The macrofaunal community of Ecklonia radiata holdfasts: Variation associated with sediment regime,sponge cover and depth

Abstract The relationship among the Ecklonia radiata holdfast macrofaunal community, sediment content and sponge cover was evaluated for data collected over a four year period at Coffs Harbour, mid-north coast, New South Wales. While several taxa demonstrated significant relationships with these factors, the correlations explained a maximum of 24% of the variation in the data and explanatory power was consequently low. Differences in the composition of the holdfast community were also evaluated at two depths (2m and 6m) at two sites in a mensurative field experiment conducted in summer and winter 1991. The results of both ANOVA and non-parametric multivariate statistical analyses (MDS, ANOSIM, SIMPER) indicated that there were consistent, significant differences between depths over the two sample times. Although some common species demonstrated significant associations with one depth, small differences in the abundance of a large number of species were primarily responsible for the overall differences in community structure between depths. Sediment content and holdfast age were both significantly greater in samples collected from 6 m which may account for some of the depth-related faunistic differences. However, the overall differences between depths are probably related to unmeasured factors such as turbulence due to wave action and holdfast morphology which covary with depth. The results highlight the enormous variability associated with the Ecklonia radiata holdfast macrofaunal community and the consequent necessity to consider as many factors as possible in comparative studies of community structure.     

Thermal performance curves identify seasonal and site-specific variation in the development of Ecklonia radiata (Phaeophyceae) gametophytes and sporophytes

Rapid ocean warming is affecting kelp forests globally. While the sporophyte life stage has been well studied for many species, the microscopic life stages of laminarian kelps have been understudied, particularly regarding spatial and temporal variations in thermal tolerance and their interaction. We investigated the thermal tolerance of growth, survival, development, and fertilization of Ecklonia radiata gametophytes, derived from zoospores sampled from two sites in Tasmania, Australia, throughout a year, over a temperature gradient (3–30°C). For growth we found a relatively stable thermal optimum at ~20.5°C and stable thermal maxima (25.3–27.7°C). The magnitude of growth was highly variable and depended on season and site, with no consistent spatial pattern for growth and gametophyte size. Survival also had a relatively stable thermal optimum of ~17°C, 3°C below the optimum for growth. Gametophytes grew to single cells between 5 and 25°C, but sporophytes were only observed between 10 and 20°C, indicating reproductive failure outside this range. The results reveal complex effects of source population and season of collection on gametophyte performance in E. radiata, with implications when comparing results from material collected at different localities and times. In Tasmania, gametophytes grow considerably below the estimated thermal maxima and thermal optima that are currently only reached during summer heatwaves, whereas optima for survival (~17°C) are frequently reached and surpassed during heatwaves, which may affect the persistence and recruitment of E. radiata in a warmer climate.     

灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构时空变化及其与环境因子的关系

为了解灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系,于2016年9月至2017年7月每2个月进行一次采样分析。调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门63属,其中绿藻门种类数最多(34.9%),其次为硅藻门(30.2%);浮游动物4类45种,以轮虫(48.9%)和原生动物(24.4%)为主。浮游植物和浮游动物的丰度分别为0.73×10~4—98.5×10~4个/L和20—1084个/L,在时空分布上均呈现下游高于上游的趋势,峰值均出现在夏季。根据水体透明度、溶解氧、总磷、总氮、高锰酸盐指数和重金属等理化指标、浮游生物丰度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数对灞河城市段水质状况进行综合评价,结果显示,所研究流域总体为中污状态,上游景观河道内的水生植物对水体具有一定的修复能力。典范对应分析表明,水温、总氮、pH、溶解氧和汞是浮游植物群落分布的主要影响因子;影响浮游动物群落分布的主要因子为水温、总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和汞。     

Seasonal changes in taxon richness and abundance of mobile invertebrates inhabiting holdfast of annual kelp Ecklonia radicosa (Phaeophyceae,Lessoniaceae) at the central Pacific coast of Japan

To investigate seasonal changes in the taxon richness and abundance of mobile invertebrates inhabiting holdfasts of the warm temperate annual kelp Ecklonia radicosa, five holdfasts were collected monthly at the central Pacific coast of Japan from April to November 2014. During the study period, there was little variation in holdfast height and diameter, which ranged from 5.9 to 8.5 cm and from 7.1 to 10.8 cm, respectively. In total 7087 animals were collected from 40 holdfasts (177.2 individuals inds./holdfast, on average). The number of mobile invertebrates gradually increased from May (15 ± 9.9 inds./holdfast) to August (346 ± 152.5 inds./holdfast), with over 300 inds./holdfast until October before rapidly decreasing in November (110 ± 85.6 inds./holdfast). Similarly, taxon richness increased gradually from April (4.3 ± 1.0 taxa/holdfast) to August (11.0 ± 3.7 taxa/holdfast), and decreased in November (8.6 ± 2.3 taxa/holdfast). Interestingly, hundreds of mobile invertebrates inhabited holdfasts of kelp plants that had shed their blade in October and November. Taxon composition from August to October and the number of invertebrates from July to November were comparable to data previously reported for perennial kelps. In this study, the importance of annual Ecklonian species as biogenic habitats was demonstrated for the first time.     

