采制昆虫标本方法的一些改进

采集和制作昆虫标本,是初中《生物学》第三部分动物中的一个重要实验。在组织学生进行这个实验时,我们增加并改进了一些内容,收到较好的效果。1　分组活动控制采集数量采集昆虫标本时,将学生分为4人1组,分别使用捕虫网、毒瓶、采制箱和三角包等工具,同时规定对于同一种昆虫每个小组最多只能采集2只,鼓励表扬采集昆虫种类多的小组。这种做法的好处是既使每个学生都参与了活动,又能保护昆虫资源。如果不控制捕虫网和采集的数量,必然造成滥捕,甚至破坏了生态平衡。2　增加其他捕虫网具教材中介绍的捕虫网是捕虫网中的一种,又称空网或抄网,是专…     

浸渍植物标本的几点体会

一、精心选材 选取合适的植物材料,是使标本浸渍成功的重要前提。我们注意选取新鲜,颜色纯正,无病虫斑,特征典型,具代表性的植物材料。例如:辣椒,选取红色果实带绿色叶片,红番茄绿果柄带宿存萼,黄瓜、西葫芦选取有子房下位果和雌雄花健全的带须瓜蔓,樱桃红果带绿叶,文冠果绿枝绿果,白菜花序带有角果和黄花。这样选取的植物材料,形态特征典型,容易识别,浸渍出的标本具有真实感。     

保色昆虫标本制作

保色昆虫标本制作螳螂、蝗虫、蝈蝈等绿色昆虫，很难做出令人满意的干制标本，原因是一般要破腹挖去内脏，这种昆虫标本保存一段时间后往往会变性发黑。为了保色我们利用特殊的处死方法，收到了满意的效果。材料和工具较大的昆虫针１根；大头针１０余根；内铺吸水性能较好...     

昆虫标本安全快速干燥法

在昆虫标本的采集、制作过程中 ,如何防止标本腐烂变质 ,是每个制作标本的人都很关心的问题。5～ 9月 ,是采集昆虫标本的最佳时期 ,然而 ,那一段时间气温往往较高 ,湿度较大。在野外采得的昆虫 ,一般当场经毒瓶杀死后 ,用棉花包包裹保存。身体大的 ,尤其是雌性 ,还要取出内脏。但在高温季节 ,即使这样处理 ,5～ 6小时后 ,标本仍有轻重不等的变质 ,轻则褪色、变色或失去光泽 ,重则发黑、发臭 ,完全报废。在展翅板上整好形的昆虫标本 ,需要进行干燥定型处理。气温较高 ,湿度较低的时候 ,可以采用自然干燥的办法。然而 ,在 1周左右的干燥时期里…     

对昆虫标本传统制作技术的一些改进

昆虫,作为动物界的一大家族,目前已发现的就多达100多万种,它们不仅是教学、科研的直观教具,也是收藏、美化居室的物品。自上世纪80年代初以来,观赏昆虫已作为一大产业,深入百姓之家了。按照传统昆虫标本制作方法,昆虫标本的制作工艺     

巧制昆虫标本

在教学实践中,我尝试用医用麻醉剂(利多卡因)将昆虫麻醉杀死效果很好。具体做法是:将昆虫捕到后用带有最小针头的注射器抽取医用麻药,从其胸部侧面向其体内注入,注入量根据虫体大小而定(1只凤蝶注入0.05mL即可),注入后昆虫会马上死去,接着即可展翅、风干、装盒。这种方法既经济又实用又保护环境,各位同行不妨一试。巧制昆虫标本@杨艳霞$辽宁锦州师专!辽宁锦州121000     

介绍一种保存昆虫标本的新方法

众所周知,昆虫纲是动物中种类最多的一纲,其种类约占动物全数的3／4,达一百万种以上,农林部门离不开研究昆虫,而研究昆虫就必须从研究昆虫标本开始。迄今为止,昆虫标本长期存放仍是一个难题。标本的触角与足易断,部分虫体柔弱的标本易破碎,并且几乎所有的标本都存在着易生霉生虫问题。为解决这些问题,有不少人研究用有机玻璃把标本包覆起来,但仍有许多缺点,如在浇注过程中,气味很大,有毒性,造成环境污染,操作人员不愿意操作温工序多,时间长,废品率高,若处理不当,制成的标本长时间放置后还会产生大量气泡,透明度降低,失…     

昆虫标本的制作

掌握好标本的制作方法,可以有效的保存标本的完整性,为研究昆虫学打好物质基础。制作昆虫标本的方法很多。以下介绍几种常用的方法。     

浅谈昆虫姿势标本的制作技巧

针对当前昆虫标本制作中存在的一些问题,提出昆虫标本制作在姿态上追求自然"神似",以生动吸引人;在内容上作到主题鲜明、内容丰富,以点带片地全方位展现昆虫的结构与特性,以内容感染人;在形式上,求新求变,针对不同种类的昆虫采用不同的制作方法.以趣味促教学.同时阐述并例证了相关的制作技巧.     

