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为探究水体全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)污染对鱼类爆发游泳及其代谢恢复能力的影响, 将中华倒刺鲃幼鱼(Spinibarbus sinensis)暴露在不同浓度(0、0.32、0.8、2和5 mg/L)PFOS后, 测定PFOS暴露对其静止代谢率(RMR)、爆发游泳速度(Uburst)以及运动力竭后代谢恢复特征的影响。结果发现, 暴露浓度对实验鱼的Uburst和相对爆发游泳速度(rUburst)均影响显著(P<0.05), 5 mg/L PFOS暴露导致Uburst和rUburst分别下降了17.4%和10.8%, PFOS对rUburst的影响表现出“非单调剂量效应”; 暴露浓度对实验鱼的RMR影响显著(P<0.05), 5 mg/L PFOS暴露导致RMR显著升高, 但PFOS对运动后代谢峰值(MMR)、代谢率增量(MS)、代谢变化倍率(F-MS)、力竭运动后过量氧耗(EPOC)无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究结果提示: PFOS污染改变实验鱼能量代谢水平的下限, 而对其代谢水平的上限无明显的限制性作用; PFOS污染将可能对鱼类捕食——逃避捕食者、穿越激流寻找适宜生境等生存关联的生命活动起到负面影响, 但对无氧代谢关联的代谢恢复能力无显著的生态毒理效应。 相似文献
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在自然界中,环境变化、季节更替和人为因素造成食物资源时空分布的不均一性,导致鱼类经常面临食物资源短缺的环境胁迫,对其能量代谢和行为造成一定影响。为考察食物资源短缺下暖水性鲤科鱼类能量代谢、个性与集群行为的应对策略及其可能的内在关联,选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象,分别测定饥饿组(2周)和对照组(维持日粮)在处理前后实验鱼的标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate,SMR)、个性行为(勇敢性、探索性和活跃性)以及实验处理后的集群行为(凝聚力和协调性)。研究发现:(1)饥饿组和对照组实验过程中实验鱼SMR均显著下降,但仅饥饿组实验鱼SMR具有重复性;(2)饥饿导致中华倒刺鲃幼鱼勇敢性、探索性、活跃性均显著增加;(3)饥饿导致群体成员间距离缩短,游泳速度及其同步性上升。研究表明:饥饿后的中华倒刺鲃不仅适应性降低SMR以减少能量消耗,而且呈现出更高的勇敢性、探索性和活跃性以利于获取食物资源;饥饿迫使中华倒刺鲃群体提高凝聚力和协调性,可能有助于提高群体的生存能力。 相似文献
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驯化有益假说(Beneficial acclimation hypothesis)认为生物表型的适应性变化会增强其在诱导这些变化产生的环境中的生理机能或适合度。然而,由于动物不同生理生态性能对环境驯化的响应可能不一致,那么,测试表型性状的选择对驯化有益假说的验证就尤为关键。为此,整合表征动物生存适合度的不同生理生态性能并探究其对环境驯化的响应模式就十分必要。以我国长江中上游广泛分布的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为对象,考察了驯化温度(18℃、28℃)和测试温度(18℃、28℃)及其交互作用对该物种有氧运动能力和无氧运动能力的影响,为驯化有益假说等相关假说的验证提供参考。研究发现,中华倒刺鲃不同生理生态性能对温度驯化的响应存在差异:(1)驯化温度对表征中华倒刺鲃无氧运动能力的快速启动游泳无显著影响(除最大加速度外)(P>0.05),研究数据倾向于支持无益假说(No-advantage hypothesis);(2)驯化温度对表征中华倒刺鲃有氧运动能力的临界游泳速度(Critical swimming speed,Ucrit)和最大代谢率(Maximum metabolic rate, MMR)影响显著(P<0.05),18℃驯化-18℃测试下的Ucrit和MMR均优于28℃驯化-18℃测试下的Ucrit和MMR,结果部分支持驯化有益假说和冷有益假说(Cooler is better hypothesis);(3)驯化温度、测试温度、游泳速度对中华倒刺鲃的运动代谢率(Active metabolic rate,MO2)和单位距离能量消耗(The energetic cost of transport, COT)影响显著(P<0.05)。值得关注的是,当游泳速度小于30 cm/s时,驯化温度对MO2和COT无影响,结果支持无益假说;而当游泳速度大于30 cm/s时,在特定的流速下经过28℃驯化的中华倒刺鲃无论在28℃还是18℃的测试环境下MO2和COT均较低,结果倾向于支持热有益假说(Warmer is better hypothesis)。研究结果提示:驯化有益假说并不具有普遍性,热驯化相关假说的验证不仅受表型性状选择的影响,而且还与测试的环境选择压力有关。 相似文献
