甜瓜有丝分裂染色体制片技术及核型分析

以萌发种子根为材料,研究预处理取样时间和预处理药剂对甜瓜染色体制片的影响.结果表明,上午8:00左右为最佳预处理取样时间,可以观察到近14%的中期分裂相;在4种药剂预处理活体根尖中,以添加对二氯苯(饱和)的放线菌酮(40 m g.L-1)水溶液的效果最佳.用此方法对厚皮和薄皮两种类型甜瓜进行核型分析,结果发现:两类甜瓜核型相似,都具有一对随体,核型均为2A型,核型公式均为2n=2x=24=14m+10st(2SAT).但两类甜瓜的染色体总长、平均长度以及随体在染色体上的分布都不相同.     

蛆症异蚤蝇减数分裂染色体观察

以蛹精巢和卵巢组织为材料,采用空气干燥法制备染色体标本,Giemsa和硝酸银分别染色,对蛆症异蚤蝇Megaselia scalaris减数分裂染色体行为进行研究。结果表明:蛆症异蚤蝇的染色体数目n=3,由2条中着丝粒染色体和1条端着丝粒染色体组成;粗线期,第2条二价体具有较强的嗜银性,可能为性染色体;晚粗线期,第1条二价体的同源染色体之间出现一条细线,类似于联会复合体;终变期,第2条二价体形成环状结构;晚终变期,在3条二价体染色体臂上均产生条带,根据二价体着丝粒处是否成环可以将3条二价体分开。     

中国广东异蚤蝇一新种记述(双翅目,蚤蝇科)

记述异蚤蝇属1新种:双鬃异蚤蝇Megaselia bisetalis sp.nov..模式标本存放于沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院.双鬃异蚤蝇,新种Megaselia bisetalis sp.nov.(图1～3)雄性额红褐至黑褐;额宽稍大于侧高;密布细毛;纵沟明显.触角上鬃4根,不等.前额间鬃几与触角上鬃同高.后额间鬃略低于后额框鬃,4根鬃等距排列.颊鬃2根,侧颜鬃5根.触角第3节黄褐色,端部褐;球形;芒具微毛.下颚须浅黄,具较长鬃.胸黄褐色,侧板略浅;小盾片 鬃1对,短毛1对;中侧片光裸.腹部腹面黄色;背板大部分黄褐色,尾器黑褐,生殖背板两侧各具长鬃1根.肛管黄色,端毛粗大.翅长1.04～1.10mm,前缘脉指数0.41 mm,各段比3.75∶1.75∶1.00.平衡棒黄褐.足黄色,前足胫节具前背刺1列;基跗节细长.中足胫节栅毛列达端部1/4,后背纤毛6根.后足胫节栅毛列完整,后背纤毛10根,缺前背纤毛.体长1.2mm.雌性体长1.2～1.6 mm.翅长1.3～1.4mm.前缘脉指数0.43,平衡棒褐色.腹背板褐色,腹面黄色.正模♂,广东顶湖,1992-04-24,刘广纯、王敏采;副模3♂♂,5♀♀,采集记录同正模.词源:新种种名据其尾器特点而拟.     

中国异蚤蝇属一新种一新纪录种(双翅目:蚤蝇科)

记述了采自中国黑龙江的双翅目蚤蝇科1新种:柳叶异蚤蝇Megaselia lanceoseta sp.nov..本种主要鉴别特征为:中侧片具毛,缺鬃;背侧鬃3根,缺背侧裂;小盾片鬃2对;生殖背板两侧被鬃状毛;肛侧片每侧各具2根下弯的鬃;载肛片端鬃呈柳叶状.本文还在我国首次记录了阔径异蚤蝇Megaselia humeral...     

中国栓蚤蝇属(双翅目,蚤蝇科)一新种

记述了中国栓蚤蝇属Dohrniphora Dahl 1新种,即微刺栓蚤蝇D.microspinosa Liu et Shen,sp.nov.模式标本保存于沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院.     

