
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Explaining variation in tropical plant community composition: influence of environmental and spatial data quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The degree to which variation in plant community composition (beta-diversity) is predictable from environmental variation,
relative to other spatial processes, is of considerable current interest. We addressed this question in Costa Rican rain forest
pteridophytes (1,045 plots, 127 species). We also tested the effect of data quality on the results, which has largely been
overlooked in earlier studies. To do so, we compared two alternative spatial models [polynomial vs. principal coordinates
of neighbour matrices (PCNM)] and ten alternative environmental models (all available environmental variables vs. four subsets,
and including their polynomials vs. not). Of the environmental data types, soil chemistry contributed most to explaining pteridophyte
community variation, followed in decreasing order of contribution by topography, soil type and forest structure. Environmentally
explained variation increased moderately when polynomials of the environmental variables were included. Spatially explained
variation increased substantially when the multi-scale PCNM spatial model was used instead of the traditional, broad-scale
polynomial spatial model. The best model combination (PCNM spatial model and full environmental model including polynomials)
explained 32% of pteridophyte community variation, after correcting for the number of sampling sites and explanatory variables.
Overall evidence for environmental control of beta-diversity was strong, and the main floristic gradients detected were correlated
with environmental variation at all scales encompassed by the study (c. 100–2,000 m). Depending on model choice, however,
total explained variation differed more than fourfold, and the apparent relative importance of space and environment could
be reversed. Therefore, we advocate a broader recognition of the impacts that data quality has on analysis results. A general
understanding of the relative contributions of spatial and environmental processes to species distributions and beta-diversity
requires that methodological artefacts are separated from real ecological differences. 相似文献
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Early succession on large landslides in highly humanized areas that have a tropical dry climate is not well studied. This
study documented vegetation recovery during the first 4 years after disturbance at a landslide on Casita Volcano, Nicaragua.
We aimed to determine the main pathways and causes of change in community features, such as richness, biovolume, and species
composition and verify the role played by environmental heterogeneity. Data consisting on number, covers and mean height of
woody species and several abiotic factors related to fertility and stability of substrates were obtained from permanent plots
in previously defined zones. Pathways of early succession were highly contingent on abiotic heterogeneity and landscape context
and were mainly controlled by abiotic factors associated with fertility of substrates, and incidence of human disturbances.
Those results might form the basis of a model of early succession on landslides located in densely populated areas within
tropical dry ecosystems. Our results suggest that, rather than focusing research on large-scale disturbances, the study of
succession in landslides of the type that occurred on Casita Volcano must point towards the response of ecosystems to a much
more complex disturbance regime, in which human-induced disturbances play a major role. 相似文献
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Shiro Kobayashi 《Population Ecology》1983,25(2):221-237
If the immigration of species from a mainland or among islands is taken into account, each island of an archipelago can be regarded as a sample from a species pool. When two or more islands are combined so as to give larger samples, the resultant species-area relation does not differ from that observed in a continuous and homogeneous habitat on a mainland. This relation can be described by either of the two mathematical models proposed before (Kobayashi , 1975, 1976). A power function seems to be insufficient because the discrepancy between the observed and the calculated values becomes larger with the increasing area. In a log-log plot, the slope values for these alternatives to a power function vary continuously from 1 to 0 as the area increases. Owing to the spatially clumped distribution of each species, the number of species found on a single island is less than that found on several smaller islands of equivalent total area. Hence the species-area relation for individual islands has a smaller slope value than that obtained by combining the different numbers of islands and approaches a power function in form. From these results, it is concluded that the species-area data on archipelago biotas are equivalent to the case where separate samples of different sizes are drawn from a universe in which each species is spatially distributed in clumps. The properties of archipelago biotas which have so far been evidenced or predicted are consistent with this conclusion. 相似文献

