壳聚糖固定化酶一步纯化抑肽酶研究

采用化学改性与修饰微珠壳聚糖为载体,共价法偶联牛胰蛋白酶,制成抑肽酶亲和吸附剂,单位活力５１９０ＫＩＵ／ｇ（湿）,蛋白偶联率６０．５％,酶活性回收率５５％;将其直接亲和层析牛肺提取液,分离纯化高比活抑肽酶。方法过程简单,样品比活力５７００ＫＩＵ／ｍｇ,质量稳定,成本较低;该吸附剂机械强度高,抗污染能力较强,非特异性吸附较小,可以反复使用,价格低廉,适合工业化生产。     

壳聚糖固定化木聚糖酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出木聚糖酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上。1．0g壳聚糖与4％的二醛结合固定3．5mg蛋白,酶活回收率为46．6％。在酶的最适pH为4．6,固定化酶为pH3．8。原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60－75℃都具有较高活性。固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶,固定化酶的表现Km值略低于原酶,前者为5．0×10－2g／L,后者为3．58×10－2g／L。     

壳聚糖固定化半纤维素酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出半纤维素酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上.0.5 g壳聚糖与4%的戊二醛结合固定2.5 mg蛋白质,酶活回收率为45.6%. 原酶的最适pH为4.6,固定化酶为pH 3.6.原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60～75℃都具有较高活性.固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶. 以半纤维素为底物,固定化酶的表观K_m值略低于原酶,前者为5.0×10^－2 g/L,后者为3.58×10^－2 g/L.     

改性与修饰壳聚糖固定化酶纯化抑肽酶研究

采用化学改性与修饰微珠壳聚糖为载体,共价法偶联牛胰蛋白酶,制成抑肽酶亲和吸附剂,单位活力5 190 KIU/g（湿）,蛋白质偶联率60.5％,酶活性回收率55％;将其直接亲和层析牛肺提取液,分离纯化高比活抑肽酶.方法过程简单,样品比活力5 700 KIU/mg,质量稳定,成本较低;该吸附剂机械强度高,抗污染能力较强,非特异性吸附较小,可以反复使用,价格低廉,适合工业化生产.     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以壳聚糖为载体,成二醛为交联剂将木瓜蛋白酶固定化。5％戊二醛在4-6℃下处理载体5h,加酶液(3.5mg/mL蛋白,pH7.2)固定12h,活力回收达32％,作用于酪蛋白的半衰期为36天,其表观K_m(酪蛋白)值为0.075％(W/V),溶液酶的K_m值为0.086％;最适pH7.0～7.5,溶液酶为7.0～8.5。固定化酶在pH8.5以下,溶液酶在9.0以下活力稳定。固定化酶在45℃以下,溶液酶在75℃以下稳定。用6mol/L脲洗脱固定化酶4次(5.5h)活力仍有54.5％。用固定化酶处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了1.5-3.7倍,蛋白质含量下降了44％,冷藏(4℃)120天无冷混浊现象发生并保持了啤酒原有风味和理化性状。     

壳聚糖载体的改性及其用于固定化漆酶的研究

利用有机酸改性壳聚糖,并用交联法制备酸化的壳聚糖载体,然后用改性壳聚糖载体固定漆酶。甲酸、乙酸改性壳聚糖的最适条件:壳聚糖与甲酸、乙酸的质量摩尔比(g/mol)分别为100∶1、100∶1.5,戊二醛的质量分数为1%,缓冲溶液的pH分别是4.4、5.0,反应时间为3h;壳聚糖与酒石酸、草酸的质量摩尔比(g/mol)分别为100∶0.5、100∶2,戊二醛的质量分数为2%,缓冲溶液的pH分别是3.6、4.2,反应时间为4.5h。不同有机酸改性的壳聚糖用于漆酶的固定,其酶活都有不同程度的提高,尤其用酒石酸改性的壳聚糖载体效果最好,其酶活提高了57%。     

甲壳素和壳聚糖作为酶和细胞的固定化载体的研究进展

天然高分子甲壳素及其主要衍生物壳聚糖是一类新型的、作为酶和活细胞固定化载体的有效材料。本文综述了它们对十几种酶和活细胞的固定化作用,并提出了将它们制备成凝胶型珠状交联树脂的必要性。     

交联壳聚糖微球固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶工艺研究

目的:以戊二醛交联壳聚糖微球为载体,通过共价连接反应固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶.方法:以固定化酶比活和酶活回收率为目标,采用单因素方法优化固定化工艺、微球制备条件.结果:微球最佳制备条件:2.5%壳聚糖,2%乙酸,7.5%氢氧化钠,氢氧化钠:乙醇(v/v)=1:1.最佳固定化工艺为:0.1g壳聚糖微球在20mL 3%戊二醛溶液中50℃交联2h.加酶量为7 388mU/g干球,25℃吸附24h.固定化酶比活为6 188mU/g干球,酶活回收率为95.4%.结论:交联壳聚糖微球共价连接法可有效固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶.     

