凤尾蕨属配子体若干系统学特征新考

通过对凤尾蕨属(Pteris L.)8种,即半边旗(P.semipinnata L.)、傅氏凤尾蕨(P.fauriei Hieron.)、阔叶凤尾蕨(P.esquirolii Christ)、三叉凤尾蕨(P.tripartita Sw.)、蜈蚣草(P.vittata L.)、溪边凤尾蕨(P.excelsa Gaud.)、有刺凤尾蕨(P.setuloso-costulata Hayata)、西南凤尾蕨(P.wallichiana Agardh)孢子的人工培养,观察并总结了该属配子体发育各阶段形态特征,并与以往的观察结果进行比较.最终选取孢子萌发型与配子体发育类型等稳定特征作为判断依据,讨论该属与书带蕨科(Vittariaceae)、中国蕨科(Sinopteridaceae)、铁线蕨科(Adiantaceae)等科的亲缘关系.研究认为蕨类配子体生长点上方边缘细胞分布情况多变,不是稳定的系统学特征.而配子体特定部位边缘细胞的外侧壁形态则具有较高的系统学参考价值.     

云南被子植物8个省级分布新记录种北大核心CSCD

首次报道了云南省被子植物的8个省级分布新记录种,分别为三白草科的白苞裸蒴(Gymnotheca involucrata C.Pei)、金虎尾科的花江盾翅藤(Aspidopterys esquirolii H.Lév.)、豆科的柱序杭子梢(Campylotropis teretiracemosa P.C.Li&C.J.Chen)、石竹科的四川卷耳(Cerastium szechuense F.N.Williams)、报春花科的齿萼报春[Primula odontocalyx(Franch.)Pax],苦苣苔科的白花大苞苣苔[Anna ophiorrhizoides(Hemsl.)B.L.Burtt&R.A.Davidson]、唇形科的石荠苎[Mosla scabra(Thunb.)C.Y.Wu&H.W.Li]和菊科的华漏芦[Rhaponticum chinense(S.Moore)L.Martins&Hidalgo];凭证标本保存于云南大学植物标本馆(YUKU)。     

球针壳属一新种和一新组合

本文报道了球针壳属(Phyllactinia)的一个新种和一个新组合,即寄生于杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)吊钟花属(ENkianthus)灯笼花(E.chinensis Franch)上的灯笼花球针壳(Phyllactiniaenkianthi z.y. zhao sp. nov.)和寄生于茶藨子科(Grossulariaceae)茶藨子(Ribes sp.)上的茶藨子球针壳(Phyllactinia ribesii(Jacz.)z. y. zhao comb. nov.)。上述新分类单位均有汉文和拉丁文描述,新分类单位与近似种有汉文讨论。     

中国种子植物省级分布新记录(一)

报导了凤仙花科、十字花科、豆科、桑科、葡萄科、冬青科和兰科共15种2变种植物在我国4个省区的分布新记录.其中四川分布新记录有槽茎凤仙花(Impatiens sulcata Wall.)、总状凤仙花(Impatiensracemosa DC.)和云南甘草(Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis Cheng f.et L.K.Dai ex P.C.Li.);湖南分布新记录有管茎凤仙花(Impatiens tubulosa Hemsl.)、瑶山凤仙花(Impatiens macrovexilla var.yaoshanensis S.X.Yu,Y.L.Chen&H.N.Qin,)、山地凤仙花(Impatiens monticoia Hook.f.)、日本山嵛菜(Eutrema tenue Makino)、昌化泡果荠(Hilliella changhuaensis Y.H.Zhang)、糙毛假地豆(Desmodium heterocarpon(Linn)DC.)、少脉爬藤榕(Ficussarmentosa Buch.-Ham.ex J.E.SM.var.thunbergii(Maxim.)Corner)、掌裂...     