三种温带森林大型土壤动物群落结构的时空动态

对帽儿山3种典型森林群落大型土壤动物进行了连续6个月的野外调查研究。通过系统分析,共获得大型土壤动物3604只,隶属于3门6纲17目50科。其中正蚓科(Lumbricidae)、线蚓科(Enchytraeidae)和石蜈蚣目(Lithobiomorpha)为优势类群,常见类群11类。结果表明:(1)水平分布上,密度和生物量红松人工林最高,其次为硬阔叶林,蒙古栎林最少;类群数硬阔叶林最多,蒙古栎林最少;香农指数和丰富度指数均为蒙古栎林最高,红松人工林最低;优势度指数与两者相反;均匀度指数蒙古栎林最高,硬阔叶林最低;(2)垂直分布上,个体密度、类群数及生物量均差异显著(P < 0.001)。3个样地大型土壤动物个体密度表聚性明显;类群数红松人工林自凋落物层向下减少,硬阔叶林和蒙古栎林0-10 cm最多;生物量在0-10 cm土层最大;香农指数随深度增加而减小,优势度指数则相反;(3)在时间变化上,5月和10月个体密度和类群数较多,9月生物量最大;香农指数和优势度指数差异显著(P < 0.01),其他指数各月间无明显差异;(4)与土壤环境因子关系上,总有机碳含量与类群数、个体密度及生物量显著正相关,容重与香农指数显著负相关;典型对应分析结果表明,不同类群大型土壤动物与环境相关性不同。     

Individual size variation reduces spatial variation in abundance of tree community assemblage,not of tree populations

Research on individual trait variation has gained much attention because of its implication for ecosystem functions and community ecology. The effect of individual variation on population and community abundance (number of individuals) variation remains scarcely tested. Using two established ecological scaling laws (Taylor's law and abundance–size relationship), we derived a new scaling relationship between the individual size variation and spatial variation of abundance. Tested against multi‐plot tree data from Diaoluo Mountain tropical forest in Hainan, China, the new scaling relationship showed that individual size variation reduced the spatial variation of community assemblage abundance, but not of taxon‐specific population abundance. The different responses of community and population to individual variation were reflected by the validity of the abundance–size relationship. We tested and confirmed this scaling framework using two measures of individual tree size: aboveground biomass and diameter at breast height. Using delta method and height‐diameter allometry, we derived the analytic relation of scaling exponents estimated under different individual size measures. In addition, we used multiple regression models to analyze the effect of taxon richness on the relationship between individual size variation and spatial variation of population or community abundance, for taxon‐specific and taxon‐mixed data, respectively. This work offers empirical evidence and a scaling framework for the negative effect of individual trait variation on spatial variation of plant community. It has implications for forest ecosystem and management where the role of individual variation in regulating population or community spatial variation is important but understudied.     

准噶尔盆地啮齿动物群落多样性与物种变化的分析

对准噶尔盆地的抽样调查,经聚类分析,该地区的鼠类可划分为4种群落：(1)以灰仓鼠（Cricetulus migratourius）+小家鼠（Mus musculus）为主的农田鼠类群落;(2)以红尾沙鼠（Meriones erythrourus）+灰仓鼠为主的砾石荒漠鼠类群落;(3)以褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）+小家鼠为主的城镇居民点鼠类群落;(4)以子午沙鼠（M.meridianus）+三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）为主的梭梭荒漠鼠类群落。其群落多样性指数以群落(4)为最高（1.671）,群落(3)最低（0.979）。随着人类经济活动的增长,荒漠被大量开垦为农田,以及新兴市镇的涌现,使得原来以沙鼠属（Meriones）和跳鼠科（Dipodidae）为主要成分的荒漠鼠类群落逐渐被喜潮湿的灰仓鼠和小家鼠所替代,有些地区还出现了以褐家鼠为主的新格局。     

高黎贡山自然保护区大型土壤动物群落特征

系统调查了高黎贡山国家自然保护区土壤性质与土壤动物的种类与分布.海拔高度决定土壤的性质,土壤温度、湿度、有机质含量和磷的含量与海拔有明显的相关.在不同海拔11个样地共采集到大型土壤动物标本1万余号,分属于2个门,5纲,18目,47科,13亚科.等翅目Isoptera、膜翅目Hymenoptera和弹尾目Collembola昆虫是主要类群,随着海拔高度的增加,土壤动物数量和种类,以及Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数都是先增加然后减少.在海拔1500～2500 m左右数量最多,然后递减,土壤动物的分布以中山部最多而山顶部和底部较少的变化趋势.土壤动物的分布受海拔和土壤性质的影响.     

