共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 483 毫秒
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太谷核不育小麦花药内游离脯氨酸和总氨基酸含量的变化及其与育性的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对显性单基因控制的太谷核不育小麦不同发育阶段的可育株和不育株的花药及雌蕊内游离肺氨酸和游离总氨基酸的含量进行了分析。结果表明:(1)在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,不同育性花药之间游离脯氨酸的含量无明显差异,且含量较低。(2)在小孢子单核初期,可育花药内游离脯氨酸的含量显著高于不育花药,是不育花药的7倍,比减数分裂期增加20倍,高达其干重的1.65%,占其游离总氨基酸的50%。(3)在雌蕊中,游离脯氨酸的含量远远低于花药,不同育性植株之间差异不很明显。(4)关于游离总氨基酸的含量,在花药中减数分裂期,不同育性植株之间无明显差异;在小孢子单核初期,可育株高于不育株。在雌蕊中,相应于小孢子单核初期时,可育株稍高于不育株,受精后迅速趋于一致,但整个变化幅度不大。 相似文献
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太谷核不育小麦不育株花药败育过程中核酸代谢的异常现象 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
太谷核不育小麦,从小孢子母细胞减数分裂期开始,不育株花药的核酸代谢就有明显异常,核糖核酸(RNA)含量很低,仅为可育株花药的22%,而游离单磷酸尿苷(UMP)含量则高于可育花药4倍左右。不同育性花药中RNA聚合酶活力无明显差别。RNA水解酶活力表现异常,如其组成酶中新酶n带的出现和原有各组成酶相对活力不同程度的提高等。可育株和不育株旗叶的核酸含量无明显差别。 相似文献
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对温敏核不育小麦百农不育系(Bainong sterility,BNS)的可育和不育花药结构进行对比观察。在减数分裂期、小孢子早期和小孢子晚期,可育花药与不育花药的结构相同。小孢子分裂形成二胞花粉后,可育花粉中随着大液泡的分解,细胞质内含物增加,其中出现一些颗粒状物质。不育花药中,小孢子也可分裂形成二胞花粉,但营养细胞的大液泡不分解,细胞质也不增加,最终花粉中的细胞质消失,花粉败育。该种温敏核不育小麦的花粉败育时间发生在二胞花粉早期,可能和其大液泡没有适时分解有关。花粉败育时间的确定为进一步深入研究该种雄性不育小麦的败育机制打下了基础。 相似文献
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测定小麦叶片游离脯氨酸含量的方法 总被引:330,自引:7,他引:330
在测定样品游离脯氨酸含量时,现多采用Troll的酸性茚三酮显色法,而对样品的前处理(提取和纯化脯氨酸)却采用了不同的方法,概括起来主要有三种,即Troll的80%乙醇浸提法,Singh的甲醇-氯仿-水浸提法和Hanson的水浸提法。前两种方法的共同点是程序复杂,费时,难以在短时间内处理大批材料,且涉及试剂种类多,用量较大,成本较高。虽然近年来有人作了改 相似文献
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太谷核不育小麦不育株和可育株花药内游离氨基酸成分的比较分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
太谷核不育小麦是1972年在我国山西太谷县发现的、受显性雄性不育单基因(TaI)控制的天然突变体,在小麦中尚属首次发现(邓景扬和高忠丽1982)。由于仅在少数植物中发现过显性雄性核不育 相似文献
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抗病毒性越强的辣椒品种,其花药中的游离脯氨酸含量越高。在同一品种辣椒花药中的游离脯氨酸含量,随着花药发育的进程而逐渐增加。 相似文献
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蓝粒小麦与太谷核不育小麦间染色体片段转移的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文研究的目的是对太谷核不育小麦籽粒进行颜色标记,以便进一步利用太谷核不育小麦。以蓝粒小麦4D-4E二体异代换系作为际记性状供体,利用中国春小麦ph突变体诱导部分同源染色体联会,增加同组染色体间的交换,使4D染色体上的Tai基因与4E染色体上的蓝胚乳基因连锁。在本实验杂交组合[(Taitai×phph)×蓝粒小麦]×phph~2 F_3中得到一个蓝粒高不育穗行,经分析与继代观察,初步认为这一穗行为4E带有蓝胚乳基因的染色体片段转侈到4D染色体上,使蓝胚乳基因与Tai基因发生不完全连锁。同时对ph突变体诱导部分同源染色体联会的作用等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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用焦锑酸盐沉淀法研究了温敏雄性核不育水稻在减数分裂时期和单核早期可育花药与不育花药的钙分布.结果表明:在减数分裂时期,可育花药小孢子母细胞和药室内的钙颗粒很少,而不育花药小孢子母细胞中分布许多的钙颗粒,特别是药室中的钙颗粒异常丰富,小孢子母细胞减数分裂异常,细胞质收缩退化.在单核早期,可育花药花粉内的钙颗粒极少,花粉表面分布许多钙颗粒,而不育花药花粉内分布许多钙颗粒,药室内的钙颗粒仍然非常丰富.可育花药维管束鞘细胞体积大且形状规则,细胞内的钙颗粒很少,而不育花药维管束鞘细胞体积小且形状不规则,细胞内的钙颗粒较多. 相似文献
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利用染色体消除法获得太谷核不育小麦纯合体 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
太谷核不育小麦的育性受单个显性雄性不育基因(Ta1)控制,其不育株总是杂合(Ta1ta1)的,纯合不育株(Ta1Ta1)并不存在。实验以太谷核不育小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)为母本和玉米(ZeamaysL.)杂交,利用杂合子和幼胚细胞分裂过程中父本玉米染色体自发消除的特点,经过激素处理、幼胚拯救和染色体人工加倍,成功地获得了自然界不存在的纯合显性太谷核不育小麦新种质(Ta1Ta1),并利用“玻璃化”超低温保存方法,将这一宝贵新种质长期保存下来。 相似文献