甘肃省被子植物分布新记录

报道了甘肃省分布的玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)水茫草属(Limosella Linn.)1个新记录属,以及玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)、木兰科(Magnoliaceae)、蓼科(Polygonaceae)、胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae)、百合科(Liliaceae)5个新记录种——水茫草(Limosella aquatica Linn.)、峨眉含笑(Michelia wilsonii Finet et Gagnep.)、叉分蓼(Polygonum divaricatum L.)、棱果沙棘(Hippophae goniocarpa Y.S.Lian et al.ex SwensonBartish)、青海黄精(Polygontum qinghaiense Z.L.Wu et Y.C.Yang)。其中,峨眉含笑是国家二级重点保护野生植物。     

应用典范对应分析探讨长白山金发藓科植物的生态位分化

应用典范对应分析(Canonical Co rrespondence Analysis, CCA)对长白山主要生态系统30个样点中的13种金发藓科植物分布与环境因子间的关系进行了研究。发现在长白山地区,金发藓科植物在海拔高度、土壤含砂量、含水量、酸度、光照条件等资源维上存在明显的生态分化现象。13种金发藓科植物中,球蒴金发藓(Polytrichum sphaerothecium(Besch.)C.Mull.、高山异发藓短叶变种(Polytrichastrum alpinum var. brevifolium(R.Br.)Brid.)在海拔上,拟异发藓(Polytrichastrum formosum(Hedw.)G.L.Smith)、变形异发藓(Polytrichastrum dicipensLimpr.)、毛尖金发藓(Polytrichum piliferum Schred.ex Hedw.)、桧叶金发藓(Polytrichum juniperinum Willd.ex Hedw.)在光照上以及大金发藓(Polytrichum commune Hedw.)、直叶金发藓(Polytrichum juniperinum ssp. strictum(Brid.)Nhy.&Sael.)在土壤酸度与水分上的生态要求比较接近。     

女贞苦丁茶挥发油成分分析

苦丁茶是我国南方各民族长期饮用的茶代用品之一,其基原植物种类较多,据调查苦丁茶原植物有9科15种植物,其中木犀科(Oleaceae)女贞属(Ligustrum L.)有粗壮女贞[L. robustum (Roxb.) Bl.]、紫茎女贞(L. purpurascens Y.C.Yang)、序梗女贞(L. pedunculare Rehd)、日本毛女贞(L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubescens Koidz.)等[1～8].     

卫矛科中的倍半萜成分

卫矛科(Colastraceae)植物在我国分布较广,其中一些种为巾草药所用,很多种民间常作为天然杀虫药。最近,我们从4种卫矛科植物大芽南蛇藤(C. gemmatus Loesen.)、灯油藤(C. paniculatus Willd.)、少果南蛇藤(C. rosthornianus Loesen.)和白杜(E. bungeanus Maxim.)的根皮或其种子中分离得30多个倍半萜化学成分。     

堇菜科三角车属(Rinorea)及鳞隔堇属(Scyphellandra)植物修订

对堇菜科三角车属(Rinorea Aubl.)及鳞隔堇属(Scyphellandra Thw.)的部分种类进行了修订, 认为鳞隔堇(Scyphellandra pierrei H.de Boiss.)实为(Scyphellandra virgata Thw.), 而短柄三角车(Rinorea sessilis (Lour.)O.Ktze.)实为(Rinorea longiraumosa (Kurz.)Craib)。文中引用邱园(Kew)的标本已在其后注明, 未注明者均藏于华南植物所标本馆(IBSC)     

霜霉属二新种

本文报道霜霉属(Peronospora)新种二个:即寄生在石竹科植物异叶假繁缕(Pseudo stellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax.)上的假繁缕霜霉(P.pseudostellariae G. Y. Yin et Z.S.Yang)和寄生在荨麻科植物藪苧麻(Boehmeria japonica Miq.)上的苧麻霜霉(P.boehmeriae G.Y.Yin et Z.S.Yang)。文中有拉丁文及中文描述。标本保存于南京农业大学真菌标本室和中国科学院微生物所真菌标本室。     

Truffle trouble: what happened to the Tuberales?