纳米磁性壳聚糖微球固定化酵母醇脱氢酶的研究

建立了以纳米级磁性壳聚糖微球(magnetic chitosan microspheres , M-CS)为载体固定化酵母醇脱氢酶(yeast alcohol dehydrogenase,YADH)的方法,优化了YADH的固定化条件,考察了固定化酶的性质。结果表明,M-CS 呈规则的圆球形,粒径在30nm 左右,具有较好的磁响应性。酵母醇脱氢酶固定化适宜条件为:50 mg 磁性壳聚糖微球,加入20mL 0.25 mg/mL 酵母醇脱氢酶(蛋白质含量)磷酸盐缓冲液(0.05 mol/L ,pH 7.0) ,在4 ℃固定2h。M-CS 容易吸附酵母醇脱氢酶,但吸附的酶量受载体与酶的比例、溶液的离子浓度、溶液pH的影响明显,而温度对吸附的酶量的影响则相对较弱。相对于游离的酵母醇脱氢酶,固定化酶的最适温度略有升高,可明显改善其热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、操作稳定性和贮存稳定性。     

Optimized immobilization of endoglucanase Cel9A onto glutaraldehyde activated chitosan nanoparticles by response surface methodology: The study of kinetic behaviors

Immobilization of enzyme onto nanoparticles such as chitosan can have biotechnological importance. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) were prepared by Ionic gelation method and Endoglucanase Cel9A from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldariius (AaCel9A) immobilized on the nanoparticles. The FTIR results showed that the enzymes were immobilized on the ChNPs. The dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results illustrated that the AaCel9A-ChNPs approximately had 40 nm diameters. For optimizing enzyme immobilization, response surface methodology was employed using different variables (pH, enzyme immobilization time, and enzyme to ChNPs ratio [E/Cs]). The results showed that the high immobilization efficiency was achieved in pH 7, E/Cs of 0.4 in 2.63 hr. The enzyme activity results showed that, immobilization increased optimum pH for activity (from 6.5 to 7.5) and the enzyme K_m (from 3.703 to 12.195 [mg/ml]), which make it suitable to use in some industries such as detergents.     

Effects of bacterial agarase on agarose gel in cell culture

Summary Bacterial agarase, concentrated and purified from culture filtrate of agar-degrading bacteria, has been used to clean cells cultured in soft agarose from gel residues. The enzyme also has been used to liquefy the gel directly in the dishes to facilitate the removal of cells. The surfaces of glioma cells from agarase-treated colonies could not be distinguished in the scanning electron microscope from surfaces of cells which had never been in contact with agarose or agarase. This implies that most agarose residues had been removed, and also that the treatment did not seriously alter the cell surfaces. The influence of the agarase treatment also was tested by comparison of the mitotic index and the incorporation of [³H]thymidine in agarase-treated and untreated cells. No effects of the treatment could be seen in these tests. The work has been supported by the Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish Natural Science Research Council.     

Sodium bicarbonate‐gelled chitosan beads as mechanically stable carriers for the covalent immobilization of enzymes

The poor mechanical stability of chitosan has long impeded its industrial utilization as an immobilization carrier. In this study, the mechanical properties of chitosan beads were greatly improved through utilizing the slow rate of the sodium bicarbonate‐induced chitosan gelation and combining it with the chemical cross‐linking action of glutaraldehyde (GA). The GA‐treated sodium bicarbonate‐gelled chitosan beads exhibited much better mechanical properties and up to 2.45‐fold higher observed activity of the immobilized enzyme (β‐D‐galactosidase (β‐gal)) when compared to the GA‐treated sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)‐gelled chitosan beads. The differences between the sodium bicarbonate‐gelled and the TPP‐gelled chitosan beads were proven visually and also via scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, the optimum pH, the optimum temperature, the apparent K_m, and the apparent V_max of the β‐gals immobilized onto the two aforementioned types of chitosan beads were determined and compared. A reusability study was also performed. This study proved the superiority of the sodium bicarbonate‐gelled chitosan beads as they retained 72.22 ± 4.57% of their initial observed activity during the 13^th reusability cycle whereas the TPP‐gelled beads lost their activity during the first four reusability cycles, owing to their fragmentation. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:347–361, 2018     

