日本曲霉产生的黑麦酮酸F对玉米的化感作用

日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus)是土壤和谷物种子表面的一种常见真菌.研究结果表明,日本曲霉所产生的大量黑麦酮酸F(SAF)对玉米(Zea mays)有很强的化感作用,低浓度显著促进玉米幼苗生长,高浓度则抑制.在0.0375mmol·L^-1SAF下,玉米幼苗根长增长31.7%,根数量增加13.2%,根活力提高4.73倍,并促进玉米对P、K、Ca、Mg、S等5种营养元素的吸收.高浓度SAF(0.3mmol·L^-1)下玉米根活力受抑制(72.1%),根对N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等营养元素的吸收也受抑制.0.6mmol·L^-1的SAF下根完全失去活力.电镜观察表明,有SAF的情况下玉米叶绿体片层结构模糊、混乱,双层膜不完整.     

叶片淋洗对NaCl胁迫下玉米生长和矿质营养的影响

研究了叶片淋洗对NaCl胁迫下玉米生长和体内矿质营养含量的影响 .结果表明 ,无盐或低盐浓度下(0、5 0mmol·L-1) ,淋洗处理与对照的生物量没有差异 ,高盐浓度下 (10 0、2 0 0mmol·L-1) ,淋洗处理的生物量提高 ,pH3 .5淋洗液的淋洗效果好于 pH 7.0 .无盐胁迫时 ,淋洗处理的茎叶K含量高于对照 ,2 0 0mmol·L-1盐胁迫时则低于对照 ;在高盐胁迫时 ,淋洗处理的茎叶Na含量低于对照 ;无盐胁迫时 ,淋洗处理茎叶中Ca、Mg含量高于对照 .根系K、Na、Ca、Mg含量以及植株相对水分含量在淋洗和对照之间基本无明显差别 ,说明淋洗可以减轻中高度盐胁迫下玉米植株的受害程度 ,其原因与淋洗降低茎叶中Na含量有关 .     

香草醛对杉木幼苗养分吸收的影响

 通过模拟实验研究了不同浓度的香草醛对杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）幼苗养分吸收和根系活力的影响,结果发现,当浓度为1 mmol·L-1时,香草醛能够显著抑制杉木幼苗对NO－3、NH+4、SO24-及HPO24-离子的吸收和根系活力（p<0.01）,而浓度为1×10-2 mmol·L-1时香草醛却促进了杉木幼苗对HPO24-离子的吸收（p<0.01）。这说明高浓度的香草醛能够通过化感作用对杉木幼苗产生影响,降低杉木幼苗的根系活力,进而减少了杉木幼苗对养分离子的吸收,从而影响了杉木幼苗的生长。     

氮胁迫对水曲柳幼苗养分吸收、利用和生物量分配的影响

树木受到环境胁迫时发生形态和生理上的改变,以便获取对其生长发育限制最严重的资源．在东北林区凋落物因受温度影响分解速度和有机物矿质化过程缓慢,森林树木常受到氮营养胁迫．通过温室栽培试验,对氮胁迫下水曲柳幼苗生长的生理学和形态学指标进行了研究．结果表明,在氮胁迫下,水曲柳幼苗的净氮吸收速率和净磷吸收速率都会减少,但在生长前期氮利用效率和磷利用效率高于氮供给充足(8mmol·L^-1)和过量(16mmol·L^-1)时的氮利用效率和磷利用效率．当氮供给浓度不足时,叶重比减少,而特定叶面积和根重比增加．相对生长速率随氮供给浓度增加而增加．在氮胁迫下净同化速率下降,导致总生物量下降．在幼苗生长前期,水曲柳幼苗处于氮胁迫时根／茎比显著大于氮供给充足或过量时的根／茎比。而在生长后期。根／茎比没有显著差别．     

