雄性不交换条件下F_2群体进行基因定位的计算方法

本文提出在雄性不交换条件下,在Ｆ２群体中进行基因定位的计算方法．     

雄性不交换条件下F2群体区间标记——QTL定位的相关方法（英文）

提出了雄性不交换条件下F2群体区间标记定位QTL的相关方法,并且对其适用的条件进行了讨论,通过对分子区间标记进行赋值,计算在无交叉干涉条件下分子标记与表型值的简单相关系数,并在此基础上进行连锁检验,在特定条件下可以估计数量性状座位（QTL）与分子标记座位间的连锁值。     

雄性不交换条件下F2群体高密度分子区间标记QTL的精确作图

提出雄性不交换条件下F2群体间标记定位QTL的相关方法,研究高密度分子标记存在强烈交叉干涉时,QTL的精确定位方法。     

人类混血群体连锁不平衡的遗传学模型与基因定位

人类混血群体可以说是混合群体的一种特例．在无选择、无突变、无限随机交配群体的假定前提下,研究了亲本群体的基因频率对混血群体及其衍生后代群体连锁不平衡结构的影响,导出了各群体连锁不平衡值的表达式,建立了一个估计基因间重组率的简便方法;同时, 采用估算分子标记与QTL之间连锁不平衡系数的统计分析方法,分析了人类混血群体及其衍生后代群体QTL检测与估计的关系,建立了该关系的系列理论公式．研究结果表明,本方法不仅适用于人类疾病(包括复杂遗传疾病)基因定位,而且适合于人类正常基因的定位,同时也适用于人类普通多基因性状的QTL分析．     

多基因疾病相关基因定位的研究策略

多基因疾病既是影响世界上多数人生命健康和生活质量的重要因素, 也是长期困惑广大科研人员的难题之一. 对多篇相关文献进行综合比较的结果说明: 研究样本、遗传标记的选择和遗传统计方法是多基因疾病研究中必须优先考虑的三个方面, 它直接决定了实验设计的可能性和结果的合理性. 其中, 样本的选择尤为重要, 不同群体的样本在多基因疾病相关基因定位的不同阶段所起的作用不同, 有的适合于疾病相关基因初步定位, 有的适合于精细定位和疾病的群体关联分析. 遗传标记的选择和遗传统计方法是由实验目的、样本特点和资料的完整情况等决定的. 对不同的统计结果应采 用适当的标准, 以排除假阳性.     

基于F—2群体的鸡重要生长性状遗传分析

采用F-2设计,以丝羽乌骨鸡(C系)为一亲本,分别与农大褐蛋鸡(B系),及法国明星肉鸡(A系)进行正反交,产生了包含A×C,C×A;B×C,C×B4个杂交组合的F2代群体,建立了可用于定位产肉及产蛋等性状QTL的资源群体.基于这一F-2群体,对体重及日增重等性状表型值进行分析,结果显示,亲本间均值差异显著,分离群体变异大,这组性状间有中等或较高的相关,各性状潜在的QTL座位数不超过10,所建资源家系能够满足QTL定位所需的样本数量,达到了预期的效果.     

利用杉木的F1代群体构建遗传连锁图谱

对于杉木 1∶1分离的分子标记位点 ,提出了一种新的构建遗传连锁图谱的策略。通过二点连锁分析 ,任意两个位点的连锁相和重组率可以得到推断和估计。对于一个连锁群中的最优排序 ,采用隐马尔可夫链模型的方法进行多位点的连锁分析。该作图方法比通常林木上所用的“拟测交”作图方法更有效。采用该作图策略 ,利用句容0号无性系 (♀ )×柔叶杉 (♂ )的F1代群体的AFLP分子标记数据重建了句容 0号无性系和柔叶杉的遗传连锁图谱。在句容 0号无性系的连锁图谱中 ,有 10 1个标记分布在 11个连锁群上 ,图谱的总长度为 2 2 82 6cM ,平均图距为 2 2 6cM ,单个连锁群上最多含有 17个标记 ,最少含有 5个标记 ;在柔叶杉的连锁图谱中 ,有 94个标记分布在 11个连锁群上 ,图谱的总长度为 2 5 6 5 8cM ,平均图距为 2 7 3cM ,单个连锁群上最多含有 16个标记 ,最少含有 4个标记。构建的句容 0号无性系和柔叶杉的遗传连锁图谱比原有的图谱分别增加了 2 6个标记和 2 8个标记 ,双亲的图谱共增加了 5 4个AFLP标记 ,使图谱上的分子标记总数达到 195个 ,双亲遗传图谱的跨度均超过了 2 0 0 0cM ,基本上达到了杉木基因组的长度 ,图谱的覆盖率接近于 10 0 %。利用新的作图方法可以较大提高分子标记在图谱上的分辨率 ,得到可认为是     