An overview of truffles (now considered to belong in the Pezizales, but formerly treated in the Tuberales) is presented, including a discussion on morphological and biological traits characterizing this form group. Accepted genera are listed and discussed according to a system based on molecular results combined with morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA sequences from 55 hypogeous and 139 epigeous taxa of Pezizales were performed to examine their relationships. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses of these sequences indicate that the truffles studied represent at least 15 independent lineages within the Pezizales. Sequences from hypogeous representatives referred to the following families and genera were analysed: Discinaceae–Morchellaceae (Fischerula, Hydnotrya, Leucangium), Helvellaceae (Balsamia and Barssia), Pezizaceae (Amylascus, Cazia, Eremiomyces, Hydnotryopsis, Kaliharituber, Mattirolomyces, Pachyphloeus, Peziza, Ruhlandiella, Stephensia, Terfezia, and Tirmania), Pyronemataceae (Genea, Geopora, Paurocotylis, and Stephensia) and Tuberaceae (Choiromyces, Dingleya, Labyrinthomyces, Reddellomyces, and Tuber). The different types of hypogeous ascomata were found within most major evolutionary lines often nesting close to apothecial species. Although the Pezizaceae traditionally have been defined mainly on the presence of amyloid reactions of the ascus wall several truffles appear to have lost this character. The value of the number of nuclei in mature ascospores as a delimiting family character is evaluated and found to be more variable than generally assumed.     

The rust fungi (Uredinales) on ferns in South Africa

The rust fungi (Uredinales, basidiomycota) occuring on ferns (Pteridophyta) in South Africa are described, illustrated and keyed out. All species belong to the pucciniastraceous genera Milesina (M. blechni), Uredinopsis (U. pteridis) or to the related uredinial anamorph genus Milesia (M. nervisequa, M. cf. magellanica, M. silvae-knysnae). Milesia silvae-knysnae on Polystichum pungens is new to science; it probably belongs to the teleomorph genus Milesina. Milesina blechni is reported from South Africa for the first time on the new hosts Blechnum punctulatum and Rumohra adiantoides; it has hitherto been known only from the Northern Hemisphere on Blechnum spicant. Rust specimens collected on Asplenium aethiopicum and A. rutifolium were tentatively assigned to Milesia magellanica which has been known so far only from southern Chile. Hyalopsora neocheilanthis, Milesina neoexigua and M. neovogesiaca are proposed as new names for Hyalopsora cheilanthis, Milesia exigua and M. vogesiaca. It is discussed that the pucciniastraceous fern rusts could have reached South Africa either by migration (M. blechni) or by long-distance air dispersal. In the absence of their gametophyte hosts, species of Abies (Pinaceae), the rusts have to propagate in South Africa by urediniospores infecting fern to fern. Taxonomical novelties Milesia silvae-knysnae R. Berndt Milesina neoexigua R. Berndt Milesina neovogesiaca R. Berndt Hyalopsora neocheilanthis R. Berndt     

Heterostyly in species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) andHugonia (Linaceae) and other disputed cases

The hypothesis ofHenriques andFernandes that several Iberian species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) are tristylous is reconsidered. Contrary to the opinion ofBateman and most subsequent authors, we believe that the available evidence indicates that some populations ofN. triandrus andN. fernandesii, at least, are tristylous; other populations ofN. triandrus are distylous.Hugonia cf.penicillanthemum (Linaceae) from new Caledonia is distylous, but it remains possible that other species ofHugonia are tristylous. The disputed occurrence of heterostyly in S. African species ofBauhinia (Leguminosae),Cleome (Capparaceae) andAneilema (Commelinaceae), and inAgelaea (Connaraceae) is discussed.     

Fruit infesting tephritids [Dipt.: Tephritidae] and associated parasitoids in Chiapas,Mexico

A total of 1,302 parasitoids representing 8 species and 4 families were recovered from 9,818 fruit fly host fruits sampled. The most common parasitoid species wasDiachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). Average percent parasitism ranged between 0.44 and 29.23%. Parasitoid emergence data indicate thatAnastrepha ludens (Loew),A. obliqua (Sein),A. serpentina (Wiedeman),A. striata (Schiner) andToxotrypana curvicauda (Gerstaecker) were subject to parasitism. We provide information on the population fluctuation ofAnastrepha ludens, A. obliqua, A. serpentina, A. distincta (Greene),A. striata, A. fraterculus (Wiedeman),A. chiclayae (Greene),A. montei (Costa Lima),A. leptozona (Hendel) andA. tripunctata (Wulp).Anastrepha ludens andA. obliqua were the most common species, representing 95.3% of all fruit fly species caught in McPhail traps.      

