中国南方隅蛛属和漏斗蛛属新种记述：蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科

本文记述隅蛛属一新种和漏斗蛛属两新种:刺隅蛛,新种Tegenaria aculeata sp.nov.三角漏斗蛛,新种Agelena triangulata sp.nov.,小斑漏斗蛛,新种Agelena micropunetulata sp.nov.。     

中国云南栅蛛属一新种：蜘蛛目：栅蛛科

本文描述栅蛛属一新种:镰形栅蛛。该新种产自云南省景洪州原始林区小溪边。文内对该新种的鉴別特征均作了简要描述,附有外雌器和触肢器图。     

湖北省盖蛛属二新种：蜘蛛目：皿蛛科

本文记述了采自湖北省神农架林区的盖蛛属Neriene二新种:鹰喙盖蛛 Neriene aquilirostralis,丽带盖蛛 Neriene calozonata。从外生殖器形态结构对新种与其近似种进行了比较。鹰喙盖蛛与人井盖蛛 N.oidedlcata Helsdingen近似;丽带盖蛛与饰斑盖蛛 N.compta Zhu et Sha 近似,但是,它们在外生殖器形态结构上存在显著差异,可以明确将其区分开。     

中国吻额蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文描述了作者1986年采自湖北省神农架林区的吻额蛛属Aprifrontalia一新种:膨大吻额蛛,新种Aprifrontalia afflata sp.nov.。目前,除本新种外,世界仅报道过1种:Aprifrontalia mascula,本新种雄蛛最显著的特征是:其额向前突呈吻状,触肢胫节前端甚膨大。外雌器形成一斜向下方的突起。模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。     

中国屿蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

屿蛛属Ｎａｓｏｏｎａ Ｌｏｃｋｅｔ,１９８２为中国新记录属。黑斑屿蛛,新种Ｎａｓｏｏｎａ ｎｉｇｒｏｍａｃｕｌａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。     

中国拟态蛛属一新种记述：蜘蛛目：拟态蛛科

本文记述采自湖北的拟态蛛科拟态蛛属一新种,定名为中华拟态蛛Ｍｉｍｅｔｕｓ ｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

西藏栅蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：栅蛛科）

本文记述蜘蛛目栅蛛科一新种——喜马拉亚栅蛛Hahnia himalayaensis sp. nov.。本新种与Hahnia pyriformis Yin et Wang和H. arizonica Chamberlin et Ivie相近似,但其额高,体躯背面斑纹以及外雌器和触肢器的构造与后两种有明显区别。     

中国管蛛属一新种：蜘蛛目：圆颚蛛科

本文记述采自江西省修水县的管蛛属蜘蛛一新种：中华管蛛Ｔｒａｃｈｅｌａｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种与日本管蛛Ｔ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＢｏｅｓ．ｅｔＳｔｒ．,１９０６在体型,体色及腹部背面的斑纹上非常相似,但该种的身体明显大于后者,两者外生殖器存在明显的差异。     

The ant-lions of southern Africa: genus Pamexis Hagen (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Palparinae: Palparini)

Abstract. Pamexis Hagen, 1866, is revised. Myrmeleon luteum Thunberg is designated as type species. A key is provided for the five species comprising the genus. Pamexis luteus (Thunberg, 1784), P.bifasciatus (Olivier, 1811) and P.contaminatus (Hagen, 1887) are redescribed: P.karoo and P.namaqua are new species. All are endemic to the Cape Province of South Africa.     

Intramolecular higher order packing of parallel quadruplexes comprising a G:G:G:G tetrad and a G(:A):G(:A):G(:A):G heptad of GGA triplet repeat DNA

GGA triplet repeats are widely dispersed throughout eukaryotic genomes and are frequently located within biologically important regions such as gene regulatory regions and recombination hot spot sites. We determined the structure of d(GGA)4 (12-mer) under physiological conditions and founded the formation of an intramolecular parallel quadruplex for the first time. Later, a similar architecture to that of the intramolecular parallel quadruplex was found for a telomere DNA in the crystalline state. Here, we have determined the structure of d(GGA)8 (24-mer) under physiological conditions. Two intramolecular parallel quadruplexes comprising a G:G:G:G tetrad and a G(:A):G(:A):G(:A):G heptad are formed in d(GGA)8. These quadruplexes are packed in a tail-to-tail manner. This is the first demonstration of the intramolecular higher order packing of quadruplexes at atomic resolution. K+ ions, but not Na+ ones, are critically required for the formation of this unique structure. The elucidated structure suggests the mechanisms underlying the biological events related to the GGA triplet repeat. Furthermore, in the light of the structure, the mode of the higher order packing of the telomere DNA is discussed.     