外源NO对缺镁胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和离子平衡的影响

研究了在缺镁胁迫下,外源NO对缺镁玉米幼苗生长、根系活力和离子含量的影响。结果表明,缺镁胁迫使玉米幼苗株高、根长和干鲜重下降,根系活力降低,N元素在地上部和根部分配失调,新叶和老叶中Mg2＋、Cu2＋、Fe3＋、Mn2＋等离子含量下降,Ca2＋、K＋、Zn2＋等离子含量上升。根中Mg2＋离子含量下降,Ca2＋、K＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Fe3＋、Mn2＋等离子含量上升。用100μmol·L-1一氧化氮供体硝普钠（SNP）处理后,玉米幼苗株高、根长、干重和鲜重均提高,根系活力增强,改善了N代谢,新叶中Ca2＋、K＋和Zn2＋等离子含量下降,Mg2＋、Cu2＋、Fe3＋和Mn2＋等离子含量提高,老叶中Mg2＋、Ca2＋、K＋和Zn2＋等离子含量下降,Cu2＋、Fe3＋和Mn2＋等离子含量提高,根中Mg2＋、Ca2＋、K＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Fe3＋和Mn2＋离子含量均下降。实验结果表明,NO保护玉米幼苗免受缺镁胁迫的影响。     

镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生理生态的变化

用不同浓度Cd2 + 处理玉米种子 ,在室内常规培养 ,研究了种子萌发和幼苗生理生态的变化。结果表明 ,镉影响玉米种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。当Cd2 + 浓度高于 5 0mg·L-1时 ,显著抑制种子的发芽率 ;随Cd2 + 浓度的增加 ,根系长度和侧根数减小 ;在Cd2 + 浓度小于 5mg·L-1时 ,镉刺激苗高和根系及地上部干物质量增加 ,当Cd2 + 浓度超过相应浓度时 ,苗高和根系及地上部的生长量随Cd2 + 浓度提高而降低。镉胁迫下幼苗根系活力和叶绿素含量明显降低 ,根内丙二醛含量增加。镉影响玉米幼苗对矿质元素的吸收。根系和茎叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu的吸收量随Cd2 + 浓度提高而增加 ,K、Zn的吸收量随Cd2 + 浓度提高而减少。     

铅胁迫对木榄幼苗抗氧化酶的影响

用含不同浓度Pb(NO₃)₂(0～40 mmol·L^-1)的Hoagland营养液处理沙培中的木榄（Bruguiera gymnorrhiza）幼苗,2个月后测定幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性并对其同工酶进行电泳分析。结果表明,1～10 mmol·L^-1 Pb促进幼苗根和叶中抗氧化酶活性,但在20～40 mmol·L^-1 Pb高浓度下,酶活性下降。电泳结果显示,Pb主要影响阴离子型POD同工酶活性。20～40 mmol·L^-1Pb强烈抑制根中所有CAT同工酶的活性;30～40 mmol·L^-1 Pb诱导出1条新的Cu/Zn-SOD同工酶LS-3和3条新的CAT同工酶RC-3、LC-2和LC-3。     

秦岭火地塘森林生态系统不同层次的水质效应

根据降水与森林生态系统相互作用的空间顺序,分别对火地塘林区火地沟流域大气降水、林内雨、枯透水、支沟溪流水和流域出口径流水质进行了比较分析和变化机理分析。结果表明：森林生态系统不同层次均有使微酸性降水pH值升高的作用,但以林冠层和森林土壤的作用最大,升幅分别为0．58和0．61;森林生态系统对NO3^-、NH4^＋、K、PO4^3均有净化作用,净化NO3^-的关键阶段为沟道径流阶段,净化NH4^＋、K、PO4^3的主要方式则为土壤吸附;森林生态系统各层次均增加Ca含量,除土壤外,也增加Mg,但Ca主要来源于土壤和岩石,Mg主要来源于岩石;降水中的Cd、Pb、Mn、Zn经过森林生态系统不同层次的阻减,含量分别降低了0．721μg·L^-1、6．528μg·L^-1、0．0128mg·L^-1和1．4674mg·L^-1,其中以林冠层的阻减作用最大,阻减效果分别为83％、76．7％、54％和99％。总体上,林冠层是净化水质的关键层次,其次为森林土壤。     

Ca2+-CaM对过氧化氢诱导玉米幼苗耐冷性的影响

H2O2预处理可提高玉米幼苗的耐冷性及其体内钙调素(CaM)活性。阻断胞内Ca2 库的动员(钌红处理)、降低细胞中Ca2 水平(EGTA处理)及抑制CaM活性(TFP和CPZ处理)均可完全消除H2O2诱导的玉米幼苗的耐冷性。阻止胞外Ca2 跨膜进入胞内(La3 处理)并不抑制、甚至还能轻微地提高H2O2诱导的耐冷性。高Ca2 (20mmol.L^-1)处理削弱H2O2诱导的耐冷性。这些结果表明,CaM及胞内Ca2 库在H2O2诱导的玉米幼苗耐冷性的形成过程中起重要作用,而质外体中高浓度Ca2 和跨膜进入胞内会削弱H2O2诱导的耐冷性。     