A reconsideration of the genusRabdosiella (Lamiaceae,Nepetoideae, Ocimeae)

The two generaPlectranthus andIsodon are compared and found to be very dissimilar.Isodon ist considered to be misplaced inOcimeae subtribePlectranthinae and apparently is more closely related to subtribeHyptidinae. The disjunct genusRabdosiella is compared to these two genera and regarded to be polyphyletic. The AfricanR. calycina (Benth.)Codd is returned toPlectranthus and calledP. calycinus Benth., while the AsianR. ternifolia (D. Don)Codd is placed inIsodon sect.Pyramidium and calledI. ternifolius (D. Don)Kudo.     

A phylogenetic analysis of the lichen familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales); a new generic classification and notes on character evolution

A phylogenetic analysis of the familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales, lichenized ascomycetes) has resulted in a new generic classification. Notes on character evolution are given. The generaSphaerophorus s. str.,Bunodophoron andLeifidium, gen. nov., are accepted.Pleurocybe andPseudosphaerophorus are considered synonyms ofBunodophoron andThysanophoron is considered synonym toSphaerophorus. The following new combinations are proposed:Bunodophoron coomerense (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. diplotypum (Vain.)Wedin,B. dodgei (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. flaccidum (Kantvilas & Wedin)Wedin,B. formosanum (Zahlbr.)Wedin,B. imshaugii (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. insigne (Laurer)Wedin,B. kinabaluense (M. Satô)Wedin,B. macrocarpum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. madagascareum (Nyl.)Wedin,B. microsporum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. murrayi (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. notatum (Tibell)Wedin,B. ohlssonii (Wedin)Wedin,B. patagonicum (C. W. Dodge)Wedin,B. ramuliferum (I. M. Lamb)Wedin,B. scrobiculatum (C. Bab.)Wedin,B. tibellii (Wedin)Wedin,B. whakapapaense (Wedin)Wedin, andLeifidium tenerum (Laurer)Wedin.     

Characterization of SLFL1, a pollen-expressed F-box gene located in the Prunus S locus

The S locus and its flanking regions in the genus Prunus (Rosaceae) contain four pollen-expressed F-box genes. These genes contain the S locus F-box genes with low allelic sequence polymorphism genes 1, 2, and 3 (SLFL1, SLFL2, and SLFL3) as well as the putative pollen S gene, named the S haplotype-specific F-box protein gene (SFB). As much less information is available on the function of SLFLs than that of SFB, we analyzed the SLFLs of six S haplotypes of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in this study. Genomic DNA blot analysis and the isolation of SLFL1 showed that the SLFL1 gene in a functional self-incompatible S ³ haplotype is deleted and only a partial sequence resembling SLFL1 is left in the S ³ locus region, suggesting that SLFL1 by itself is not directly involved in either the GSI reaction or pollen-tube growth. Genomic DNA blot analysis showed that there was no substantial modification or mutation in SLFL2 and SLFL3. A phylogenic analysis of F-box genes in the rosaceous S locus and its border regions showed that Prunus SLFLs were more closely related to maloid S locus F-box brothers than to Prunus SFBs. The functions of SLFLs and the evolution of self-incompatibility in Prunus are discussed based on these results. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers, AB360339, AB360340, AB360341, and AB360342, for SLFL1-S ¹ , SLFL1-S ² , SLFL1-S ⁵ , and SLFL1-S ⁶ , respectively.     

