南海北部HY4－901孔浮游有孔虫特征及意义

南海北部ＨＹ４－９０１孔沉积连续、粒度均匀,浮游有孔虫丰富,共鉴定１０属２６种,其中以暖水种占优势,凉水种也有相当含量。浮游有孔虫组合的研究表明,本区的溶解作用不强,不是影响ＣａＣＯ＿３分布的主要因素。全新世的气温变化,可以分为五期：１）迅速升温期,２）高温期,３）降温期,４）温暖期,５）温凉期。     

The rectal organ of Ophelia bicornis Savigny (Polychaeta): a device for efficient defaecation

The rectum of the sand-dwelling polychaete Ophelia bicornis is modified by the presence of a ciliated organ and a series of muscular papillae which serve to increase the rate of evacuation of spent sand from the gut. The structure of the rectal apparatus has been investigated by direct observation, by dissection and by optical- and electron-microscopy.
The rectal organ is discussed as an adaptation to the poor food-levels of the sandy habitat of O. bicornis and the consequent need for the rapid, movement of large masses of sand through the digestive system.     

南海北部IODP U1500B孔45R-56R生物地层学研究与沉积历史恢复

本文对南海北部IODP 367航次U1500B孔45R–56R段(1 262.4～1 378.8 m)岩心的浮游有孔虫进行生物地层学研究,共识别出15个浮游有孔虫生物事件,并结合锶同位素测年结果,建立了可靠的年代地层框架。45R–49R段为中中新世–晚渐新世沉积地层; 50R–53R以及55R(不包括55R-1 0～10 cm段)为早渐新世沉积地层; 54R、55R-1 0～10cm段与56R段获得岩心含有中中新世浮游有孔虫特征分子。综合岩性、地震反射剖面及物理性质参数等分析结果,推断1 306.84 m层位(位于49R)存在的沉积间断(约26.93–28.09 Ma),由南海在27 Ma的洋脊跃迁引起; 54R、55R-10～10 cm段与56R段岩心(约14.89–15.10 Ma)的混入可能与南海扩张结束后的断层活动有关。     

中更新世撞击事件对海洋环境的影响--南海ODP1144站的高分辨率记录

本文对采自南海北部ODP1144站(20°3.18′N,117°25.14′E,水深2 037m)385.8-386.4m层段的28个沉积物样品进行了微玻陨石、浮游有孔虫及其同位素分析,以评估中更新世撞击事件对环境的影响.微玻陨石见于孔深386.12-386.38m,而集中分布在386.22-386.25m厚约3cm的地层中.研究结果表明,中更新世撞击事件对环境的影响很可能只是小幅度和短时间(百年左右)的,尽管引起了南海表层海水温度约2℃的下降及其相应的δ18O的加重、浮游有孔虫冷水种含量的上升和暖水种含量的减少,但没有造成海水稳定同位素重大偏移和全球气候的灾难性影响,也没有引起浮游有孔虫在生物演化上的变化.     

Habitats, abundance patterns and isotopic signals of morphotypes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea since the Marine Isotopic Stage 12

The chemical composition of shells of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white) is frequently used to determine past sea surface conditions. Recently, it has been shown that arbitrarily defined morphotypes within this species exhibit different chemical and isotopic signatures. Here, we investigate the occurrence through time and in space of morphological types of G. ruber (white) in late Quaternary and Holocene sediments of the central and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In 115 samples representing two distinct time intervals (MIS 1–2 and MIS 9–12) at ODP Site 964 and the piston core GeoTü-SL96, we have defined three morphological types within this species and determined their relative abundances and stable isotopic composition. A quantitative analysis of morphological variation within G. ruber (white) in four samples revealed that the subjectively defined morphotypes occupy separate segments of a continuous and homogenous morphospace. We further show that the abundance of the morphotypes changes significantly between glacials and interglacials and that the three morphotypes of G. ruber show significant offsets in their stable isotopic composition. These offsets are consistent within glacial and interglacial stages but their sign is systematically reversed between the two Sites. Since the isotopic shifts among the three G. ruber morphotypes are systematic and often exceed 1‰, their understanding is essential for the interpretation of all G. ruber-based proxy records for the paleoceanographic development of the Mediterranean during the late Quaternary.     

Planktonic foraminifera from the eastern Indian Ocean: distribution and ecology in relation to the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP)

Faunal assemblages, principal component (PCA), canonical correspondence (CCA), and factor analysis are applied to planktonic foraminifera from 57 core-top samples from the eastern Indian Ocean. The foraminiferal lysocline occurs at 2400 m north of 15°S where carbonate dissolution is induced by the Java upwelling system, and occurs deeper south of 15°S where carbonate dissolution is characteristic of the oligotrophic regions in the Indian Ocean. Dissolution effects, the February standing stock at the time of collection of the plankton-tow material, and different production rates explain the different foraminiferal assemblages found between plankton-tow and core-top samples. Core-top samples are differentiated by PCA into four groups — Upwelling, Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), Transitional, and Southern — that are related to environmental variables (temperature, salinity and nutrients); all environmental variables follow a strong latitudinal component as indicated by the CCA analysis. Similarly, three assemblages are recognized by factor analysis: Factor 1 (dominated by Globigerinoides sacculifer, G. ruber, Globigerinita glutinata and Globorotalia cultrata), factor 2 (dominated by Globigerina bulloides and Globorotalia inflata) and factor 3 (dominated by Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) explain more than 92% of the variance, and are related to sea-surface temperature, thermocline depth and nutrient levels. The seasonal influence of the Java upwelling system supplies nutrients, phyto- and zooplankton to the oligotrophic eastern Indian Ocean (factor 1). South of 24°S, a deep chlorophyll maximum, a deep euphotic zone, a deep thermocline, SSTs below 22°C, and brief upwelling pulses seem to explain factors 2 and 3. The ratio of G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei, two mutually excluding species, appears to indicate the southern boundary of the WPWP. This ratio is applied to core Fr10/95-11 to demonstrate past shifts of the southern boundary of the WPWP.     

Varying the ratio of 15N-labelled ammonium and nitrate-N supplied to creeping bent: effects on nitrogen absorption and assimilation, and plant growth

The relative rates of ammonium and nitrate-N uptake and assimilation by creeping bent ( Agrostis stolonifera ), were investigated for plants grown in soil and supplied with three different ratios of ammonium and nitrate-N. Following two preliminary defoliations, plants were supplied with the equivalent of 150 kg N ha⁻¹, given as ¹⁵N-(differentially) labelled NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻-N in three different ratios (20:80, 50:50 and 80:20), followed by sequential destructive harvests of shoots and roots at four points during a 35-d regrowth period. Maximum use of labelled nitrogen and 'exhaustion' of soil mineral nitrogen reserves occurred much earlier when plants were supplied with half or more of their nitrogen as ammonium, than occurred when they were supplied predominately with nitrate-N. The lack of consistency in the patterns of ammonium and nitrate-N absorption, however, implied that the plants had no specific preference for either nitrogen form. Supplying plants with different combinations of ammonium and nitrate produced distinctive differences in plant morphology. In the high nitrate treatment, plants preferentially partitioned resources into shoot and stolon formation, whereas in the high ammonium treatment, resources were preferentially partitioned into root production. These changes in plant morphology might be adaptations to aid species survival in environments associated with a predominance of either nitrogen form.