中国喙蚤蝇属一新种（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

喙蚤蝇属ＴｒｏｐｈｉｔｈａｕｍａＳｃｈｍｉｔｚ是一形态特异的类群。其雌性种类口上片延长,喙长,腹部第４－６背板特化成腺体。目前全世界仅记载６种。我国只记载１种（刘广纯等,１９９３）。本文描述１新种。模式标本存于沈阳农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。黄腰喙蚤蝇ＴｒｏｐｈｉｔｈａｕｍａｇａｓｔｒｏｆｌａｖｉｄｕｍＬｉｕ,新种雌：体长２ｍｍ。额黑色,有光泽。触角第３节黑色,球形;芒０．６ｍｍ,具较长绒毛。下颚须黑色,具短鬃。胸背板和侧板下半部黑色;侧板下半部浅黄色。小盾片鬃ｌ对,短毛１对。腹部第１节浅黄,其它节黑色。第Ⅳ－Ⅵ背板高度特化。翅长１．８ｍｍ;前缘脉指数０．５８,各段比２：１．６：１,前缘脉纤毛０．０４ｍｍ。腋区鬃３根,平衡棒浅黄。前、中足浅褐,后足深褐。中足栅毛列达胫节２／３;后足胫节栅毛列完整,具后背纤毛列。正模：♀,云南勐养,１９９１－Ⅵ－８,刘广纯采。     

中国栓蚤蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

记述采自海南的栓蚤蝇属Dohrniphora Dahl 1新种:密齿栓蚤蝇Dohrniphora densilinearis sp. nov.。新种与D. eilogoensis Disney相似,但后足腿节基部栓状感器大小相等且呈直线排列,可以区分。模式标本藏于沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室。     

中国寒蚤蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

记述中国寒蚤蝇属Triphleba Rondani 1新种:壳叶寒蚤蝇Triphleba conchiformis sp. nov.。本新种缺R2+3,其贝壳状侧尾叶区别于本属其它种。模式标本存放于沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室。     

中国乌蚤蝇属二新种(双翅目,蚤蝇科)(英文)

记述了中国乌蚤蝇属2新种,葫片乌蚤蝇Woodiphora lageniformis Liu et Zhu,sp.nov.和明带乌蚤蝇Woodiphora fasciaria Liu et Zhu,sp.nov.葫片乌蚤蝇第6背板内部小骨片呈葫芦形,第7背板向后明显变狭区别于其它种.明带乌蚤蝇以第4背板中部具1无色横条,第5背板长等于宽,几乎呈正方形区别于其它种.模式标本存于沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院.     

中国异蚤蝇属二新种记述（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

记述中国异蚤蝇属2新种:羽鬃异蚤蝇Megaselia pennisetalis sp.nov.和膨跗异蚤蝇Megaselia tarsocrassa sp.nov.。羽鬃异蚤蝇的体色和尾器的羽状鬃与M.rufipes(Meigen)相似,但后者的中侧片光裸无毛。膨跗异蚤蝇与M.turbidipennis Borgmeier相似,但后者翅较暗、Rs脉基部具1微毛、前缘脉比3.80:1.60:1.00。模式标本存放于沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室。     

Revision of the Alamirinae (Diptera: Phoridae)

Abstract. The genus Couturiera Disney, 1979, only known in the female sex, is synonymized with Perissa Borgmeier, 1967, only known in the male sex, a syn.n., thus solving the problem of the 'missing' males of the Alamirinae. Perissa kensmithi (Disney) comb.n., P.lewisi (Disney) comb.n. and P.orientalis (Disney & Peterson) comb.n. are transferred from Couturiera. Perissa couturieri Disney is synonymized under P. lewisi (Disney) and C.palawanensis Disney under P.georgei Disney. Perissa latiptera sp.n., P.oligoseta sp.n., P.tinglei sp.n. and Perittophora couturieri gen.n., sp.n., are described from Zimbabwe. A key to the twelve species of Alamirinae is provided. It is hypothesized that the Alamirinae may be paraphyletic, by virtue of exclusion of the Termitoxeniinae. The latter is probably polyphyletic, in that each Alamirinae genus is probably the sister group of a different Termi-toxeniin clade.     

Revision of the termite-parasitizing genus Dicranopteron (Diptera: Phoridae)

Dicranopteron Schmitz is removed from the Metopininae and three new species are described. All species are represented by females only and come from Odontolermes and Macrotermes nests in the Orient. A key:to species) is provided. One species was observed ovipositing in the abdomens of the young stages of O. takensis.     

