网球花的核型

本文报道网球花（Ｈａｅｍａｎｔｈｕｓｍｕｌｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ）体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝１８;核型模式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１８＝２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋２ｔ。按Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的核型不对称类型属于“３Ｃ”型,是较进化的类型,为研究植物系统进化提供细胞学资料。     

鮋形目两种鱼的染色体组型研究

采用活体注射秋水仙素制备鱼类肾细胞染色体的方法,对　形目的许氏平　Ｓｅｂａｓｔｅｓｓｃｈｌｅｇｅｌｉ（Ｈｉｌｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ〕和欧氏六线鱼ＨｅｘａｇｒａｍｍｏｓｏｔａｋｉｉＪｏｒｄａｎ＆Ｓｔａｒｋｓ的染色体组型进行了初步研究。许氏平　的二倍体染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,其中一对中部着丝粒染色体,其余全部为端部着丝粒染色体;一对端着丝粒染色体具随体。欧氏六线鱼２ｎ＝４８,３对中部着丝粒染色体,１０对亚中部着丝粒染色体,８对亚部着丝粒染色体和３对端部着丝粒染色体,其中１对端部着丝粒染色体具随体。     

You形目两种鱼的染色体组型研究

采用活体注射秋水仙素制备鱼类肾细胞染色体的方法,对Ｙｏｕ形目的许氏平ＹｏｕＳｅｂａｓｔｅｓ ｓｃｈｔｅｇｅｌｉ（Ｈｉｌｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ）和欧氏六线鱼Ｈｅｘａｇｒａｍｍｏｓ ｏｔａｋｉｉ Ｊｏｒｄａｎ ＆ Ｓｔａｒｋｓ的染色体组型进行了初步研究。许氏平Ｙｏｕ的二倍体染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,其中一对中部着丝粒染色体,其余全部为端部着丝粒染色体,一对端着丝粒染色体具随体。欧氏六线鱼２ｎ＝４８,３对中部着     

七种药用植物的染色体研究

对山东７种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明：田旋花（ＣｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝７８;蜜柑草（ＰｈｙｌａｎｔｈｕｓｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａｅＨａｖａｔａ）的染色体数目为ｎ＝８８;挂红灯（ＰｈｙｓａｌｉｓａｌｋｅｋｅｎｇｉＬｖａｒｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉ（Ｍａｓｔ）Ｍａｋｉｎｏ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ｓａｔ）,核型“２Ａ”型;无剌曼陀罗（ＤａｔｕｒａｓｔｒａｍｏｎｉｕｍＬｖａｒｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｊａｃｑ）ＳｃｈｉｎｚｅｔＴｈｅｌ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ｂ”型;决明（ＣａｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２６＝２４ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;荔枝草（ＳａｌｖｉａｐｌｅｂｅｉａＲＢｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;车前（ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏａｓｉａｔｉｃａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３２ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型。     

对苞萱草的核型研究

本文报道用光学显微镜观察对苞萱草Ｈｅｍｅｒｏｃａｌｉｓｆｕｌｖａ（Ｌ．）Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｏｐ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａＨ．ＫｏｎｇｅｔＣ．Ｊ．Ｗａｎｇ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．的染色体,按全国第一次植物染色体学术讨论会建议的标准进行核型分析。研究结果表明,对苞萱草体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝２２,核型公式ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝１２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ,属于Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ核型的２Ｂ型。甘肃萱草属植物的核型可分为两大类群,对苞萱草的核型属于第二类群。对苞萱草与萱草Ｈ．ｆｕｌｖａ（Ｌ．）Ｌ．的核型较接近,为新变种的确立提供了细胞学方面的依据。     

睡莲科的核型分析及其分类学位拿的探讨

本文对睡莲科６属６种代表植物的核型进行了研究,并探讨了它的分类学位置,结果如下,莲２ｎ＝１６＝９ｓｍ＋４ｍ＋３ｓｔ;王莲２ｎ＝２４＝８ｓｍ＋８ｍ＋８Ｔ;蓝睡莲２ｎ＝２８,可配成１４对,染色体小,第１号染色体上有２条随体,萍蓬草２ｎ＝３４＝１８ｍ＋１６ｓｍ;芡实２ｎ＝５８,可配成２９对,染色体小,第１号染色体有２条随体,莼菜２ｎ＝７２,可配成３６对,染色体按大小可分成大、中、小三个类别。除莲外,其这     