青杨雌雄幼苗对主要矿质元素的吸收与分配差异

研究了一年生青杨雌雄幼苗及其不同部位对主要矿质元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg）的吸收与分配特性及其性别间差异。结果显示：青杨雌株总P、总Ca的含量均显著高于雄株,总K含量则显著低于雄株。青杨雌雄幼苗叶片N含量均显著高于根、茎N含量,P、K、Mg含量分别表现出根＞茎＞叶、叶＞根＞茎、根＞叶＞茎的趋势。青杨雄株Ca含量呈现出根＞茎＞叶的趋势,但雌株却表现出根＞叶＞茎的趋势。同时,青杨雌株根P、叶Ca的含量均显著高于雄株,根Mg含量则显著低于雄株。此外,矿质元素含量比例在雌、雄幼苗根、茎、叶中均分别表现为Ca＞K＞N＞Mg＞P,Ca＞N＞K＞P＞Mg,N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P。结果表明,尽管矿质元素的比例模式在青杨雌雄幼苗的根、茎和叶中均相似,但其含量和分配在雌雄幼苗间具有显著的性别差异。     

Cd-K双重处理对水稻幼苗生长和Cd吸收转运的影响及相关转运通道分析

以水稻( Oryza sativa Linn.)高 Cd 积累品种‘T 优705’(‘T You 705’)和低 Cd 积累品种‘湘早籼24’(‘Xiangzaoxian 24’)为实验材料,采用水培法对不同浓度Cd(0.0和2.7μmol·L-1 Cd)和K(0、30和60 mmol·L-1 K)处理条件下2个品种幼苗的相对生长量、根系和地上部的Cd含量及其亚细胞分布特征进行了比较,并分析了添加离子通道活性抑制剂TEA和LaCl3后幼苗根系和地上部的Cd和K含量;在此基础上,比较了NSCCs(非选择性阳离子通道)和K专性通道对2个品种幼苗根系和地上部Cd和K吸收贡献率的影响。结果表明：与Cd单一处理组(2.7μmol·L-1 Cd)相比, Cd-K双重处理组(2.7μmol·L-1 Cd-30 mmol·L-1 K和2.7μmol·L-1 Cd-60 mmol·L-1 K)2个品种幼苗的相对生长量显著提高,而幼苗根系和地上部的Cd含量显著下降;随K浓度的提高,2个品种幼苗根系细胞壁和细胞液中的Cd含量显著下降,但细胞壁中Cd含量的分配比例增大而细胞液中Cd含量的分配比例则减小。在含2.7μmol·L-1 Cd和30 mmol·L-1 K的培养液中分别添加5 mmol·L-1 TEA或0.2 mmol·L-1 LaCl3后,2个品种幼苗根系和地上部的Cd和K含量均显著下降,其中,LaCl3处理组的根系Cd含量降幅高于TEA处理组,但LaCl3处理组的根系K含量降幅则低于TEA组。 NSCCs对品种‘T优705’幼苗根系和地上部Cd吸收的贡献率显著低于品种‘湘早籼24’幼苗,而K专性通道对品种‘T优705’幼苗根系K吸收和地上部Cd吸收的贡献率则显著低于品种‘湘早籼24’幼苗。研究结果显示：添加外源K可缓解Cd对水稻幼苗生长的抑制作用,并通过提高细胞壁与Cd的结合能力来降低细胞液中Cd的积累,以此减弱幼苗对Cd的吸收和转运能力;幼苗体内的K和Cd均可通过K专性通道和NSCCs转运,其中,K吸收和转运主要通过K专性通道完成,而Cd吸收和转运主要通过NSCCs完成。此外,品种‘T优705’可能具有多种离子通道参与Cd的吸收和转运,而品种‘湘早籼24’主要依赖NSCCs参与Cd的吸收和转运,且后者对K的吸收和积累强于前者。     