一种海洋琼胶酶的分离纯化、酶学性质研究及降解产物分析

摘要：【目的】对海洋Agarivorans albus QM38菌株所产琼胶酶的纯化工艺和酶学性质进行了研究。【方法】发酵液通过离心、(NH4 ) 2SO4盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow 阴离子交换层析、Sephacry S-100 凝胶过滤等纯化步骤得到SDS-PAGE电泳级纯酶,并用质谱对酶的降解产物进行分析。【结果】得到琼胶酶A,纯化倍数为17.6倍,收率为15.21 %,SDS-PAGE测定其分子量为127.8 kDa。对琼胶酶A进行了进一步的性质分析,其最适反应温度为35 ℃,最适反应pH为7.6,最适底物浓度为0.9 %,多数金属离子为其活性抑制剂。琼胶酶A的降解产物经质谱分析主要为四糖和六糖。【结论】从菌株QM38的发酵液中纯化得到的琼胶酶A具有降解凝胶态琼胶的能力,其分子量与以往报道过的琼胶酶不同。     

Anti-oxidation of agar oligosaccharides produced by agarase from a marine bacterium

In order to prepare the active agar oligosaccharide, agarase extracted from a strain of unidentified marine bacterium from the South China Sea coast was selected for the agar depolymerization. The optimum decomposing conditions were determined to be pH 7.0, 35 °C and halophilic properties 2%. Three main degraded products, AOS-1, AOS-2 and AOS-3, were separated by ethanol fractionation and anion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The agar oligosaccharides exhibited antioxidative activities in scavenging hydroxyl free radical, scavenging superoxide anion radical and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The fragment with the sulfate group showed stronger antioxidative activities than that without the sulfate group. Higher antioxidative activities were found when the molecular mass was increased. The results indicated that the antioxidative activities were closely related to the molecular mass of the agar oligosaccharides and the substitute groups binding the carbohydrate ring.     

海因酶产生菌SHNU01的包埋固定化研究

对从土壤中筛选得到的高选择性产D-海因酶菌株SHNU01的性质进行了研究并探讨了用PVA-硼酸法进行包埋固定的效果。研究结果显示:固定化后的细胞与游离细胞相比,最适反应温度由游离细胞的37℃上升为47℃,在此温度下固定化细胞的酶活可达到游离细胞的3倍;连续反应7批后,固定化细胞活力为初始活力的80%。固定化细胞在操作稳定性、贮存稳定性等方面较游离细胞也有较大提高。     

Modified chitosan as a spacer for protein immobilization

Abstract

Three new, water-soluble, N-modified chitosan derivatives containing poly(ethylene glycol), dextran or inulin side chains were used as spacers for enzyme immobilization on a natural silk carrier. Amylolytic enzymes Maltogenase L and Promozyme D2, lipolytic enzyme Resinase HT and a complex of proteolytic enzymes from Streptomyces flavus 197 were immobilized. The activity of the immobilized enzymes and their stability during storage were similar to that obtained with synthetic polyamine—poly(ethylene imine) as a spacer. High operational stability of co-immobilized amylolytic enzymes Maltogenase L and Promozyme D2 in a continuous flow mini-reactor was demonstrated.     

Multipoint covalent immobilization of microbial lipase on chitosan and agarose activated by different methods

In this work Candida antarctica lipase type B (CALB) was immobilized on agarose and chitosan. The influence of activation agents (glycidol, glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin) and immobilization time (5, 24 and 72 h) on hydrolytic activity, thermal and alkaline stabilities of the biocatalyst was evaluated. Protein concentration and enzymatic activity in the supernatant were determined during the immobilization process. More active derivatives were attained when the enzymatic extract was first purified through dialysis. The highest activities achieved were: for agarose-glyoxyl (with glycidol), 845 U/g of gel, after 72 h of immobilization; for chitosan-glutaraldehyde and agarose-glutaraldehyde, respectively, 1209 U/g of gel and 2716 U/g of gel, after 5 h of immobilization. Thermal stability was significantly increased, when compared to the soluble enzyme: 20-fold for agarose-glyoxyl (with glycidol)-CALB, 18-fold for chitosan-glutaraldehyde-CALB and 21-fold for agarose-glutaraldehyde. The best derivative, 58-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme, was obtained when CALB was immobilized on chitosan activated in two steps, using glycidol and glutaraldehyde, 72 h immobilization time. The stabilization degree of the derivative increased with the immobilization time, an indication that a multipoint covalent attachment between enzyme and the support had really occurred.