Morphology of Urospora chiridotae (Sporozoa: Gregarinomorpha: Eugregarinida) from sea cucumber Chiridota laevis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apoda)

Several morphological forms (morphotypes) of Urospora chiridotae gamontes are found in White Sea holothuroid Chiridota laevis. All these morphotypes are differed by localization in the body of host, form and cytological features. The gregarines are situated in several host biotopes, such as blood vessels, intestine and mesenteries. In the blood vessels elongate skittle-like cells supplied with long thin cytopillia are observed. On the external surface of the intestine spherical gregarines are found. These parasites commonly covered with one layer of coelomic epithelium's cells. In some holothuria intratissue spherical cells of parasites located in intestinal epithelium are presented. Both of these types of parasites lack cytopillia, and folds or ridges on its surface. On different mesenteries, connections between intestine and body wall, and also on intestine elongate ounce-shaped cells and gamontocysts are observed. These cells are situated on the apices of finger-like processes of the intestine and mesenteries surface. Ounce-shaped gregarines have cytopillia shorter than in skittle-like gregarines. The differences between morphotypes of Urospora chiridotae are probably caused by different environmental conditions. In the narrow rift of blood vessel elongate cells are developed. The cytopillia may serve for making more or less wide space around gregarines, which is necessary for food uptake. Spherical cells surrounded by host's cells and have the form typical for tissue parasites. In the wide coelomic cavity where convection of liquid proceeds better than in blood vessel, ounce-shaped gregarines with short cytopillia are developed. We found only typical for Urospora chiridotae ovoid oocysts with dissimilar ends, anterior collar and spine-like posterior end. Thus, the all above-mentioned morphotypes undoubtedly belong to the same species. The relationships between defense host cells and the different morphotypes of trophozoites are variable.     

Redfield revisited: variability of C:N:P in marine microalgae and its biochemical basis

Cytological events immediately following plasmogamy in Durvillaea potatorum are described. Eggs contain several types of cytoplasmic vesicle differing in size and appearance. Histochemical tests and measurements are used to characterise and distinguish different types of vesicle containing phenolic compounds, lipids and polysaccharides. Within 2 min of plasmogamy, small phenolic vesicles located just below the egg membrane undergo mass synchronised exocytosis. The contents of these vesicles are discharged as phenolic bodies on the outside of the membrane. Secretion of phenolic bodies precedes secretion of the primary zygote wall by several minutes. Limited secretion of phenolics also occurs in unfertilised eggs. Peripheral phenolic vesicles are distinguishable from physodes, which also contain phenolic compounds but which are significantly larger and tend to be localised around the egg nucleus. The possible functional significance of the phenolic bodies is discussed. Coated pits and vesicles are common in zygotes, and their presence is evidence for endocytosis.     

Biogeography of the wax scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae)

The modern and native distributions of wax scales are documented and an area cladogram including seventy species is presented. Wax scales are distributed worldwide, but most species are native to either South America or Africa. Their native distribution pattern is discussed in relation to their host-plant specificity and to the dispersal and vicariance theories of biogeography. The vicariance theory is preferred, because the pattern can be explained satisfactorily by plate tectonics but not by dispersal from a centre of origin. The wax scale group probably originated in the combined South American–African continent at least 97 million yr ago.     