在雌不发生交换的鳞翅目类昆虫中使用F2群体作图显隐性分子标记连锁图谱的极大似然(ML)法

在鳞坡目昆虫中,雌性个体的减数分裂细胞不发生遗传重组。这类物种的杂效Ｆ２群体中杂合子基因型的与一般物种中雌雄个体的减数分裂细胞都发生遗传重组的Ｆ２群体杂合子表型不同,由于这个原因,作用这类物种的遗传连锁图谱通常中使用回交群体。但是,用回效群体傻所得的图谱是不完整的,因为图谱上所有的标记都是百轮回亲本提供的,因此 不会超过杂交Ｆ２各体的一半。另外,目前还没有任何方法和软件可以用杂效Ｆ２群体来作图鳞翅     

基于F2群体的香菇遗传图谱构建及其在QTL定位中的应用

以171个F2双核体菌株为作图群体,通过相互配对的2个单核体的基因型推断双核体基因型,构建了第一张基于双核体群体的香菇遗传图谱。该图谱包含分布于15个连锁群的459个标记,覆盖长度为989.7cM,平均标记间隔为2.2cM。此外,以此双核体群体作为表型分离群体,定位了6个与香菇双核体菌丝生长速度相关的QTLs,位于5个连锁群上。采用全同胞单核体随机交配策略,易于构建相对大的双核体群体,用于连锁图构建和QTL定位。研究表明,在食用菌连锁图谱构建及QTL定位研究中,利用F2群体,可能为提高遗传作图效率,解决作图群体与表型分离群体间不一致问题提供新的途径。     

人类GABARAPL2基因的染色体定位

为了确定人类GABAA受体相关蛋白相似蛋白2基因在染色体上的位置,根据该基因cDNA的3′非翻译区序列设计一对RH定位引物,以人／鼠体细胞腹辐杂种板Genebridge4(GB4)panel和G3panel试剂盒中的杂种细胞株基因组DNA为模板,在一定的条件下进行PCR扩,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果分别插入Sanger和Stanford网站的RH定位分析系统进行统计学分析。结果PCR法在一些杂种细胞株中扩增出特异的目的片段,并经测序验证了其准确性。凝胶电泳结果在Sanger网站统计分析表明该基因与16号染色体上的AFM340ye5,AFM292xh5,AFM320wf1,AFMa066xd5,AFM249xc5位标紧密连锁;在Stanford网站统计分析表明该基因片与16号染色体上的SHGC－1457,SHGC－53415,SHGC－6782,SHGC－2228,SHGC－14629位标紧密连锁,LOD值均大于3。整合分析该染色体区带的物理图、遗传图及细胞图谱后,最终将基因定位在染色体16q22.3区带的D16s3016和D16s515位标之间。结论放射杂交定位法是一种新颖便捷的基因定位的方法,通过此法成功地进行了人类GABAA受体相关蛋白相似蛋白2基因的定位。     

Life Cycle Analysis of Kidney Gene Expression in Male F344 Rats

Age is a predisposing condition for susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and progression as well as acute kidney injury that may arise due to the adverse effects of some drugs. Age-related differences in kidney biology, therefore, are a key concern in understanding drug safety and disease progression. We hypothesize that the underlying suite of genes expressed in the kidney at various life cycle stages will impact susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Therefore, establishing changes in baseline expression data between these life stages is the first and necessary step in evaluating this hypothesis. Untreated male F344 rats were sacrificed at 2, 5, 6, 8, 15, 21, 78, and 104 weeks of age. Kidneys were collected for histology and gene expression analysis. Agilent whole-genome rat microarrays were used to query global expression profiles. An ANOVA (p<0.01) coupled with a fold-change>1.5 in relative mRNA expression, was used to identify 3,724 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Principal component analyses of these DEGs revealed three major divisions in life-cycle renal gene expression. K-means cluster analysis identified several groups of genes that shared age-specific patterns of expression. Pathway analysis of these gene groups revealed age-specific gene networks and functions related to renal function and aging, including extracellular matrix turnover, immune cell response, and renal tubular injury. Large age-related changes in expression were also demonstrated for the genes that code for qualified renal injury biomarkers KIM-1, Clu, and Tff3. These results suggest specific groups of genes that may underlie age-specific susceptibilities to adverse drug reactions and disease. This analysis of the basal gene expression patterns of renal genes throughout the life cycle of the rat will improve the use of current and future renal biomarkers and inform our assessments of kidney injury and disease.     

