MNP—SH复合物一步法快速分离和纯化mRNA的新方法

本文建立了一种快速分离和纯化mRNA的新方法。为避免RT—PCR实验中mRNA降解问题,我们使用磁性纳米粒子,快速有效的从培齐的细胞、组织以及脐带血中分离出带有ploy（A）＋结尾的mRNA用于实验。研究结果表明,磁性纳米粒子经过修饰连接Oligo（dT）16可直接分离mRNA,其方法操作简单,快捷、省时,可有效地用于基因表达的研究。     

氧化硅包裹的磁性纳米粒子纯化质粒DNA

质粒的分离纯化在分子生物学实际工作中占有重要地位.本文采用氧化硅包裹的磁性纳米粒子,平均粒径为20 nm左右,在外加磁场的作用下,从细胞粗提掖中快速分离质粒DNA.用这种方法成功地从大肠杆菌DH5α浓缩和纯化得到了pUC19质粒,该质粒具有生物活性,可直接用于限制性酶切和细胞转化等分子生物学下游操作.     

链霉亲和素磁珠的合成及其用于AMP适配子传感器的研究

γ-Fe2O3是一种磁性极高的磁氧铁,被广泛用于磁性分离,然而将γ-Fe2O3磁性纳米粒子用于适配子生物传感器来研究微生物细胞中的低相对分子质量产物却鲜有报道.经非水相法合成的γ-Fe2O3磁性粒子成晶效果好,粒径为19 nm,具有良好的磁力.通过正硅酸乙酯:TEOS(ethyl silicate;tetraethyl orthosilicate)进一步处理形成在水相中分散好、粒径均匀、磁性优良的核壳型磁性纳米微球.修饰上链霉亲和素纳米微球与生物素修饰的DNA连接起来,可用于探讨和研究微生物体内的底物AMP(Adenosine Monophosphate).基于适配子与底物结合发生构象转变的原理对该适配子传感器灵敏度、特异性及活体细胞的研究进行了探讨,实验结果表明:这种新型的AMP适配子生物传感器的检测下限达到了纳摩级,且具有非常好的底物特异性,在活体中的检测亦呈现一定趋势.     

纳米磁性粒子在DNA分离与纯化中的应用进展

纳米磁性粒子是一种新型的亲和纯析固相载体 ,其粒径小 ,具有超顺磁性 ,表面积大 ,表面可赋予多种反应基团如链霉亲和素、抗体等 ,或DNA片段 ,在磁场作用下可分离目的DNA ,已逐步应用于分子生物学领域中 ,有着极为广泛的应用前景。     

人脐血CD133细胞的分离及其体外扩增的研究

目的:探讨免疫磁性纳米粒子分离人脐血CD133细胞的方法,了解分离出的CD133细胞在体外短期培养中的变化及其在体外扩增的可能性。方法:通过化学沉淀法制备具有超顺磁性的r-Fe_2O_3纳米粒子,在其表面包裹具有生物亲合性的二氧化硅,并在其表面通过化学修饰使其成为生物功能化的磁性纳米粒子。再通过一定的化学连接方法将单克隆抗体CD133连接到生物功能化的磁性纳米粒子表面使其成为免疫磁性纳米粒子,然后利用自制的免疫磁性纳米粒子从单个核细胞中分离出CD133细胞,并分别对单个核细胞和CD133细胞在体外短期培养中的动态变化进行了初步观察和比较。结果:经免疫磁性纳米粒子分离的脐血中CD133细胞平均数为(5±1．4)×10~7/ml,占单个核细胞数的(3±0．3)%;单个核细胞(对照组)和CD133细胞(实验组)分别进行红、粒系集落扩增培养14天、21天,实验组中两种造血祖细胞集落扩增倍数都明显高于对照组(P＜0．01)。结论:使用自制的免疫磁性纳米粒子能较好的分离脐血中的CD133细胞,分离与纯化出来的CD133细胞不仅细胞活力不受影响,而且与单个核细胞相比具有更强的增殖能力。     

Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子在生物医学领域的应用

Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子由于其良好的磁学性能,被广泛应用到了化学、生物、物理、环境保护等各个领域。尤其是在生物医学领域中的应用越来越受到研究者的关注。由于其所具有的优秀的超顺磁性性质,Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子可以作为造影剂,增强核磁共振成像的对比度和成像效果;也可以结合到纳米载药系统内用于药物的靶向输送;也可以包埋到蛋白内部用于蛋白的磁性分离;也可以用于基因治疗,提高靶细胞的转染效率;由于其在近红外光的作用下具有很好的光热转换效果,使温度升高,展现出的良好热疗效果,Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子又可以用于癌细胞的热疗。本文针对其在该领域中作为药物的靶向传递,蛋白的磁分离,核磁共振成像,热疗,以及基因治疗的载体等方面的研究应用进行了系统性的总结,阐述了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子在生物医学领域中各种应用进展和优势。     