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四川大头茶(Gordonia acuminata)是缙云山亚热带常绿阔叶林的优势树种之一,在缙云山的很多群落类型中均有分布。对缙云山四川大头茶的花粉游离脯氨酸含量的影响因素以及花粉游离脯氨酸含量与四川大头茶生殖产量之间的关系进行了研究。研究表明,缙云山四川大头茶的花粉游离脯氨酸含量不受植株年龄大小的影响,但与植株所处的群落类型有很大关系。常绿阔叶中四川大头茶的花粉游离脯氨酸含量最高,四川大头茶纯林中次之,针阔混交林中四川大头茶花粉游离脯氨酸含量最低。四川大头茶花蕾产量和果实产量随植株年龄的增大而增大,但座果率与植株年龄大小无关。对花粉游离脯氨酸含量与花蕾产量、果实产量和座果率之间的相关关系分析,花粉游离脯氨酸含量与花蕾产量不具有相关关系,与果实产量具有正相关关系,与座果率具有极显著正相关关系。这证实了与受精作用无关的生殖产量特征不受花粉游离脯氨酸含量影响,而与受精作用有关的生殖产量特征将受花粉游脯氨酸含量影响的研究假设。由于与花粉游离脯氨酸含量呈极显著正相关关系,座果率具有和花粉游离脯氨酸含量一样的群落间变化模式。 相似文献
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从小麦幼苗和花药中提取的二氢吡咯-5-羧酸(P5C)还原酶,在可育花药中活性很高,约为幼苗中活性的7~13倍,表明花药有很高的脯氨酸合成能力。从减数分裂期到单核靠边期酶活性逐渐升高,到双核初期明显降低。在不育花药中,减数分裂期酶活性高于可育花药,到单核初期酶活明显下降,仅为可育花药活性的一半。 初步纯化的小麦幼苗P5C还原酶的最适pH为7.2左右。对P5C和NADH的K_m值分别为400μmol/L和370/μmol/L。以NADPH为供氢体,其酶活性为NADH的35%。NADP~+、NAD~+、ATP、ADP对酶活性均有强烈的抑制作用。脯氨酸浓度在10m mol/L以上对酶活有轻微抑制作用。 相似文献
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In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), water deficit during meiosis in the microspore mother cells (MMCs) induces pollen abortion, resulting in the failure of fertilization and a reduction in grain set. In stressed plants, meiosis in MMCs proceeds normally but subsequent pollen development is arrested. Unlike normal pollen grains, which accumulate starch during the late maturation phase, stress-affected anthers contain pollen grains with little or no starch. Stress also alters the normal distribution of starch in the anther wall and connective tissue. To determine how starch biosynthesis is regulated within the developing anthers of stressed plants, we studied the expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which catalyzes the rate limiting step of starch biosynthesis. Two partial-length cDNAs corresponding to the large subunit of AGP were amplified by RT-PCR from anther RNA, and used as probes to monitor AGP expression in developing anthers of normal and water-stressed plants. These clones, WAL1 and WAL2, had identical deduced amino acid sequences and shared 96% sequence identity at the nucleic acid level. In normal anthers, AGP expression was biphasic, indicating that AGP expression is required for starch biosynthesis both during meiosis and later during pollen maturation. AGP expression in stressed anthers was not affected during the first phase of starch accumulation, but was strongly inhibited during the second phase. We conclude from these results that the reduced starch deposition later in the development of stressed pollen could be the result of a lower expression of AGP. However, this inhibition of AGP expression is unlikely to be the primary cause of male sterility because anatomical symptoms of pollen abortion are observed prior to the time when AGP expression is inhibited. 相似文献
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Green house study was aimed to investigate the effect of seed biopriming with drought tolerant isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, viz. Th 56, 69, 75, 82 and 89 on growth of wheat under drought stress and to explore the mechanism underlying plant water stress resilience in response to Trichoderma inoculation. Measurements of relative water content, osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane stability index were