Hormone interactions and regulation of PsPK2::GUS compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis thaliana

The putative pea PINOID homolog, PsPK2, is expressed in all growing plant parts and is positively regulated by auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Here, we studied hormonal regulation of PsPK2::GUS expression compared with DR5::GUS and PID::GUS in Arabidopsis. PsPK2::GUS, DR5::GUS, and PID::GUS expression in Arabidopsis shoots is mainly localized in the stipules, hydathodes, veins, developing leaves, and cotyledons. Unlike DR5::GUS, PsPK2::GUS, and PID::GUS are weakly expressed in root tips. Both DR5::GUS and PsPK2::GUS are induced by different auxins and are more sensitive to methyl indole acetic acid, 4-chloro-indole acetic acid, and α-naphthalene acetic acid than others. GA(3) has no significant effect on GUS activity in DR5::GUS-transformed seedlings compared to the control, but induction by auxin and gibberellin in combination is synergistic. Cytokinin increases auxin transport in Arabidopsis seedlings. Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin all increase GUS activity in shoots of PsPK2::GUS transformed plants compared to the control. However, only auxin and gibberellin increase GUS activity in PID::GUS shoots. In conclusion, auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin positively regulate PsPK2 expression in shoots, but not in roots. Auxin and gibberellin also upregulate AtPIN1 and LEAFY expression, which is similar to PsPIN1 and Uni in pea. With minor exceptions, the orthologous genes from both species are regulated similarly.     

The leaf-beetle genus Microdonacia Blackburn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae): revision and systematic placement

Abstract. The genus Microdonacia Blackburn is revised and its systematic position considered. Ten species are treated, seven of which are new ( bidentata, eucryphiae, grevitteae, incurva, octodentata, pilosa, pomaderris ), and lectotypes are designated for two species. Four of the new species are placed in Tantawangalo subgen.n. Microdonacia is compared with the genera Cassena Weise, Licyllus Jacoby and Orthaltica Crotch. The sister-group for Microdonacia is identified as Orthaltica and these genera are placed incertae sedis in the Galerucinae, as used in the sense of Crowson (1967). The proposed phylogeny of the species is illustrated on a cladogram.     

Revision of the Neotropical Genus Hemibidessus Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini)

The genus Hemibidessus Zimmermann, 1921 is revised. Six species are recognized in the genus. Two new species are described, H. spirodiscus sp. n. from Bolivia and H. spangleri sp. n. from Argentina. A key for identifying the species is presented. The female genitalia are thoroughly illustrated and described for the first time for any species of Bidessini. Other important diagnostic structures are also illustrated including the male genitalia. A cladistic analysis is presented for 8 species (6 ingroup and 2 outgroup species) and 13 characters. A single most parsimonious cladogram was found.     

Sedge and rush-feeding psyllids of the subfamily Liviinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea): a review

The jumping plant-lice or psyllids belonging to the subfamily Liviinae are reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized in a single genus Lima Latreille. Three new species, craivfordi sp. nov., lobata sp. nov. and manitobensis sp. nov., are described. The identities of the existing species have been widely confused and full lists of synonymies are given where appropriate. It is re-emphasized that the type species of Livia, Psylla juncorum Latreille, is a synonym of Chermes junci Schrank, a point made by Laing (1951) but ignored by subsequent authors. The latter name has priority. A taxonomic key for the identification of the species is given and each species is described, diagnosed and illustrated. Supporting information is given on geographical distribution, host-plant association and general biology. Evolutionary relationships within Livia are discussed.     

The ecology and biology of Southeast Asian false spider crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae)

The false spider crabs of the family Hymenosomatidae are one of the most poorly known group of brachyuran crabs in Southeast Asia. This is largely attributed to their small size and cryptic behaviour. Despite the many studies of decapods in Southeast Asia, only eleven species of hymenosomatids are known. Of these, two genera and six species were only described in the last two years. From Singapore the largest number of species (five) has been reported probably because it has been the best explored, while from Thailand three species and Peninsular Malaysia two species are known. There are no published records of hymenosomatids from Borneo or Java. The hymenosomatid fauna is perhaps best known in Australia and New Zealand. It is anticipated that when proper collections are made and studies implemented, the Southeast Asian hymenosomatid fauna will prove to be more diverse than what has been reported. The ecology of the Southeast Asian species is reviewed, especially in the view that two species are completely freshwater, one of which is a troglobite. Most species are littoral or sublittoral in habit and very sensitive to human activities (e.g. pollution).