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光倒刺鲃、中华倒刺鲃和倒刺鲃氨基酸成分和微量元素的测定 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对光倒刺鲃,中华倒刺鲃和倒刺鲃18种氨基酸和8种微量元素进行了分析,结果表明:这三种鱼是营养价值很高、滋味很鲜美的鱼类。并且,根据结果氨基酸组成比例,可为该鱼的人工饲养等方面的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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在(25 1)℃条件下, 以鳊鱼(Parabramis pekinensis)[体重(4.70 0.11)g, n=32]、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)[体重(3.26 0.06)g, n=32]幼鱼为研究对象, 采用鱼类游泳代谢测定仪在水体溶氧为8、4、2、1 mgO2/L条件下分别测定其临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和游泳代谢率(MO2), 并计算出静止代谢率(MO2rest)、最大游泳代谢率(MO2max)、代谢范围(MS)及单位位移能耗(COT)等相关参数。结果显示, 随着溶氧水平的下降, 鳊鱼、中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的Ucrit均逐渐下降, 除中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的值在4与8 mgO2/L下没有显著性差异外, 其他各组均差异显著(P0.05); 在同一溶氧水平下的中华倒刺鲃Ucrit显著大于鳊鱼(P0.05)。两种鱼的MO2max和MS均随DO的下降而显著下降, 但MO2rest在溶氧水平低于1 mgO2/L才显著下降(P0.05)。研究还发现鳊鱼、中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的MO2在同一游泳速度下随溶氧水平下降而降低, 而在相同溶氧水平下随游泳速度的上升而显著升高(P0.05); COT随游泳速度上升而显著降低(P0.05), 但在高游泳速度下相对稳定, 在同一游泳速度下随着DO的下降有所减小。中华倒刺鲃的COT整体上小于鳊鱼, 且在低游泳速度下差异更大。87.5%(1-8 mgO2/L)溶氧水平的下降导致两种鱼类相似的Ucrit变化(53% vs. 50%), 但溶氧水平由8降到4 mgO2/L时, 鳊鱼32%MO2max的下降导致Ucrit下降13%, 但同样的溶氧水平下降虽然导致中华倒刺鲃的MO2max下降20%, 但由于MO2rest和COT的下降, 其Ucrit并没有显著的变化。实验结果表明: 不同溶氧水平对不同鱼种游泳能力的影响存在差异, 这种差异与其代谢对策密切相关。 相似文献
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为了探讨鱼类能量代谢特征个体变异及其生态关联, 以中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象, 在25℃条件下测定44尾实验鱼的静止代谢率(Resting metabolic rate, RMR)、力竭运动后峰值代谢率(Peak metabolic rate, PMR)、力竭运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC)、低氧胁迫后峰值代谢率PMR和低氧胁迫后过量耗氧(Excess post-hypoxia oxygen consumption, EPHOC)。研究发现, 中华倒刺鲃能量代谢特征参数存在较大个体差异, RMR、力竭运动后PMR、EPOC、低氧胁迫后PMR和EPHOC分别为193.62—460.33 [mg O2/(kg·h)]、617.9—2165.02 [mg O2/(kg·h)]、28.76—267.20 mg O2/kg、484.3—1142.97 [mg O2/(kg·h)]和30.27—211.88 mg O2/kg。力竭运动后PMR(r=0.348, P=0.010)和低氧胁迫后PMR(r=0.449, P=0.002)与RMR间均呈显著正相关; EPOC与RMR间呈显著负相关(r=–0.426, P=0.004), 而EPHOC与RMR间的关系不显著(r=–0.292, P=0.054); 力竭运动后PMR与EPOC间(r=0.424, P=0.004)和低氧胁迫后PMR与EPHOC间(r=0.391, P=0.009)均呈显著正相关。力竭运动后PMR与低氧胁迫后PMR(r=0.673, P<0.001)和EPOC与EPHOC(r=0.526, P<0.001)在个体差异均显著正相关; 然而力竭运动后PMR和EPOC分别显著高于低氧胁迫后PMR与EPHOC(P<0.05)。研究表明: 维持代谢较高的中华倒刺鲃个体有助于其快速提升有氧功率输出以维持高的游泳运动能力; 而较低维持代谢个体具有相对较高的EPHOC有助于机体在极端环境条件下提升其低氧耐受能力。中华倒刺鲃能量特征的个体变异可能是经长期自然选择适应环境的结果。 相似文献
