齿蟾属的系统学研究进展

齿蟾属(Oreolalax)为中国特有属,主要分布在我国西南地区。本文对该属的系统学研究进行了综述,包括属的建立与物种组成、地理分布特征、细胞分类学、系统发育研究历史,以及尚需研究或进一步研究的问题。     

浙江省温岭海区虾类资源调查

于1999－2001年间对温岭海区虾类进行了调查,调查表明,该海区计有虾24种,分属7科16属。其中,对虾科8种12种;樱虾科1属2种;玻璃虾科1属1种;鼓虾科1属3种;长臂虾科2属3种;藻虾科2属2种;龙虾科1属1种。对该海区的虾类资源作了评价,并提出了资源开发保护的建议。     

In situ localization of the evolutionary conserved Cpy/Cty gene in the subfamily Chironominae (Chironomidae, Diptera): establishment of chromosomal homologies

The homologous sites on the salivary gland chromosomes of 13 species from three genera: Chironomus, Glyptotendipes, Kiefferulus have been mapped by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization using the evolutionary conserved gene Cpy/Cty (clone Cla1.1). In all species of genus Chironomus and genus Kiefferulus , the Cty/Cpy gene is located on arm F of chromosome EF. The relocation of the gene among the species of genus Chironomus can be done by simple or complex homozygous inversions which occurred during the divergent evolution of the chromosome of the species. In the genus Glyptotendipes , the Cty/Cpy gene was localized in arm E of chromosome EF. Since the banding patterns of salivary gland chromosomes between genus Chironomus and genus Glyptotendipes cannot be compared directly, in situ hybridization with clone of conservative gene was performed to be established some homologous chromosomes. The results obtained indicate that the chromosome arm F of Chironomus and chromosome arm E of Glyptotendipes may be homologous.     

类诺卡氏属放线菌的研究进展

Prauser H.最初于1976年从土壤中分离到17株诺卡氏形态放线菌,综合形态、生理生化特性和部分化学分类特征的研究结果,提议建立了一个新属——类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides),并以新种白色类诺卡氏菌(N.albus)为典型种。之后,随着分离、纯培养和分类方法的发展,越来越多的新成员从各种不同环境中分离得到。尽管这些菌来源广泛,形态和生理生化等特征各异,但他们拥有共同的属的特征。过去的50年中,随着放线菌研究的发展,该属中部分成员历经了分类地位的变迁和修订。到目前为止,该属共收纳了56个有效描述种。类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)放线菌在农业、工业、化工业等方面也曾有应用研究报道。本文就类诺卡氏属放线菌的建立依据,属的特征,属内种的分布和变更以及它们在工农业上的应用研究前景及进展进行了综述。     

A FAFLP system for the improved identification of plant-pathogenic and plant-associated species of the genus Pantoea

The majority of Pantoea species are either plant-pathogenic or plant-associated and cause a wide variety of symptoms on a range of hosts. Identification of Pantoea species is difficult due to minor differences in phenotypic characteristics between them and related Enterobacteriaceae. Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) analysis was investigated for use as a rapid, molecular-based identification technique to the species level of the genus Pantoea. Following analysis of the band patterns generated by FAFLP, seven distinct clusters were observed, one for each validly published species of the genus. FAFLP has proven to be a rapid, reproducible identification technique for all species of the genus Pantoea.     

The phylogeny of Halgerda (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) with the description of a new species from Okinawa

This paper proposes a refined hypothesis of evolution for the tropical Indo-Pacific nudibranch genus Halgerda . Numerous specimens from 31 species were examined anatomically and literature from four additional species was reviewed, bringing to 33 the ingroup taxa. Fifty-three characters were considered from these examinations. The outgroup Asteronotus was used to polarize the characters. The phylogeny obtained from the analysis of the characters supports the hypothesis that Halgerda is a monophyletic group. A species previously placed with the genus Sclerodoris is examined and determined to be a member of the genus Halgerda . Phylogenetic analysis places this species, H. paliensis , as a basal member of the genus . Halgerda paliensis appears to be restricted to the Hawaiian Islands. Specimens previously identified as Sclerodoris paliensis from the Marshall Islands actually represent H. dalanghita Fahey & Gosliner, 1999. A new species, Halgerda onna , is described and presented as the sister taxon to a basal member of the genus. A range and depth extension of a previously described species, H. malesso , is presented. The present phylogeny is then compared to previous studies, in particular those of Fahey & Gosliner (1999a,b) .     

