双水相萃取丽江山慈菇中的秋水仙碱

建立了由聚乙二醇(PEG6000)与(NH4)2SO4形成的双水相体系萃取丽江山慈菇中秋水仙碱的新方法。考察了PEG分子量、PEG的浓度、(NH4)2SO4的浓度和pH值对双水相成相及秋水仙碱萃取率的影响,并结合HPLC对萃取相进行检测。结果表明:PEG6000质量分数为8%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数为20%,pH为7.0时,双水相体系对丽江山慈菇粗提液中秋水仙碱萃取率达82.09%,富集倍数为6.84倍。此方法可用于丽江山慈菇中秋水仙碱的初步分离富集,且操作简单,绿色无污染。     

荧光素酶在PEG／盐系统中分配系数的研究

海洋发光细菌产生的荧光素酶在PEG／盐双水相系统中的分配系数(K)的对数值与PEG分子量成线性关系。低分子量PEG亲水性较强,有利于酶分配于PEG上相中,而高分子量PEG疏水性较强,有利于酶分配在下相盐溶液中,PEG／三价盐与PEG／二价盐系统不同,前者有一折点。在使用单一分子量PEG组成的PEG／硫酸铵系统中,K值随系统中使用的硫酸铵浓度增加而增加,硫酸铵达到一定浓度后,其浓度继续增加对K值的增加影响减小;但在两种不同分子量的PEG混合物组成的PEG／硫酸铵系统中,K值随硫酸铵浓度的增加有一最小值,在此硫酸铵浓度之外,增加或减小硫酸铵浓度,K值均会增加。在PEG／硫酸铵系统中,荧光素酶的K值随系统的pH增加略有提高,但变化不大。而在PEG／磷酸盐系统中,在pH6．4时,K值最小,pH高或低于此值,K值均增加。系统的温度变化对K值影响很小。     

双水相体系萃取人参根中人参皂苷的研究

建立稳定的聚乙二醇(PEG)与(NH4)2SO4双水相体系以分离人参根中人参皂苷。通过上下相体积比(R)、分配系数(K)和回收率(Y)分析双水相体系对人参皂苷的萃取效果,研究了PEG分子量、PEG/(NH4)2SO4质量分数、pH值和温度等因素对双水相成相及人参皂苷萃取的影响。结果表明:PEG分子量为3350、PEG3350的质量分数为12%、(NH4)2SO4质量分数为16%、溶液pH为7.0、温度为60℃时,双水相体系对人参皂苷有较高的萃取率,回收率可到达88.94%。     

双水相萃取法分离竹叶黄酮的工艺研究

以竹叶黄酮水提溶液为原料,采用PEG(聚乙二醇)/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系对竹叶黄酮进行萃取,考察了PEG平均相对分子质量、PEG质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数、pH值、NaCl质量分数、原液质量分数、萃取温度等对双水相及竹叶黄酮萃取效果的影响。双水相萃取法提取竹叶黄酮的最优条件为:PEG 400 31%,(NH4)2SO411%,pH 3.9,NaCl 0.7%,原液51.5%,萃取温度20℃,在此条件下得到的竹叶黄酮萃取率为97.8%。结果说明,双水相萃取法操作简单方便,成本低,不会引起生物质失活或变性,适合于黄酮类化合物的萃取分离。     

(乙醇+丙酮)/硫酸铵二元双水相萃取分离螺旋藻中β-胡萝卜素

采用(乙醇+丙酮)(v/v=1:2)/硫酸铵双水相体系分离螺旋藻β-胡萝卜素,确定其体系组成为15%(乙醇+丙酮)(v/v=1∶2)和24%硫酸铵。通过单因素和Box-Behnken实验探讨β-胡萝卜素粗提液、p H、萃取温度对萃取效果的影响。结果表明:β-胡萝卜素粗提液质量分数为6%、体系p H 8.0、萃取温度30℃时,萃取率可达94.55%。研究结果为β-胡萝卜素提取分离提供了新途径,双水相萃取技术在天然β-胡萝卜素提取中具有良好应用前景。     