The 'missing' males of the Thaumatoxeninae (Diptera: Phoridae)

Abstract. The male of Thaumatoxena tragardhi Schmitz is described, thus solving the problem of the missing males of the Thaumatoxeninae. It, and other congeneric males from Africa, resemble Hypocerides Schmitz of the Phorinae. However, this genus is probably polyphyletic. Until a clearer picture emerges of the true monophyletic groups within the Phorinae, it is not possible to resolve the affinities of the Thaumatoxeninae further.     

Surface ultrastructure of third-instar Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae)

We describe some ultrastructure of the third-instar Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) using scanning electron microscopy, with the cephalic segment, anterior spiracle and posterior spiracle being emphasized. This study provides the taxonomic information of this larval species, which may be useful to differentiate from other closely-related species.     

Convergent evolution between Echidnophora and Termitoxeniinae (Diptera: Phoridae)

Echidnophora dondroi sp.nov. is described from females collected in the fungus gardens of a nest of the termite Odontotermes takensis in North Sumatra. Resemblances between Echidnophora and Termitoxeniinae are discussed and interpreted as examples of convergence. The peculiarly modified basal sockets of some major abdominal bristles in many Termitoxeniinae are illustrated and discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that these modified sockets are the sites from which exudates attractive to termite workers are discharged. It is further postulated that these exudates are primarily lipid material. Furthermore, the abdominal bristles of the Termitoxeniinae examined are smooth, in contrast to the fluted bristles characteristic of Echidnophora , other Phoridae, and those of workers of termite hosts of the Termitoxeniinae. This is probably an adaptation that renders the bristles more pliant, and thus less liable to being broken off when stroked by a termite worker. Enlarged collars, arising from the basal sockets and embracing the bases of the bristles, probably serve as an additional protection.     

The species of Phora (Diptera: Phoridae) of Costa Rica

The Phora of Costa Rica were reviewed and three species, all belonging to Schmitz's Group III, were recognized: P. americana Schmitz and Wirth, P. truncata new species and P. paramericana new species. Of the three species, P. americana is by far the most abundant, with the other two species being rarely collected. All specimens were collected in the central highlands of the country. The previous record of the Holarctic Region species P. stictica Meigen from Costa Rica was found to be based on a misidentification of P. truncata.     

A new genus of scuttle-fly (Diptera: Phoridae) from England

A new genus is described for a new species, Obscuriphora sheppardi , collected in Warwickshire, England. The genus shows some resemblance to Plethysmochaeta Schmitz and Kuenburgia Schmitz. In the British fauna Obscuriphora is most likely to be confused with Conicera Meigen and Gymnoptera Lioy.     

Seasonal population dynamics in Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

In this study the seasonal variation of fecundity, wing and tibia sizes were investigated in natural populations of Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) as an attempt to determine the variations in life history of the species associated to seasonality. Specimens of L. eximia were monthly collected in Botucatu, S?o Paulo, Brazil, during two years and the adult females dissected to estimate fecundity. Body size was estimated by measuring wing and tibia. Fecundity and body size were seasonally analysed. A relatively constant temporal trajectory was found for fecundity, wing and tibia size over twenty-four months. Strong positive correlations between wing and tibia size, fecundity and wing and fecundity and tibia were observed. The maintenance of stable values in L. eximia indicates that it has suffered little seasonal influence over the period analysed. This result confirms the demographics and life history stable profile of the species in spite of seasonal climatic changes observed in the study area.     

Effects of disturbances on scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) in Pine Forests

I investigated the ecological consequences of disturbances (anthropogenic and natural) on the scuttle fly communities in four large Pine Forests in Poland. I used data on 17,547 male individuals representing 183 species. Communities found in pine plantations (established in clear-cut areas) and in differently treated post-windstorm (with windthrow logs being left or removed) were less diverse than those found in old-growth forest. The communities recorded in the same habitat types in different forest complexes (ca. 300 km apart) were found to display greater similarity than those recorded on adjacent plots in a given forest (ca. 1 km apart), but covering different habitats. The species-specific preference for habitats after disturbances (clear-cuts and post-windstorm areas) was highly correlated between the forests. The abundance of the species with saprophagous larvae was distinctly higher in the disturbed areas than in the old-growth stands. Also, the body length of the scuttle flies was significantly related to their preference for disturbed or undisturbed habitats: smaller species preferred clear-cuts and post-windstorm areas, whereas larger species were related to intact stands.