真空冷冻干燥技术在食用菌加工中的应用研究

简析了食用菌冻干制品产业发展形势,概述了真空冷冻干燥技术原理及产品特点,阐述了应用真空冷冻干燥技术加工食用菌制品所需的主要设备、生产工艺流程及操作要点。探讨真空冷冻干燥过程中,各项工艺参数对食用菌干燥特性的影响。介绍食用菌冷冻干燥技术的优越性、技术壁垒及发展前景,旨在为采用真空冷冻干燥技术对食用菌进行干燥加工提供参考。     

国内九种食用菌营养构成的分析

本文通过对全国第二届农业博览会参评的九种食用菌３９个样品的蛋白质、氨基酸等的测定,按照食用菌蛋白质的营养价值的评定标准,对其营养价值进行了评价。初步探讨了国内食用菌生产加工中存在的不足及改进的方向。     

欢迎订阅2013年《食用菌学报》

<正>《食用菌学报》系由国家科委批准,全国公开发行的学术性刊物。主要为食用菌教学和科研人员、生产单位的技术人员及供销外贸系统和领导机关的专业干部提供食用菌遗传育种、种质资源、设施栽培、菇房管理、病虫防治、生理生化及产后加工等方面的最新研究成果。     

欢迎订阅2012年《食用菌学报》

<正>《食用菌学报》系由国家科委批准,全国公开发行的学术性刊物。主要为食用菌教学和科研人员、生产单位的技术人员及供销外贸系统和领导机关的专业干部提供食用菌遗传育种、种质资源、设施栽培、菇房管理、病虫防治、生理生化及产后加工等方面的最新研究成果。     

2003年《食用菌学报》征订启事

《食用菌学报》系由国家科委批准,全国公开发行的学术类刊物。主要为食用菌教学和科研人员、生产单位的技术人员及供销外贸系统和领导机关的专业干部提供食用菌遗传育种、驯化栽培、菇房管理、栽培材料、病虫防治、生理生化及产后加工等方面的最新研究成果。     

欢迎订阅2018年《食用菌学报》

<正>《食用菌学报》系由国家科委批准,全国公开发行的学术性刊物。主要为食用菌教学和科研人员、生产单位的技术人员及供销外贸系统和领导机关的专业干部提供食用菌遗传育种、种质资源、设施栽培、菇房管理、病虫防治、生理生化及产后加工等方面的最新研究成果。2018年《食用菌学报》为A4     

食用菌脆片休闲食品的加工工艺研究现状及展望

食用菌具有丰富的营养价值以及广泛的药理价值,其产品受到国内外市场越来越多的关注。食用菌脆片类休闲食品加工技术是目前食用菌休闲食品研究领域研究的热点和重要领域。本文就食用菌脆片食品加工过程中易出现的问题和加工工序对食用菌产品产生的品质影响进行了概述和分析,并对食用菌脆片类食品开发前景进行了展望。     

欢迎订阅2016年《食用菌学报》

<正>《食用菌学报》系由国家科委批准,全国公开发行的学术性刊物。主要为食用菌教学和科研人员、生产单位的技术人员及供销外贸系统和领导机关的专业干部提供食用菌遗传育种、种质资源、设施栽培、菇房管理、病虫防治、生理生化及产后加工等方面的最新研究成果。     

食用菌休闲食品的研究开发现状及展望

对目前食用菌产业和食用菌休闲食品加工研究的现状进行了概述和分析,并对食用菌休闲食品开发的前景进行了展望。     

欢迎订阅2015年《食用菌学报》

<正>《食用菌学报》系由国家科委批准,全国公开发行的学术性刊物。主要为食用菌教学和科研人员、生产单位的技术人员及供销外贸系统和领导机关的专业干部提供食用菌遗传育种、种质资源、设施栽培、菇房管理、病虫防治、生理生化及产后加工等方面的最新研究成果。2015年《食用菌学报》为A4版,90页,每期定价15元,全年定价82元(含挂号邮寄费)。自办发行。欢迎读者直接向本编辑部订阅。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.