用壳聚糖亲和磁性微球纯化血浆凝血酶的研究

通过化学共沉淀法合成纳米粒子Fe3O4磁核,以壳聚糖为包裹材料包被自制的磁核,采用乳化交联法制备了具有核-壳结构的磁性高分子微球-壳聚糖磁性微球,并偶联肝素配基得到了一种新型亲和磁性微球,应用SEM、FT-IR、XRD等对微球的粒径、形貌、结构和磁响应性进行了表征.考察了该亲和磁性微球对凝血酶的分离纯化性能,并与传统的DEAE离子交换色谱法进行了比较.结果表明,所得亲和磁性微球具有较窄的粒径分布、形状规整,粒径在50nm左右.对凝血酶一步吸附纯化获得了比活为1879.71U/mg的酶,得率85%,纯化倍数11.057,而传统柱层析法得率为72%,纯化倍数仅为5.33.制备了壳聚糖亲和磁性微球,并将磁分离技术应用于凝血酶的分离纯化,得到了较好的效果,这将对于凝血酶的纯化及生产具有一定参考价值.     

Protein A磁性纳米颗粒载体的制备及应用

本研究采用本课题组合成的表面氨基化磁性纳米微球,首先通过化学共价交联制备了葡萄球菌Protein A磁性纳米微球载体（SPA-MP）,并探讨了载体制备的优化条件。然后根据生物分子特异性亲合作用原理,在外加磁场的定向控制下,通过亲和吸附、清洗和解吸附等操作,探讨了SPA-MP载体在抗体分离纯化领域的应用可行性。载体制备优化实验结果显示,通过改变蛋白质浓度、交联剂浓度和交联剂活化时间可以制备不同表面密度的SPA-MP载体。300 μg SPA,2.5% (V/V)戊二醛浓度和3小时的活化时间可以获取表面密度高达35 mg SPA/g磁性纳米微球的载体。此外,应用结果显示每克SPA-MP磁性微球载体可以结合高达14 mg 的CD25抗体,同时可有效地分离纯化人抗血清样品中的IgG抗体。     

磁性多肽纳米探针的新法制备及其在细胞分离中的应用

通过静电自组装方法,在磁性纳米颗粒表面依次修饰带正电的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化胺(Poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride),PDADMAC)和带负电的聚丙烯酸(Poly(acrylicacid),PAA),获得羧基化的磁性纳米复合粒子。进而将PAA上的羧基在1-乙基-3(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide,EDC)活化下与多肽LyP-1(CGNKRTRGC)上的氨基发生反应,从而使多肽LyP-1成功地连接到磁性颗粒表面,获得的磁性多肽纳米颗粒可靶向分离肺腺癌SPCA-1细胞,但不识别正常人胚肾293细胞。     

磁性纳米粒子作用于肝癌细胞的生物学效应的研究进展

磁性纳米粒子,是一类智能型的纳米材料,因其特有的性质,被广泛应用于生物医学领域,在肝癌的治疗方面也有大量的实验性研究和成果。研究和探索磁性纳米粒子治疗肝癌的新方法和途径,有着很大的现实意义。本文就磁性纳米粒子作用于肝癌细胞的生物学效应的研究现状和进展进行总结整理,从三个方面进行了综述:磁性纳米粒子直接作用于肝癌细胞,探索磁性纳米粒子的生物相容性、在肝癌细胞的分布方式以及磁性纳米粒子本身对肝癌细胞的生物学效应的影响;磁性纳米粒子协同外加磁场(稳恒磁场、极低频交变磁场和高频交变磁场)作用于肝癌细胞;磁性纳米粒子外加修饰(磁性白蛋白纳米颗粒、纳米磁流体、磁性脂质体等),作为药物载体作用于肝癌细胞。     

Feasible and reliable quantification of mRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana using optical thin-film biosensor chips

mRNA quantification is very important in molecular biological researches.Traditional spectrophotometric method cannot distinguish DNA,rRNA and tRNA species from mRNA.Northern blot can be used for mRNA quantification but is known to be time consuming.To rapidly detect mRNA levels,we developed an optical thin-film biosensor chip based method,to quantify mRNA in samples.After total RNA was extracted,the mRNA with poly(A)tails was reverse transcribed with oligo(dT)20 primers and dNTPs mixed with digoxigenin(DIG...     

In vivo inhibition of Novikoff cytoplasmic messenger RNA methylation by S-tubercidinylhomocysteine.