performed. In addition, analysis of the phenolics, proline, lipid peroxidation and measurements of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity were carried out. Seed biopriming enhanced drought tolerance of wheat as drought induced changes like stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were delayed. Drought stress from 4 to 13 days of withholding water induced an increase in the concentration of stress induced metabolites in leaves, while Trichoderma colonisation caused decrease in proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and an increase in total phenolics. A common factor that negatively affects plants under drought stress conditions is accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and we tested the hypothesis that seed biopriming reduced damages resulting from accumulation of ROS in stressed plants. The enhanced redox state of colonised plants could be explained by higher l ‐phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity in leaves after 13 days of drought stress in Trichoderma treated plants. Similar activity was induced in untreated plants in response to drought stress but to a lower extent in comparison to treated plants. Our results support the hypothesis that seed biopriming in wheat with drought tolerant T. harzianum strains increased root vigour besides performing the process of osmoregulation. It ameliorates drought stress by inducing physiological protection in plants against oxidative damage, due to enhanced capacity to scavenge ROS and increased level of PAL, a mechanism that is expected to augment tolerance to abiotic stresses. 相似文献
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本文从颖花发育的形态学和生理学角度,综述了水稻穗分化期至抽穗开花期非生物胁迫导致颖花不育的机理,旨在揭示非生物胁迫导致水稻颖花败育的关键过程及其内在联系.颖花是否可育主要与绒毡层细胞行为、花药开裂与散粉、花粉萌发、受精4个关键过程有关,胁迫通过影响这些关键过程,导致颖花不育.花药发育早期异常变化影响生殖细胞发育与授粉作用.可以通过喷施外源物质或增施硅肥等方法减缓非生物胁迫对颖花育性的伤害.今后需要加强交叉胁迫对颖花育性的影响、不同胁迫对花器官形态结构和生理特性的影响、不同水稻品种对胁迫的响应差异,以及胁迫影响花器官发育的分子生物学机制等方面的研究. 相似文献
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Xiaolong Fang Xiangchi Feng Xiaoyuan Sun Xiangdong Yang Qing Li Xulei Yang Jie Xu Minghui Zhou Chunjing Lin Yi Sui Limei Zhao Baohui Liu Fanjiang Kong Chunbao Zhang Meina Li 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(11):2322-2332
A complete and genetically stable male sterile line with high outcrossing rate is a prerequisite for the development of commercial hybrid soybean. It was reported in the last century that the soybean male sterile ms2 mutant has the highest record with seed set. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the MS2 gene in soybean, which encodes a protein that is specifically expressed in the anther. MS2 functions in the tapetum and microspore by directly regulating genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the lipid metabolism, which is essential for the formation of microspore cell wall. Through comparison of the field performance with the widely used male sterile mutants in the same genetic background, we demonstrated that the ms2 mutant conducts the best in outcrossing rate and makes it an ideal tool in building a cost-effective hybrid system for soybean. 相似文献