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鱼类个体因社会原因而聚集成群现象称作为鱼类群体行为,受到多种因素(如环境类型和能量代谢等)的影响。为考察代谢表型和环境类型对我国长江上游鲤科鱼类群体行为的影响,本研究以喜集群的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为实验对象,在(26.1±0.1)℃水温条件下对该种鱼进行4种代谢表型[低标准代谢率/低代谢空间(低SMR/低AS)、低标准代谢率/高代谢空间(低SMR/高AS)、高标准代谢率/低代谢空间(高SMR/低AS)、高标准代谢率/高代谢空间(高SMR/高AS)]的分型并且在不同生态环境(无食物隐蔽场所、食物、食物隐蔽场所)条件下拍摄实验鱼的群体行为。结果发现:(1)中华倒刺鲃群体中的个体空间位置不受环境类型和代谢表型的影响;(2)中华倒刺鲃在空白环境(无食物隐蔽场所)和食物环境中的个体(群体)游泳速度和移动距离低于食物隐蔽场所环境,但前两种环境的个体游泳速度同步性高于食物隐蔽场所环境。(3)低SMR/低AS表型的个体空间位置的变异系数显著低于其它3种代谢表型;高SMR/高AS表型的最近邻距离以及与群体中间距离均大于低SMR/高AS和低SMR/低AS的两种代谢表型。然而,每种代谢表型在不同环境之间的最近邻距离均无差异。研究表明:虽然中华倒刺鲃群体中的个体空间位置不受环境类型和代谢表型影响,但不同代谢表型间的最近邻距离存在显著差异,暗示个体间的相互吸引力具有代谢表型依赖性;环境复杂性的增加可能不影响中华倒刺鲃的群体协调性。 相似文献
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为考察群体中不同的个性组成对鱼类集群行为的影响及其内在机制,选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象,依次测定其活跃性和社会性,随后分别根据活跃性和社会性的高低分为高、低和混合活跃性(或社会性)鱼群,考察鱼群中不同个性组成对集群时的整体运动特征以及每尾鱼的个体运动特征的影响。研究发现:(1)中华倒刺鲃的个性特征稳定且个体间变异较大;(2)高活跃性鱼群的运动时间比和速度同步性均大于低活跃性鱼群,而混合鱼群位于二者之间且与两个同质性鱼群均无显著差异;高社会性鱼群速度同步性显著小于低社会性和混合社会性鱼群,而后两者之间没有显著差异。(3)活跃性特征与集群运动时每尾鱼的运动特征(速度及其同步性等)相关,社会性特征不仅与上述运动特征关联,还与凝聚力大小(距鱼群质心距离)相关。研究表明:(1)鱼群的活跃性和社会性组成均对集群行为产生重要影响,但其内在机制截然不同。主要表现为:就活跃性而言,群体的运动状态是由群体中所有成员共同决定(平均决定机制);就社会性而言,少数低社会性成员对鱼群的运动水平表现有着主导作用(少数决定机制);(2)实验鱼的活跃性在集群行为中得到了较大... 相似文献
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为了探讨鱼类个性特征(勇敢性和社会性)对集群行为的影响及其与食物占有能力之间的关联, 实验选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象, 分别测定其勇敢性、社会性和单尾饲养条件下的食物占有能力(摄食率)和生长、集群时每尾鱼个体运动特征及其食物占有能力(摄食率)。研究发现: (1)中华倒刺鲃的勇敢性和社会性具有较好的重复性, 且两者呈显著负相关, 但均与食物占有能力无关联; (2)社会性高的个体集群时运动时间比和速度同步性较低。(3)集群时较为活跃且距离鱼群质心距离较远的个体往往具有较高的食物占有能力。研究表明: (1)中华倒刺鲃的社会性在集群运动时能够很好的保留, 且个性差异会对集群运动特征产生重要影响。(2)在集群行为中, 群体成员运动特征的异质性会导致其食物占有能力出现差异, 这进一步表明个性分化对鱼类的集群生活具有重要的影响。 相似文献