A new species of Monstrilla (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon off the Mexican coast of the Caribbean Sea

From plankton samples taken at a Caribbean reef lagoon off the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, an undescribed species of a monstrilloid copepod belonging to the genus Monstrilla was collected. The new species is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the structure and proportional length of the antennulae, by the particular features of the spiniform genital process, and by its size. The new species constitutes the fourth report of the genus Monstrilla in the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula.     

High degree of conservation of nuclear microsatellite loci in the genus Clusia.

In plants, microsatellites and their flanking DNA are rarely conserved across a whole genus, let alone other genera in the same family. Therefore, the possibility of using microsatellite primers developed for a species across a large number of plant species in the same genus is often limited. Remarkably, dinucleotide nuclear microsatellites developed for Clusia minor and for Clusia nemorosa amplified homologous microsatellites in species across the whole genus Clusia. In this present study, we report on the DNA sequence variation across the genus of 3 microsatellite loci with varying levels of variation. Compared over the species, there was a correlation between the lengths of the microsatellite loci. Interrupts occurred multiple times and did not seem to lead to the death of the microsatellite. These highly conserved markers will be useful for studying the variable reproductive systems in the genus Clusia.     

Discovery and Significance of the Genus Caulopteris from the Wuda Area of Inner Mongolia

Caulopteris wudaensis sp. nov. was collected from the Shanxi Formation of the early Early Permian in the Wuda area of Inner Mongolia, China. The genus Caulopteris is considered as the impression fossils of the tree fern stems. Most of the species under the genus Caulopteris are mainly distributed in the Eurameriean Province, whereas they are very rare in the Cathaysian Province. The discovery of the new species will provide some important evidences for the geographical distribution, ecology and evolution of the genus Caulopteris.     

Rhodosporidium diobovatum sp. n., the Perfect Form of an Asporogenous Yeast (Rhodotorula sp.)

New direct evidence of the relationship between the yeast form genus Rhodotorula and heterobasidiomycetous fungi is presented, namely, a new species of the heterobasidiomycetous genus Rhodosporidium with a rhodotoruloid yeast phase. The new species has the Rhodosporidium life cycle but differs significantly from, and is not interfertile with, described species of the genus. It was isolated from marine and estuarine waters of south Florida. The nature of the relationship between the Rhodosporidium species and fungi of the order Ustilaginales is discussed.     

Species of the planktonic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia of the Pacific coasts of Mexico

Species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia are common in the marine phytoplankton world-wide. Some species of this genus have been proved to be source of domoic acid (DA), a powerful toxin causing Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans and probably mass mortality in sea birds and mammals. Net plankton samples obtained during several cruises and seasons from the Pacific coasts of Mexico: western coasts of Baja California, Gulf of California, coasts of the tropical Pacific of Mexico (including the Gulf of Tehuantepec), were analyzed to study the species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Four species ( P. australis, a presumed toxic species, P. fraudulenta, P. lineola, P. pungens) and one former species of the genus, Nitzschia americana were recorded and studied by light and electron microscopy. The most common species was P. pungens, widely distributed along the Pacific coasts of Mexico. All other species appeared occasionally and in low relative abundances. The probable misidentification of P. australis as P. seriata is discussed, as well as the presence of another potentially toxic species, P. delicatissima, in the Gulf of California. No case of toxicity (ASP) has been fully documented and therefore related to toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in the Gulf of California. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

First record of the genus aprivesa melichar (hemiptera: fulgoromorpha) from South India, with description of one new species

Aprivesa unimaculatasp. n. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) is described and illustrated from Coorg, south India. This represents the first record of the genus Aprivesa Melichar from India and the fourth known species of Aprivesa. The new taxon greatly extends the range of the genus Aprivesa, which was previously known as an endemic Australian genus. A checklist of all known species of the Ricaniidae from India and keys to all the known genera of the Ricaniidae from India and all species in the genus are provided.     