钙离子浓度对青檀生长和檀皮质量的影响

以Hoagland完全营养液为基质,利用5、10和15mmol·L^-13个Ca^2+浓度处理水平及一个无钙对照处理。对青檀苗木各生物组分积累的钙含量、生物量、密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维素含量进行测定分析．结果表明。对照处理下的青檀苗大部分死亡,且生长不良,其高生长量仅为有钙处理的50％左右;在有钙处理中,青檀一年苗的高生长和生物量差异不明显,但以10mmol·L^-1钙处理浓度的生长量和生物量最大;Ca^2+促进了根、叶和檀皮中钙的积累,并随着Ca^2+浓度的增加而提高,其分布为根>叶>檀皮;浓度钙处理对青檀木质部和檀皮密度、青檀木质部和檀皮的纤维形态影响不显著,其中10mmol·L^-1钙处理下木质部纤维长度和宽度最大,5mmol·L^-1钙处理下檀皮的纤维长度和长／宽比最大;不同钙处理间,檀皮(韧皮部)纤维均在2．0mm以上,檀皮的纤维长／宽比约为木质部长宽比值的4倍;浓度钙处理对青檀木质部和檀皮中纤维素含量有显著影响,且均以10mmol·L^-1。钙处理下纤维素含量最高．     

Depletion of macro-nutrients from rhizosphere soil solution by juvenile corn, cottonwood, and switchgrass plants

In situ sampling of rhizosphere solution chemistry is an important step in improving our understanding of soil solution nutrient dynamics. Improved understanding will enhance our ability to model nutrient dynamics and on a broader scale, to develop effective buffers to minimize nutrient movement to surface waters. However, only limited attention has been focused on the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of rhizosphere solution, and still less is known about how rhizosphere solution chemistry varies among plant species. Nutrients in rhizosphere soil solution and changes in root morphology of juvenile corn (Zea mays L. cv. Stine 2250), cottonwood (Populus deltoids L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were monitored using mini-rhizotron technology. Plants were grown for 10 days in a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludoll (Kennebec series). Micro-samples (100–200 μL) of rhizosphere and bulk soil solution were collected at 24-h intervals at a tension of ?100 kPa and analyzed for P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration using Capillary Electrophoresis techniques. Plants were harvested at the end of the 10-day period, and tissue digests analyzed for nutrient content by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. Corn plants produced roots that were 1.3 times longer than those of cottonwood, and 11.7 times longer than those of switchgrass. Similar trends were observed in number of root tips and root surface area. At the end of 10 days, rhizosphere solution P and K concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the roots (<1 mm) decreased by approximating 24 and 8% for corn, and 15 and 5% for cottonwood. A rhizosphere effect was not found for switchgrass. After correction for initial plant nutrient content, corn shoot P, K, and Mg were respectively 385, 132, and 163% higher than cottonwood and 66, 37, and 10% higher than switchgrass. Cottonwood shoot Ca concentration, however, was 68 to 133% higher than that of corn or switchgrass. There was no difference in root P concentration among the three species. Nutrient accumulation efficiency (μg nutrient mm^?1 root length) of cottonwood was 26 to 242% higher for P, 25 to 325% higher for Ca, and 41 to 253% higher for Mg than those of corn and switchgrass. However, K accumulation efficiency of corn was four to five times higher than that of the cottonwood and switchgrass. Nutrient utilization efficiency (mg of dry weight produced per mg nutrient uptake) of P, K, and Mg was higher in cottonwood than in corn and switchgrass. These differences are element-specific and depend on root production and morphology as well as plant nutrient status. From a practical perspective, the results of this study indicate that potentially significant differences in rhizosphere solution chemistry can develop quickly. Results also indicate that cottonwood would be an effective species to slow the loss of nutrients in buffer settings.     