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The effect of acute seawater exposure on repeated swimming performance of brown trout Salmo trutta was investigated by use of a constant acceleration test (CAT). In fresh water, swimming speed was attained regardless of previous exercise, whereas swimming speed in sea water was significantly reduced during consecutive exercise. 相似文献
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在全球气候变暖背景下,冷水性鱼类的温度适应性备受关注。秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)是目前世界上分布最南端的两种鲑科鱼类之一,为国家Ⅱ级重点保护水生野生动物。尽管温度是决定该物种生存与分布的关键因子,然而其热生物学相关研究至今鲜见报道。研究考察了驯化温度(6℃、12℃和18℃)和重复测定对秦岭细鳞鲑生态相关的重要指标如快速启动反应、游泳性能及力竭后代谢特征的影响。结果发现:(1)快速启动反应时滞(Latency time,Tlatency)随温度升高而变短(P<0.05),但温度和重复测定对反应率(Reaction rate,R)无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)温度对步法转换速度(Gait transition speed,Ugait)和匀加速游泳速度(Constant acceleration test speed,Ucat)影响显著(P<0.05),重复测定对Ugait和Ucat无显著影响(P>0.05);(3)温度对日常代谢率(Routine metabolic rate, RMR)和最大代谢率(Maximum metabolic rate, MMR)影响显著(P<0.05)、对代谢空间(Metabolic scope,MS)无显著影响(P>0.05),重复测定对MMR和MS均无显著影响(P>0.05);(4)低温驯化方向(6—12℃)生理参数的Q10值较大,而高温驯化方向(12—18℃)生理参数的Q10值较小。研究结果提示:(1)高温下秦岭细鳞鲑快速启动反应更为迅速,但该物种对低强度机械刺激主要采用静息而非逃逸的策略;(2)秦岭细鳞鲑游泳性能对温度变化的敏感性较高,游泳性能的最适温度估计介于12—18℃之间;(3)秦岭细鳞鲑具备较好的代谢恢复与重复运动能力,但总体上游泳性能较弱,可能易受生境水温和水流环境变化的限制。 相似文献
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Synopsis We compared survival, growth, and swimming performance of two size classes of age-0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in the spring after being fed diets of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, or invertebrate prey during the winter. Regardless of prey assemblage, survival was uniformly high and independent of size. Length, wet- and dry-mass, and condition was also similar among treatments for both size classes. However, variation in individual performance differed, with the lowest variability in growth occurring among small age-0 largemouth bass in the invertebrate only treatment. Absolute and length corrected swimming speeds of largemouth bass were highest for invertebrate prey assemblages, intermediate for fathead minnow prey, and lowest for bluegill prey. The patterns in growth and spring swimming performance likely reflect the varied nutritive quality of different prey, the ability of largemouth bass to capture different prey, and competition with the piscine prey. 相似文献
14.