植物标本制作工艺的改良

用于教学的植物标本主要有浸液标本和腊叶标本。蜡叶标本在使用过程中破损严重,浸液标本囡其笨重的外形不适用于大范围的教学研究。现通过叶片含水量检测、植物种子超干实验等一系列对比实验,针对教学标本工艺进行改良,以册的形式,对标本进行整理归纳,形成适应普通教学的简易植物标本数据库。     

一种新型的昆虫标本标签卡

介绍了一种新型的昆虫标本标签卡,这种标签卡有5个优点:多个标签互不遮挡;标签上不会留下昆虫针的针孔;标签卡所占空间可调节;不同大小的标签可兼顾使用;成本低,易操作。     

不同保存条件下茧蜂标本基因组DNA的降解

探讨了不同保存条件下高温、氧化、化学修饰等对茧蜂标本基因组DNA降解的影响,提出用含50 mmol.L-1乙二胺四乙酸的无水乙醇保存室内寄生蜂标本,并在液面覆盖石蜡油等可行性建议。     

A new specimen of the thyreophoran dinosaur cf. Scelidosaurus with soft tissue preservation

A new specimen, comprising eight articulated caudal vertebrae in a cut slab of blue/grey carbonate mudstone, is comparable to the early thyreophoran dinosaur Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen from the English Lower Jurassic. Palynological analysis indicates that the specimen is probably late Hettangian–Sinemurian (Early Jurassic), but the exact horizon and locality remain uncertain. The slab has been cut longitudinally in a parasagittal plane along the vertebral series and exposes several articulated centra, haemal arches, neural arches and osteoderms. An envelope of preserved soft tissue wraps around the vertebrae and includes osteoderms with organic material on both the upper and lower surfaces. Basal thyreophoran dinosaur osteoderms were covered by a horny sheath during life.     

Strain improvement of fungal insecticides for controlling insect pests and vector-borne diseases

Insect pathogenic fungi play an important natural role in controlling insect pests. However, few have been successfully commercialized due to low virulence and sensitivity to abiotic stresses that produce inconsistent results in field applications. These limitations are inherent in most naturally occurring biological control agents but development of recombinant DNA techniques has made it possible to significantly improve the insecticidal efficacy of fungi and their tolerance to adverse conditions, including UV. These advances have been achieved by combining new knowledge derived from basic studies of the molecular biology of these pathogens, technical developments that enable very precise regulation of gene expression, and genes encoding insecticidal proteins from other organisms, particularly spiders and scorpions. Recent coverage of genomes is helping determine the identity, origin, and evolution of traits needed for diverse lifestyles and host switching. In future, such knowledge combined with the precision and malleability of molecular techniques will allow design of multiple pathogens with different strategies and host ranges to be used for different ecosystems, and that will avoid the possibility of the host developing resistance. With increasing public concern over the continued use of synthetic chemical insecticides, these new types of biological insecticides offer a range of environmental-friendly options for cost-effective control of insect pests.     

Flight style in bats as predicted from wing morphometry: the effects of specimen preservation

An as yet unconsidered potential error in studies that predict flight style from morphological measurements of bats is the effect of the specimen type employed. On the basis of the finding that morphological measurements taken from fluid-preserved bat specimens may not yield values equivalent to those taken from the live animal, we compared the values of several variables (lifting surface area, wingspan, mass, aspect ratio, wing loading and minimum power speed) for live and fluid-preserved little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus ) with the accepted standards for this species given by Norberg & Rayner (1987). Significant differences were detected for lifting surface area, wingspan, mass, aspect ratio and wing loading values taken from live bats and their respective values reported by Norberg & Rayner. Differences between preserved bats and Norberg & Rayner's numbers were limited to lifting surface area and wingspan (extended wing positions only), aspect ratio (all wing positions), and mass (both 70% ethanol- and 45% isopropyl alcohol-preserved specimens). Thus, Norberg & Rayner's values correspond most closely to values obtained from preserved museum specimens, a fact reflecting the source of their data in this instance. This and other limitations involved in attempting to predict the flight style of bats from a few morphological characters are discussed.     

The type specimen of Didymograptus murchisoni

D. murchisoni (Beck 1839), the types species of Didymograptus M'Coy, has been the subject of considerable confusion as a result of the extreme taxonomic splitting within the didymograptids. An attempt is made here to show the range of variation in this graptolite, based on the population on the original type slab, and to suggest ways in which studies on populations can lead to better understanding of the stratigraphic range of these Ordovician forms. Gruptolithina , Didymograptus murchisoni, taxonomy.