光照强度和氮水平对白三叶幼苗生长与光合生理特性的影响

采用植物生长箱溶液培养方式,对白三叶幼苗进行了不同光强(2个水平)和氮浓度(5个水平)处理,探讨其生长、生物量和光合生理特征对生境变化的响应.结果表明:两种光强下白三叶幼苗茎和叶生物量随氮素浓度呈先升高后降低,而根系生物量和根冠比则随氮素浓度增高而降低.光照强度降低使白三叶幼苗根、茎、叶和整株生物量分别降低67.8%、29.9%、42.5%和45.2%;低光处理使幼苗的根冠比显著下降,而比叶面积(SLA)明显提高.幼苗根系体积随氮素浓度增高而降低,高生长光强根系体积显著高于低生长光强下的白三叶.幼苗根系表面积、根系长度和根系直径随氮素浓度增加呈先增加后降低趋势,两种不同生长光强下幼苗根系长度和根系直径差异显著,而根系表面积差异不明显.白三叶叶片光合速率(Pn)随氮素浓度增加呈先增加后降低趋势,高生长光强白三叶Pn显著高于低生长光强下的白三叶.两种生长光强间叶片气孔导度(Gs),胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)无显著差异,但氮素浓度对叶片Gs、Ci和Tr均有显著影响.光、氮及其交互作用对白三叶幼苗生长发育产生了显著影响,光照不足和氮缺乏都将导致白三叶幼苗生长减弱,但幼苗对这些不利环境具有较强的调节和适应能力.     

外源NO对铜胁迫下番茄幼苗根系构型及其超微结构的影响

采用营养液水培的方法,以“改良毛粉802F1”番茄为材料,硝普钠（sodiumnitroprusside,sNP）为一氧化氮（N0）供体,研究外源N0对铜胁迫下番茄幼苗根系构型及其超微结构的影响。结果表明,50μmol·L-1的铜胁迫下,外施100μmol·L-1 SNP能够显著增加番茄幼苗植株的生物量、株高和茎粗,提高根系活力,改善根系构型中的根长度、根平均直径、根表面积和根体积,缓解番茄幼苗亚细胞结构（细胞核、线粒体、叶绿体、液泡、核膜）的改变,维持番茄幼苗组织结构的稳定,减缓铜胁迫对植株生长的抑制作用,添加NO清除剂牛血红蛋白后,能显著消除NO的缓解效果。     

外源EBR对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗无机离子吸收、运输和分配的影响

为了探讨外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)诱导燕麦(Avena sativa L.)幼苗抗盐性的效果及其生理调节机制,以"青引2号"和"加燕2号"燕麦为材料,研究NaCl胁迫下施用外源EBR对燕麦幼苗无机离子吸收、运输和分配的影响。结果表明:100mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,"青引2号"和"加燕2号"燕麦幼苗叶片和根系中的Na+、Cl-含量均显著升高,对阳离子的吸收产生了拮抗作用,导致燕麦幼苗叶片和根系中的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Cu2+含量显著降低,离子稳态平衡被打破;100 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,施用0.01μmol·L-1外源EBR后,"青引2号"和"加燕2号"燕麦幼苗叶片和根系中的Na+和Cl-含量显著降低,促进了燕麦幼苗根系对K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Cu2+和Zn2+的吸收,叶片和根系中K+/Na+、Cl-/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+、Fe2+/Na+、Mn2+/Na+、Cu2+/Na+和Zn2+/Na+显著升高,并且有效调控燕麦幼苗体内无机离子的运输比和阳离子的运输选择性比率,离子稳态重新达到平衡状态;说明外源EBR能够缓解NaCl胁迫下Na+和Cl-对燕麦幼苗所造成的离子毒害作用,有效调控燕麦幼苗对无机离子的选择性吸收、运输和分配,对维持燕麦幼苗体内的离子稳态平衡具有正向调控作用。     

Depletion of macro-nutrients from rhizosphere soil solution by juvenile corn,cottonwood, and switchgrass plants