The analogue S-tubercidinylhomocysteine (STH) has been used to study the methylation of mRNA in vivo. Partial inhibition of cytoplasmic poly(A)-RNA methylation was observed using a level of inhibitor which still permitted cell growth. Characterization of the partially methylated mRNA indicated the presence of cap structures lacking 2'-O-methylnucleosides, m7GpppN', which are normally not found in mammalian mRNA. Inhibition of additional methylated sites in mRNA at the second 2'-O-methynucleoside, and at internal N6-methyladenosine was also observed Methylation of 7-methylguanosine was not affected under the conditions used in these experiments. The methylnucleoside composition of cap structures differed in STH-inhibited and uninhibited cells. These results indicate that a completely methylated cap is not required for transport of mRNA into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it may now be possible to assess in vivo the sequential nature of mRNA methylation and its potential role in mRNA processing.     

Butyrate induced accumulation of a 2.3 kb polyadenylated H1(0) histone mRNA in HeLa cells.

Sodium butyrate was used to induce the accumulation of human H1(0) mRNA in HeLa cells. The length of this mRNA (2,300 nucleotides) was determined by Northern blot hybridization and S1 nuclease analysis using a human H1(0) gene probe. The mRNA shows long 5' and 3' non coding segments and it is polyadenylated. The signal for this step of mRNA maturation (cleavage and polyadenylation) appears to be the hexanucleotide AAUAAA in analogy to most (other than histone) mRNA species. Thus, the mode of maturation of H1(0) mRNA differs, on one hand, from that of the cell cycle dependent mRNA species, where it is based on a specific stem-and-loop structure. On the other hand, the 3' end of H1(0) mRNA varies from H5 mRNA, which is characterized by two unique dyad symmetry structures at its 3' end.     

Feasible and reliable quantification of mRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana using optical thin-film biosensor chips

mRNA quantification is very important in molecular biological researches.Traditional spectrophotometric method cannot distinguish DNA,rRNA and tRNA species from mRNA.Northern blot can be used for mRNA quantification but is known to be time consuming.To rapidly detect mRNA levels,we developed an optical thin-film biosensor chip based method,to quantify mRNA in samples.After total RNA was extracted,the mRNA with poly(A)tails was reverse transcribed with oligo(dT)20 primers and dNTPs mixed with digoxigenin(DIG)-11-dUTP.The transcribed first strand cDNA was hybridized with oligo(dA)20 nucleotide probes spotted on optical thin-film biosensor chips.Excess first strand cDNA,single-strand RNA,and mis-matcbed DNA/DNA hybrids were removed by washing.The perfect-matched DNA/DNA hybrid was detected with anti-DIG-AP(alkaline phosphatase)conjugate and then incubated with NBT/BCIP substrate for color development.The range of the color is from purplish red to blue,according to the cDNA mass deposited on chip surface.Detection of mRNA levels from Arabidopsis samples proved that this method is feasible for mRNA quantification,and has great potential for application in mRNA quantification in various organisms.     

Increased expression of urokinase mRNA in bovine aortic endothelial cells treated with propranolol

Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker agent widely used in a number of cardiovascular disorders, increases plasminogen activator (PA) activity in confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). This effect is time and dose dependent (10-100 microM). Hybridization studies with specific cDNA showed that propranolol was able to induce an increase in urokinase mRNA expression in a dose and time dependent manner. The propranolol effect seems to be specific for urokinase mRNA, because it does not affect a-actin mRNA expression. Cycloheximide, similarly to propranolol, also increases urokinase mRNA, indicating that the gene expression may be regulated by some rapidly turning over protein. When compounds were used in combination, a superinduction phenomenon was observed.     

Measurement of the number of molecules of a single mRNA species in a complex mRNA preparation

The normalization of data obtained from hybridization experiments with DNA chips to determine mRNA expression and concentration (gene expression profiling) is an unsolved problem. Furthermore, slight changes in mRNA expression or small numbers of mRNA molecules which may be relevant to disease cannot be detected so far. We have designed a method to calculate the number of molecules of a single mRNA species in a complex mRNA preparation. The basic concept is the transformation of a quantitative problem into a qualitative problem. Individual molecules pertaining to the same molecular species (IMPSMS) are transformed to a mixture of new different molecular species (DMS) and amplified. We propose two implementations of the method. The first procedure is based on a method for cloning tagged nucleic acid molecules onto the surface of micro-beads. It should be possible to transform and determine up to 10(6) IMPSMS into new DMS. The second strategy uses multimeric linkers, a method frequently used in DNA computing to assemble random DNA. The second strategy should be easier to implement but is limited to a few hundred IMPSMS.     

In situ dot blots: quantitation of mRNA in intact cells.

A rapid, simple and reproducible dot blot method is described for quantitating the amounts of specific messages in small numbers of intact cells. The method has been used to accurately determine the number of histone H4 mRNA molecules in growing (approximately 40,000) and in starved (approximately 1600) Tetrahymena thermophila, and to measure the amount of message contributed by an E. coli plasmid containing part of the S10 ribosomal operon. Use of the method is illustrated to optimize in situ hybridization protocols and to measure mRNA amounts in cell lysates. Preliminary studies also indicate that the method can be used to detect mRNA in intact yeast cells.