非平衡群体基因变异测量的Shannon信息量方法

在Shannon信息量的基础上,对非平衡群体建立了群体基因型相对信息量S′（G）,纯合体相对信息量S′J（G）、杂合体相对信息量S′H（G）的概念,并赋予它们以遗传学意义,与基因一致度J和基因多样度D进行了理论比较,结果表明,二者在数量规律上有很好的一致性,但又是相对独立的指标体系,且各相对信息量还有新的内涵。S′（G）既能表征基因变异,又能反映基因型水平上的遗传变异,S′J（G）主要反映纯合体的遗传变异,S′H（G）主要反映杂合体的遗传变异,各相对信息量既可反映群体的遗传变异程度,又能比较不同位点间的遗传变异程度。     

Genetic Analysis of IL-17 Gene Polymorphisms in Gout in a Male Chinese Han Population

Interleukin (IL)-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by activated T helper 17 cells and involved in inflammatory immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the association between IL-17 variants as well as serum IL-17 levels with gout in male Chinese Han individuals. A total of 1,101 male gout patients and 1,239 ethic-matched controls were enrolled. Genetic distributions of three variants (rs2275913 in IL-17A, rs763780 in IL-17F, and rs4819554 in IL-17RA) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the Taqman probe method. The plasma concentrations of IL-17A and IL-17F were measured in 228 gout patients and 198 controls that came from above samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No significant differences were observed in the genetic distribution of these polymorphisms between cases and controls (rs2275913: χ² = 0.15, p = 0.928 by genotype, χ² = 0.14, p = 0.711 by allele; rs763780: χ² = 2.24, p = 0.326 by genotype, χ² = 0.26, p = 0.609 by allele; rs4819554: χ² = 1.79, p = 0.409 by genotype, χ² = 1.46, p = 0.227 by allele). Levels of serum IL-17A and IL-17F were significantly decreased in gout patients (both p<0.001). However, no difference was observed in acute gout patients between different genotypic carriers of rs2275913 and rs763780 regarding serum IL-17A and IL-17F levels (p>0.05). Although the genetic variants in IL-17 we studied in this research do not appear to be involved in the development of gout in male Chinese Han individuals, the IL-17 cytokine family may participate in gouty inflammation in an undefined way, which requires further validation.     

放射诱导基因FHL2在人群中表达水平的检测

目的：分析FHL2基因在健康人群个体间表达的差异,评估FHL2作为一种新的辐射生物剂量计的可行性。方法：收集20例健康人血液样本,提取白细胞RNA进行反转录,以β-actin作为内参,利用实时定量PCR方法,检测人群中FHL2基因相对表达水平,并分析其差异。结果：FHL2和β-actin基因的实时定量PCR熔解曲线均为单峰,所得到的Ct值与相应的PCR产物呈良好的线性关系;20例血液标本中FHL2表达水平之间存在较大差异,且其表达水平与性别无关。结论：公认的放射诱导基因FHL2可能不适合作为辐射生物剂量计。     

The Interplay between Natural Selection and Susceptibility to Melanoma on Allele 374F of SLC45A2 Gene in a South European Population

We aimed to study the selective pressures interacting on SLC45A2 to investigate the interplay between selection and susceptibility to disease. Thus, we enrolled 500 volunteers from a geographically limited population (Basques from the North of Spain) and by resequencing the whole coding region and intron 5 of the 34 most and the 34 least pigmented individuals according to the reflectance distribution, we observed that the polymorphism Leu374Phe (L374F, rs16891982) was statistically associated with skin color variability within this sample. In particular, allele 374F was significantly more frequent among the individuals with lighter skin. Further genotyping an independent set of 558 individuals of a geographically wider population with known ancestry in the Spanish population also revealed that the frequency of L374F was significantly correlated with the incident UV radiation intensity. Selection tests suggest that allele 374F is being positively selected in South Europeans, thus indicating that depigmentation is an adaptive process. Interestingly, by genotyping 119 melanoma samples, we show that this variant is also associated with an increased susceptibility to melanoma in our populations. The ultimate driving force for this adaptation is unknown, but it is compatible with the vitamin D hypothesis. This shows that molecular evolution analysis can be used as a useful technology to predict phenotypic and biomedical consequences in humans.     

三点自交法和两点最大似然法构建水稻F2群体分子标记连锁图谱的比较

根据连锁遗传的原理,列出了三点自交法和两点自交最大似然(ML)法估算显性标记遗传距离的具体步骤和算法,将水稻F2群体含香味基因Aro及其连锁的RFLP数据转变为显性标记数据后,用上述两种方法构建的连锁图谱与用MAPMAKER软件计算共显性数据得到的图谱排序相同、标记间距离相近．但是标记数据存在较大程度偏分离时,由三点自交法构建的图谱中标记间图距有增大趋势．作者为提高作图精确性,简化计算过程,讨论了三点自交法对估算重组值的影响及其在分子标记作图中的应用价值,并建议将共显性标记转变为显性标记时进行两次自交ML法估算。     

Restriction Analysis of N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene in Caucasian Population of West Siberia

Restriction analysis of the NAT2 gene was carried out in inhabitants of Novosibirsk. Polymorphism of this gene for nine known point mutations was studied in a sample of Novosibirsk residents consisting of 109 healthy Caucasians. The frequencies of these mutations did not significantly differ from the frequencies reported for Caucasian populations of other countries. In 79 patients with lung cancer, a region of the NAT2 gene that includes 29.7% of the coding sequence was analyzed for the new mutations by the RFLP analysis. No new mutations were found in this group.