In situ sampling of rhizosphere solution chemistry is an important step in improving our understanding of soil solution nutrient dynamics. Improved understanding will enhance our ability to model nutrient dynamics and on a broader scale, to develop effective buffers to minimize nutrient movement to surface waters. However, only limited attention has been focused on the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of rhizosphere solution, and still less is known about how rhizosphere solution chemistry varies among plant species. Nutrients in rhizosphere soil solution and changes in root morphology of juvenile corn (Zea mays L. cv. Stine 2250), cottonwood (Populus deltoids L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were monitored using mini-rhizotron technology. Plants were grown for 10 days in a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludoll (Kennebec series). Micro-samples (100–200 μL) of rhizosphere and bulk soil solution were collected at 24-h intervals at a tension of −100 kPa and analyzed for P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration using Capillary Electrophoresis techniques. Plants were harvested at the end of the 10-day period, and tissue digests analyzed for nutrient content by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy. Corn plants produced roots that were 1.3 times longer than those of cottonwood, and 11.7 times longer than those of switchgrass. Similar trends were observed in number of root tips and root surface area. At the end of 10 days, rhizosphere solution P and K concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the roots (<1 mm) decreased by approximating 24 and 8% for corn, and 15 and 5% for cottonwood. A rhizosphere effect was not found for switchgrass. After correction for initial plant nutrient content, corn shoot P, K, and Mg were respectively 385, 132, and 163% higher than cottonwood and 66, 37, and 10% higher than switchgrass. Cottonwood shoot Ca concentration, however, was 68 to 133% higher than that of corn or switchgrass. There was no difference in root P concentration among the three species. Nutrient accumulation efficiency (μg nutrient mm⁻¹ root length) of cottonwood was 26 to 242% higher for P, 25 to 325% higher for Ca, and 41 to 253% higher for Mg than those of corn and switchgrass. However, K accumulation efficiency of corn was four to five times higher than that of the cottonwood and switchgrass. Nutrient utilization efficiency (mg of dry weight produced per mg nutrient uptake) of P, K, and Mg was higher in cottonwood than in corn and switchgrass. These differences are element-specific and depend on root production and morphology as well as plant nutrient status. From a practical perspective, the results of this study indicate that potentially significant differences in rhizosphere solution chemistry can develop quickly. Results also indicate that cottonwood would be an effective species to slow the loss of nutrients in buffer settings. An erratum to this article can be found at     

纯化腐植酸对低氮胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

以黄瓜‘新泰密刺’、‘津优1号’为供试品种,研究沙培条件下不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200 mg·L^-1)纯化腐植酸(PHA)浇灌对低氮胁迫(1 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^-)下黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响.结果表明: 在较低N供应条件下,沙培浇灌PHA可显著增加黄瓜幼苗的根总长、根表面积及根尖数,增大根体积,促进黄瓜幼苗株高和茎粗生长,增大叶面积;显著提高黄瓜幼苗叶片中脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量;促进N素以及P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe元素的吸收.由参试两黄瓜品种对低氮胁迫下PHA处理响应效果来看,不同品种的某些性状对PHA处理浓度的敏感程度稍有差异,综合结果显示,施用100～150 mg·L^-1PHA可显著促进两品种幼苗生长及养分吸收.     

Interactions between aluminium,magnesium and calcium with different monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species

Growth inhibition of plants suffering from Al toxicity is generally accompanied by impaired root development which can be quantitatively described by reduced specific root length (m g^-1 dry root). In addition, the uptake of nutrients such as Mg and Ca is inhibited. Increased supply of either Mg or Ca can significantly diminish the negative effect of Al on root development and improve the Mg or Ca nutrition of the plants. The positive effect of Ca is well established but the effect of Mg has been observed in only a few plan species. Therefore, the effects of increasing Mg and Ca supply on Al toxicity in plants of seven monocots and eight dicots have been now examined in nutrient solution experiments. In general, Mg appears to be more effective than Ca in alleviating Al toxicity with the monocots, whereas the reverse is true for the dicots. Increased concentrations of Mg and Ca in solution seem to protect the plants against Al toxicity by improving the Mg or Ca nutrition and by alleviating the toxic effect of Al on root development.     

Growth and Major Nutrient Concentrations in Brassica campestris Supplied with Different NH4+/NO3- Ratios

In the present study, we investigated whether growth and main nutrient ion concentrations of cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) could be increased when plants were subjected to different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Cabbage seedlings The results showed that cabbage growth was reduced by 87% when the proportion of NH4+-N in the nutrient solution was more than 75% compared with a ratio NH4+/NO3- of 0.5:0.5 35 d after transplanting, suggesting a possible toxicity seedling weight, root length, and H2PO4- (P), K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were all higher than those in plants 0.5 NH4+/NO3-. The present results indicate that an appropriate NH4+/NO3- ratio improves the absorption of other nutrients and maintains a suitable proportion of N assimilation and storage that should benefit plant growth and the quality of cabbage as a vegetable.