Climate and Soil Type Together Explain the Distribution of Microendemic Species in a Biodiversity Hotspot

The grasshopper genus Caledonula, endemic to New Caledonia, was studied to understand the evolution of species distributions in relation to climate and soil types. Based on a comprehensive sampling of 80 locations throughout the island, the genus was represented by five species, four of which are new to science, of which three are described here. All the species have limited distributions in New Caledonia. Bioclimatic niche modelling shows that all the species were found in association with a wet climate and reduced seasonality, explaining their restriction to the southern half of the island. The results suggest that the genus was ancestrally constrained by seasonality. A molecular phylogeny was reconstructed using two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers. The partially resolved tree showed monophyly of the species found on metalliferous soils, and molecular dating indicated a rather recent origin for the genus. Adaptation to metalliferous soils is suggested by both morphological changes and radiation on these soils. The genus Caledonula is therefore a good model to understand the origin of microendemism in the context of recent and mixed influences of climate and soil type.     

Real-time PCR assay for the detection of species of the genus Mannheimia

Infections caused by species of the genus Mannheimia cause diverse disease complexes in many wild and domestic animals worldwide. Fast and accurate detection of single species within the genus remains an unsolved problem till today. To resolve this diagnostic challenge, we developed a real-time PCR assay for the rapid and specific identification of five species of the genus Mannheimia (M. haemolytica, M. varigena, M. ruminalis, M. granulomatis and M. glucosida) from bacterial cultures and tissue samples. The assay was validated with reference strains, field isolates and bacteria spiked tissue samples. The sodA gene was used as target region for species-specific primer pairs. The real-time PCR assay demonstrated species specificity for all five examined Mannheimia spp. and a rapid test completion time of less than 5 h. This is a considerable advantage compared to the traditional phenotyping methods currently used to distinguish between the species of the genus. The assay was able to detect approximately 10(3) bacterial cells per gram lung tissue sample, as determined with spiked tissue samples. We assume that the assay could become useful for fast laboratory diagnostic assessment particularly of respiratory infections caused by Mannheimia in animals.     

A priliminary study of the correlation between phylogeny,chemical constituents and pharmaceutical aspects in the taxa of Chinese Ranunculaceae

As a genus Acronema was first proposed by Falconer, but it was only a nomen nudum. The genus was effectively established by Edgeworth (1851) on the basis of a himalayan species, Acronema tenerum (Wall) Edgew. (= Sison tenerum Wall. 1828). Bentham & Hooker had placed the genus within Pimpinella in 1867. C. B. Clarke followed the same treatment in the Flora of British India in 1879. The much detailed systematic work of the genus was done by H. Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenreich (1927). The chief distinguishing character of the genus lies in the acuminulate of filamentous apices of the petals. At present the genus contains about 23 species chiefly in the himalayan regions and South-west China, many being found in Sichuan, Yunnan and eastern Xizang. They are usually growing under the shade of forest, roadside and riverside at the altitude 2100—4800 meters. In this paper 18 species and 2 varieties are presented, of which 5 species, 2 varieties and 1 combinations are considered as new and three arc first recorded fromChina.     

A record of the Plain Tiger,Danaus chrysippus,in Turkey

Summary

In this publication, a subdivision of the genus Annenica O. Boettger, 1877 sensu Auct. is proposed. One result of our study is the recognition of the genus Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883 for most of the South Anatolian species of the former genus Armenica. The genus Astrogena Szekeres, 1970, which was synonymised by H. NORDSIECK (1975: 98) with Armenica is redefined and used as a subgenus of Armenica for some species. Extensive recent collections contain new species and subspecies of this genus, which are described here.     

Description of Oculogryphus shuensis sp. n. (Coleoptera,Lampyridae), the first species of the genus in the Sino-Japanese realm,with a modified key to the subfamily Ototretinae

A new species of the lampyrid genus Oculogryphus Jeng, Engel, and Yang, O. shuensis sp. n. from China (Sichuan Province) is described and figured. The genus previously was known only from Vietnam, and the new species is the first representative of the genus in the Sino-Japanese zoogeographic realm. Some morphological variations of Oculogryphus and the allied genus Stenocladius are discussed and a modification to the most recent key to ototretine genera is proposed to accommodate Oculogryphus.     

A revision of the genus Labidochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi

The diagnosis of the genus Labidochromis is revised to include species with bicuspid outer teeth. Sixteen species, of which 13 are new, are described and illustrated and the validity of five others is discussed. The interrelationships between members of the genus and the relationship of the genus to other genera are discussed. No clearly defined sister group to the genus has been found either within or outside the Lake Malawi cichlid species flock. A key based on the coloration of known species is included.