东方五福花的核型分析

东方五福花体细胞染色体数为２ｎ＝１０８,其中包含３２个中部着丝点染色体,２４个近中着丝点染色体,２０个近端部着丝点染色体和３２个端部着丝点染色体。其核型公式可概括为：２ｎ＝１０８＝３２ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２０ｓｔ＋３２ｔ。     

绒属Caryomys（Thomas，1911）地位的恢复（啮齿目：仓鼠科：田鼠亚科）

绒属Ｃａｒｙｏｍｙｓ原为Ｔｈｏｍａｓ（１９１１）命名的Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｕｓ属中的一个新亚属,Ｈｉｎｔｏｎ（１９２３）将它升格为独立属,但很快又于１９２６年否定了此属的存在,从此各国学者或认为它是属Ｃｌｅｔｈｒｌｏｎｏｍｙｓ的同物异名,或认为它是绒鼠属Ｅｏｔｈｅｎｏｍｙｓ的亚属,近７０年间再无人承认此属名。本文通过对Ｃａｍｐｍｙｓ所包含的ｉｎｅｚ和ｅｖａ两种的形态学及染色体核型进行研究,并与绒鼠属Ｅｏｔｈｅｎｏｍｙｓ和属Ｃｌｅｔｈｒｉｏｎｏｍｙｓ代表种类的相关特征进行了比较分析,结果表明,ｉｎｅｚ和ｅｖａ除在形态上与绒鼠属及属种类有一些明显差异外,在染色体核型上也有显著不同,主要表现在：ｉｎｅｚ及ｅｖａ的染色体数目２ｎ＝５４,且在常染色体中,其最大的一对染色体均为亚端部着丝粒染色体;而绒鼠属和属的染色体数目则为２ｎ＝５６,且在常染色体中无此对端部着丝粒染色体。为此,作者认为应恢复Ｃａｒｙｏｍｘｓ属的分类地位。     

三种小鲵和极北鲵的核型

本文报道了安吉小鲵（Ｈｙｎｏｂｉｕｓａｍｊｉｅｎｓｉｓ）、中国小鲵（Ｈ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）、东北小鲵（Ｈ．ｌｅｅｃｈｉ）（辽宁桓仁）和极北鲵（Ｓａｌａｍａｎｄｒｅｌａｋｅｙｓｅｒｌｉｎｇｉ）（吉林白河）的核型。３种小鲵２ｎ＝５６,染色体按大小和形状分为大、中、小型双臂和小型单臂４组。极北鲵２ｎ＝６２,染色体按大小和形状可分为大、中、小型３组。对东北小鲵辽宁桓仁与辽宁千山标本核型的显著差异结合分类学问题进行了讨论。对３种小鲵核型进行了比较分析,并讨论了中国的小鲵属核型特点。比较了不同地区极北鲵核型的异同,并将其与小鲵属核型进行了比较。     

大赖草及近缘种染色体C—分带的研究

对Ｔｈｉｎｏｐｙｒｕｍｎｂｅｓａｒａｂｉｃｕｍ（Ｓａｖｕｌ．＆Ｒａｙｓ）Ａ．Ｌｖｅ、新麦草（Ｐｓａｔｈｙｒｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｊｕｎｃｅａ（Ｆｉｓｃｈ．）Ｎｅｖｓｋｉ）和大赖草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓｒａｃｅｍｏｓｕｓ（Ｌａｍ．）Ｔｚｖｅｌ．）染色体Ｃ分带的核型进行了比较研究。Ｔｈ．ｂｅｓａｒａｂｉｃｕｍ和新麦草的染色体在Ｃ分带带型上有明显的差异,显示了物种的特异性。３个物种的核型表明,Ｃ带带纹主要分布在染色体的末端,大部分染色体不显着丝粒带和中间带。在大赖草染色体上的末端带很明显。一些大赖草的染色体具有与Ｔｈ．ｂｅｓａｒａｂｉｃｕｍ和新麦草某些染色体相似的Ｃ带带型。对大赖草染色体组与Ｔｈ．ｂｅｓａｒａｂｉｃｕｍ和新麦草染色体组的关系进行了讨论。     

开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体核型分析

对盆栽开普卢荟(Aloe ferox Miller)和木立卢荟(Aloe arborescens Miller)植物根尖细胞的染色体进行了观察分析。结果表明开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体数与已见报导的百合科(Liliaceae)中国芦荟(Alov vera var.chinensis)植物染色体数相同, 2n=14。染色体类型按Levan 方法分类, 没有近端部染色体和随体。开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体核型分析结果均为K(2n)=2x=4sm+10st。根据Stebbins 的核型分类标准, 开普芦荟的核型为"4C"型, 而木立芦荟的核型为"3C"型。两种芦荟染色体相对长度组成均为2n=14=6L+2M2+6S。根据核型研究, 可以确定百合科开普芦荟和木立芦荟的染色体基数为X=7。     