A. P. Farrell 《Journal of fish biology》2008,72(3):693-710
Maximum swimming performance of seasonally acclimated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was compared among short-duration constant acceleration tests ( U max ) and with the well established, but longer duration critical swimming speed ( U crit ) test. The present results show that U max was insensitive to a range of acceleration rates that differed by more than three-fold. Thus, test duration could be reduced from 58 to 18 min without affecting the estimate of U max . The value of U max , however, was up to 57% higher than U crit . Only the slowest acceleration rate tested (an increase of 1 cm s−1 every min) had a significantly lower U max , and this was up to 19% higher than U crit . Even so, the potential saving in the test duration was small (70 v. 90 min) when compared with a ramp- U crit test (a standard U crit test but with the water velocity initially ramped to c . 50% of the estimated U crit ). Therefore, swim tests that are appreciably shorter in duration than a ramp- U crit test result in U max being appreciably greater than U crit . An additional discovery was that the ramp- U crit performance of cold-acclimated rainbow trout was independent of the recovery period between tests. These results may prove useful in making comparisons among different swim test protocols and in designing swim tests that assess fish health and toxicological impacts. 相似文献
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F. W. H. Beamish 《Hydrobiologia》1981,83(2):245-254
Oxygen consumption was measured for three tropical fishes,Exodon paradoxus, Leporinus fasciatus andLabeo erythrurus in relation to swimming speed and temperature. For each species the logarithm of oxygen consumption (mg 02 · g–1 · h–1) increased linearly with relative swimming speed (1 · s–1) with the value of the regression coefficients varying inversely with temperature. Active metabolism and critical swimming speed ofE. paradoxus andL. fasciatus increased with temperature to a maximum at 30 and 35° C respectively. Basal metabolic rates ofE. paradoxus andL. fasciatus increased with temperature. Metabolic rates and critical swimming speed of the three fishes studied were consistent with values for polar, temperate and other tropical species over their respective thermal ranges of tolerance. Tropical fishes have lowered their metabolism and swimming performance from that expected for many temperate species at the same temperature. 相似文献
16.
Lee SM Wong WP Loong AM Hiong KC Chew SF Ip YK 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2007,177(1):19-29
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding on the excretory nitrogen (N) metabolism of the aquatic
Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, with a special emphasis on the role of urea synthesis in ammonia detoxification. P. sinensis is ureogenic and possesses a full complement of ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in its liver. It is primarily ureotelic in water,
and the estimated rate of urea synthesis in unfed animals was equivalent to only 1.5% of the maximal capacity of carbamoyl
phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) in its liver. Approximately 72 h was required for P. sinensis to completely digest a meal of prawn meat. During this period, there were significant increases in ammonia contents in the
stomach at hour 24 and in the intestine between hours 12 and 36, which could be a result of bacterial activities in the intestinal
tract. However, ammonia contents in the liver, muscle, brain and plasma remained unchanged throughout the 72-h post-feeding.
In contrast, at hour 24, urea contents in the stomach, intestine, liver, muscle, brain and plasma increased significantly
by 2.9−, 3.5−, 2.6−, 2.9−, 3.4 and 3.0-fold, respectively. In addition, there was a 3.3- to 8.0−fold increase in the urea
excretion rate between hours 0 and 36 post-feeding, which preceded the increase in ammonia excretion between hours 12 and
48. By hour 48, 68% of the assimilated N from the feed was excreted, 54% of which was excreted as urea-N. The rate of urea
synthesis apparently increased sevenfold during the initial 24 h after feeding, which demanded only 10% of the maximal CPS
I capacity in P. sinensis. The postprandial detoxification of ammonia to urea in P. sinensis effectively prevented postprandial surges in ammonia contents in the plasma and other tissues, as observed in other animals,
during the 72-h period post-feeding. In addition, postprandial ammonia toxicity was ameliorated by increased transamination
and synthesis of certain amino acids in the liver and muscle of P. sinensis. After feeding, a slight but significant increase in the glutamine content occurred in the brain at hour 24, indicating that
the brain might experience a transient increase in ammonia and ammonia was detoxified to glutamine. 相似文献