Impact of flowering buckwheat on Lepidopteran cabbage pests and their parasitoids at two spatial scales

We assessed the potential of annual buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, to lead to improved parasitism of lepidopteran cabbage pests over four years. Pest, parasitism, and hyperparasitism rates were monitored in replicated cabbage plots (12 × 20 m) with or without 3 m wide buckwheat borders from 2000 to 2003. Floral borders did not significantly increase egg, larval, or pupal densities of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), or diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Buckwheat increased parasitism rates by Voria ruralis (Fallen) on T. ni larvae and Cotesia rubecula (Marshall) on P. rapaelarvae over four years. Parasitism by Diadegma insulare (Cresson) on P. xylostella larvae was higher in buckwheat than control plots in the first year, and parasitism by Euplectrus plathypenae (Howard) on T. ni larvae was lower in buckwheat than control plots in the second year. The hyperparasitoid Conura side (Walker) attacked D. insulare all four years, but buckwheat did not affect hyperparasitism rates. The effect of spatial scale on pest densities and parasitism in 2001 was evaluated by comparing plots separated at least 67 m (nearby) versus 800 m apart (isolated). T. ni pupae and P. rapae eggs and pupae were more abundant in plots in closer proximity, whereas P. xylostella densities did not vary by the spatial separation of plots. Tachinids and Pteromalus puparum (L.) attacked more P. rapae in nearby plots. E. plathypenae responded to the treatment × scale interaction, parasitizing more in control than buckwheat when plots were isolated but not when plots were nearby.     

Phylogeny and Megasystematics of Phagotrophic Heterokonts (Kingdom Chromista)

Heterokonts are evolutionarily important as the most nutritionally diverse eukaryote supergroup and the most species-rich branch of the eukaryotic kingdom Chromista. Ancestrally photosynthetic/phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs), they include several ecologically important purely heterotrophic lineages, all grossly understudied phylogenetically and of uncertain relationships. We sequenced 18S rRNA genes from 14 phagotrophic non-photosynthetic heterokonts and a probable Ochromonas, performed phylogenetic analysis of 210–430 Heterokonta, and revised higher classification of Heterokonta and its three phyla: the predominantly photosynthetic Ochrophyta; the non-photosynthetic Pseudofungi; and Bigyra (now comprising subphyla Opalozoa, Bicoecia, Sagenista). The deepest heterokont divergence is apparently between Bigyra, as revised here, and Ochrophyta/Pseudofungi. We found a third universal heterokont signature sequence, and deduce three independent losses of ciliary hairs, several of 1-2 cilia, 10 of photosynthesis, but perhaps only two plastid losses. In Ochrophyta, heterotrophic Oikomonas is sister to the photosynthetic Chrysamoeba, whilst the abundant freshwater predator Spumella is biphyletic; neither clade is specifically related to Paraphysomonas, indicating four losses of photosynthesis by chrysomonads. Sister to Chrysomonadea (Chrysophyceae) is Picophagea cl. nov. (Picophagus, Chlamydomyxa). The diatom-parasite Pirsonia belongs in Pseudofungi. Heliozoan-like actinophryids (e.g. Actinosphaerium) are Opalozoa, not related to pedinellids within Hypogyristea cl. nov. of Ochrophyta as once thought. The zooflagellate class Bicoecea (perhaps the ancestral phenotype of Bigyra) is unexpectedly diverse and a major focus of our study. We describe four new biciliate bicoecean genera and five new species: Nerada mexicana, Labromonas fenchelii (=Pseudobodo tremulans sensu Fenchel), Boroka karpovii (=P. tremulans sensu Karpov), Anoeca atlantica and Cafeteria mylnikovii; several cultures were previously misidentified as Pseudobodo tremulans. Nerada and the uniciliate Paramonas are related to Siluania and Adriamonas; this clade (Pseudodendromonadales emend.) is probably sister to Bicosoeca. Genetically diverse Caecitellus is probably related to Anoeca, Symbiomonas and Cafeteria (collectively Anoecales emend.). Boroka is sister to Pseudodendromonadales/Bicoecales/Anoecales. Placidiales are probably divergent bicoeceans (the GenBank Placidia sequence is a basidiomycete/heterokont chimaera). Two GenBank ‘opalinid’ sequences are fungal; Pseudopirsonia is cercozoan; two previous GenBank ‘Caecitellus’ sequences are Adriamonas. Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users. [Reviewing Editior: Patnck J. Keeling]