粤北地区中华芦荟内生真菌的初步研究

从中华芦荟[Aloe veraL.var.chinensis(Haw.)Berger]的根和叶中分离出内生真菌40株,经形态学鉴定属于3目3科7属;分别对其液体发酵液进行抗菌活性检测,发现青霉属LH4和头孢属LH34菌株具有抗菌活性。     

新疆20种药用植物的染色体观察

本文对在新疆生长和引种栽培的10科20种药用植物染色体进行了计数和研究,其中5种进行了核型分析,6种为首次报道。     

芦荟属14种2变种植物的核型分析

报道了芦荟属14种2变种植物的核型,实验结果表明所研究种类的体细胞染色体基数均为X=7,二倍体,由4对长染色体和3对短染色体组成。根据Stebbins（1971）的核型分类标准,Aloeaffinis Berger等3种芦荟的核型为“3B”型,Aloe graciliflora Groenewald等3种芦荟的核型为“4B”型,A．mitriformis Mill等3种2变种芦荟的核型为“3C”型,A．saponaria（Air．）Haw等5种芦荟的核型为“4c”型。其中有6种1变种芦荟的核型为首次报道。另外,还对芦荟的系统分类进行了讨论。     

木立芦荟小孢子母细胞减数分裂与花粉育性关系的初步研究

文章从减数分裂过程、小孢子发育两方面,探讨了木立芦荟（Aloe arboresens Mill.）花粉败育的原因。木立芦荟花粉母细胞染色体数目为2n=14,由四对长染色体和三对短染色体组成,属二型性核型。其减数分裂异常,发现存在单价体和多价体、染色体桥、落后染色体、不均等分离、微核等。同时观察到木立芦荟染色体具有极度的粘质性,使减数分裂各阶段的染色体不易散开。统计各种异常现象出现的频率并分析了这些异常现象形成的可能机制及对正常小孢子形成的影响,推测染色体间的丝状粘连可能是木立芦荟小孢子母细胞减数分裂异常并导致败育花粉产生的主要因素。成熟花粉粒中90%以上为败育花粉,属碘败型。     

芦荟凝集素的分离、纯化和部分性质的研究

新鲜芦荟叶（Ａｌｏｅ ｖｅｒａ Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｈａｗ．）Ｂｅｒｇｅｒ）于室温用低浓度ＮａＣｌ溶液提取。离心和透析后,经Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖０Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ亲和层析,分离纯化出芦荟凝集素（ＡＣＬ）。用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００测表观分子量为３５ＫＤ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ出现两条色带;染色 ;宽带和较浅的罕带。亚基分子量分别为１５ＫＤ和２０ＫＤ。能专一性凝集兔血细胞和人血红细胞     

多花水仙(Narcissus tozetta L.)染色体基数x=10和X=11之间进化关系的研究

多花水仙的染色体基数有x=10和x=11两类。基数x=10组型有两种,一种是具6长、4短的典型不对称的二形染色体组型;另一种是具有4长、2中、4短(或5长、2中、3短)的非二形染色体组型。基数x=11则具有4长、2中、5短(或5长、2中、4短)的非二型或非典型二形的染色体组型。x=10的典型不对称的二形染色体组型是原始的组型。基数x=11是从原始的x=10、2n=20组型中的(第5、6号)染色体发生不等长易位后,增加了一对短小的中着丝粒染色体而形成的。另一个x=10、2n=20的非二型新组型,可能从x=11组型丢失了短小的中着丝粒染色体衍生而来,也可能从易位后的个体所产生的不含中着丝粒染色体的雌、雄n配子结合而得到。     

中华芦荟组培苗与正常苗某些理化特性的比较研究

对中华芦荟（Aloe vera L.var.chinensis) 组培苗与正常苗的干重,含水量,可溶性糖含量,叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,蛋白质含量及蛋白质电泳,光合速率,呼吸速率,超氧化物歧化酶活性等理化指标进行了比较研究,结果表明,中华芦荟组培苗与正常苗的上述各项指标均差异不显著,证明植物组织培养方法是中华芦荟快繁的一条有效途径,可用组培苗来代替正常的扦插苗。     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Polygonatum Mill.

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows: 1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time. The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. 2. Polygonatum filipes Merr. Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B. The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them. Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B. Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to 8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of 2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time. 3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B. 4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom. The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time.