白地霉Cryytococcus neoformans脂肪酶的双水相萃取

本文研究了不同无机盐的双水相体系对白地霉脂肪酶的萃取分离效果,对PEG/（NH4）2SO4成相系统进行了系统的研究,通过考察体系PEG分子量、不同的无机盐、PEG浓度、（NH4）2SO4浓度、离子强度、pH值及（NH4）2SO4浓度对反萃取的影响,并通过正交实验进一步优化了实验条件,初步确定在PEG浓度15%,（NH4）2SO4浓度22.5%,pH8.0,不加NaCl的条件下进行双水相萃取,脂肪酶分离系数和纯化倍数分别为6.8和7.5,比活力达到40.3 U/mg蛋白。     

用聚乙二醇(PEG)／无机盐双水相体系从枯草杆菌发酵液中提取a-淀粉酶的研究

本文报道分别用聚乙二醇(PEG)／磷酸盐和PEG／(NH·)2SO4双水相体系从枯草轩菌发酵液中提取a-淀粉酶。研究了PEG的平均分子量、PEG浓度,成相的盐的浓度和Nacl的浓度对a-淀粉酶和蛋白质的分配系数以及相比的影响,确定了最佳的操作条件。实验表明在180%PEG 1500／10％磷酸盐／0．05M NaCl的体系中,a-淀粉酶的分配系数为6.62,蛋白质分配系数为1．14,相比为2．5,a-淀粉酶总收率为94．3％,在16％PEG 1500／12％(NH₄)₂SO₄／O．05M NaCl体系中,a-淀粉酶分配系数为82,蛋白质分配系数为5．2,相比为O．92,酶收率为99％,结果表明用PEG／无机盐双水相体系直接从含有菌体的发酵液中提取a-淀粉酶是可行的。     

聚乙二醇共沉淀物复溶萃取辣根过氧化物酶的条件优化

为了改进辣根过氧化物酶的提纯方法,在双水相萃取的基础上使用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)在高饱和度(NH4)2SO4中沉淀辣根提取液中的过氧化物酶,利用磷酸盐溶液复溶解共沉淀物形成的双水相萃取体系能高效回收高纯度酶蛋白。研究了pH、PEG浓度和(NH4)2SO4饱和度对酶活性的影响,并考察不同液固比、pH和NaCl浓度对目标酶在双水相体系中的分配行为,并通过响应面法优化出最优萃取条件。结果表明:在液固比0.3 m L/g、pH7.02和NaCl 42 g/L的优化萃取条件下,辣根过氧化物酶回收率达88.1%,酶纯度较优化前提高了21.7倍。该方法的建立对于微量蛋白质的高效率提纯具有重量的参考价值。     

双水相体系萃取分离杜仲叶中桃叶珊瑚甙的研究

建立了由高分子化合物聚乙二醇(PEG4000)与葡聚糖40000(D40)形成的双水相体系萃取分离杜仲叶中桃叶珊瑚甙的新方法.考察了萃取体系相图,研究了PEG4000/D40质量分数、样品溶液加入量、pH值和温度等因素对双水相成相及桃叶珊瑚甙萃取率的影响.结果表明:PEG4000的质量分数为11%,D40质量分数为8%、样品溶液加入量为8 g,温度为60℃,溶液pH为7时,双水相体系对桃叶珊瑚甙有较高的萃取率,重复三次可达到66.32%,而且萃取得到的桃叶珊瑚甙产品的纯度达到48.67%,远远高于粗提物中的8.750%.     

白地霉脂肪酶的双水相萃取和反胶团提取

对影响双水相萃取和反胶团提取脂肪酶的各种因素进行了探讨,并通过正交实验进一步优化提取条件,PEG浓度15%,(NH4)2SO4浓度22.5%,pH8.0的条件下进行双水相萃取,脂肪酶纯化倍数达到7.5倍;CTAB浓度150mmol/L,相体积比4/2,水相pH8.0,温度40℃的条件下进行反胶团提取,脂肪酶的比活力达到最大,但其比活力稍有下降,约为原来的0.9倍。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.