宁夏第三排水沟底泥细菌群落结构特征和空间分布

【背景】微生物对环境有指示作用,微生物群落组成是水环境的研究热点之一。【目的】探究宁夏第三排水沟底泥细菌群落结构及空间分布。【方法】在底泥理化性质分析的基础上,采用MiSeq PE300测序平台对沟道及主要支流共11个采样点的表层底泥细菌进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序。【结果】三排底泥呈弱碱性,底泥有机碳、全氮、全磷、氨氮和硝态氮等理化指标存在空间差异。平罗县段底泥有机碳、全氮和全磷均低于贺兰县和惠农区;下游惠农区段底泥细菌的物种丰富度和多样性明显高于上游贺兰县段,十二分沟与干流差异较明显。三排底泥优势细菌菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,24.41%–44.40%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,5.46%-17.55%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,9.12%–21.21%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,6.96%–13.10%)、热脱硫杆菌门(Thermodesulfobacteria,3.40%-12.20%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,3.31%–14.61%)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria, 2.00%-9.77%)。...     

弃管杉木林杉木数量与群落物种多样性间的关系

森林群落物种多样性格局和动态一直是生态学的研究热点,人工林弃管后演替进程中物种多样性变化也很值得研究。杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)作为我国南方林区人工栽培最广、经济价值最高的用材树种之一,其人工林分布面积很大,通常群落结构简单、物种多样性低,然而群落中杉木数量如何影响植物物种多样性,迄今缺乏研究。在浙江省自然保护区内,选择不同疏伐强度和弃管时间的杉木人工林,建立了6个1 hm~2长期动态监测样地,在10 m×10 m、20 m×20 m、50 m×50 m和100 m×100 m尺度下,探究群落物种多样性(物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数)的变化规律,分析杉木数量(多度和相对多度)对物种多样性的影响。结果显示：弃管前对杉木林的疏伐强度越高,演替恢复后的群落物种多样性越高。相同疏伐程度下,物种多样性随演替时间的延长有先升高后降低的趋势。取样尺度小于100 m×100 m时,杉木数量与物种多样性呈极显著负相关;100 m×100 m尺度下仅杉木相对多度与3种多样性指数呈显著负相关,杉木多度与各物种多样性均无显...     

洞庭湖区洪灾淹没区鼠类群落结构恢复的生态过程

在 1998年特大洪灾中被淹没 3个多月的湖南省安乡县安造大垸 ,经退水后连续 3a的观察 ,揭示了洪涝灾害对鼠类群落结构的影响以及群落演替或恢复的过程。当地的优势种黑线姬鼠是洪灾后农田区残留的主要鼠种 ,但密度极低 ;房舍区则以中型鼠褐家鼠与黄胸鼠为主 ,并保持较高的密度。在农田 ,灾后近 2 a时间内都仅捕获黑线姬鼠 ,而农房的鼠种组成很快变成与未被淹地区相似 ,不同的是在未被淹地区小家鼠的比例比灾区高。比较灾区与对照区群落的鼠种组成、群落优势度及优势集中性指数、群落的多样性与均匀性指数、群落相似性系数 ,发现随着群落的演替 ,灾区鼠群落逐步地与对照区趋于一致 ;仅有灾区的害鼠密度例外 ,仍维持在较高水平。由于房屋的顶层或楼房的 2层以上部分 ,在洪灾中未被淹没而成为害鼠的避难地 ,因此洪涝灾害对房舍区鼠群落结构的破坏比农田区的小 ,这从灾后的鼠密度和结构的变化可知 ,也是房舍区鼠类群落的恢复速度比农田区快的原因     

抚仙湖超微型浮游藻类群落结构空间分布特征

2016年7月对抚仙湖进行采样调查,研究抚仙湖超微型浮游藻类（超微藻）的空间分布特征及关键影响因子。结果表明,抚仙湖超微藻平均丰度为（8.58±3.25）×10³个/mL,其中超微蓝藻丰度显著高于超微真核藻。超微藻丰度在沿岸带较高,敞水区相对较低,北部最深点低于南部最深点;垂直方向上,超微藻丰度在水下10 m处达到最大值,随着深度的增加丰度逐渐下降。通过方差膨胀因子分析和建模得到超微藻丰度和环境因子的相关关系,水体的浊度、pH以及总磷对超微真核藻丰度有显著影响,而超微蓝藻的丰度主要是受到总磷的影响。结合流式细胞分选和高通量测序得到了抚仙湖超微真核藻的群落结构特征,主要是金藻纲、硅藻纲、甲藻纲等,其中金藻纲占绝对优势。在空间上,不同湖区和不同深度超微真核藻的群落组成也存在差异：表层水体以金藻纲、硅藻纲、甲藻纲为主;而在深层水体中超微真核藻的多样性降低,金藻纲为优势种。超微藻作为贫营养湖泊初级生产力的主要贡献者,对其组成和分布的研究有助于更全面的认识抚仙湖生态系统结构和功能。     

淹水培养过程中水稻土细菌丰度与群落结构变化

水稻土是非常复杂又典型的生态系统, 分析淹水培养过程中水稻土细菌的丰度和群落结构变化规律, 可以客观反映水稻土中细菌群落结构信息, 为深入探讨水稻土细菌微生物对稻田的影响和在生态系统中的作用(营养元素转换、重金属还原与抑制甲烷生成过程等)提供实验基础与理论依据。作者采用淹水非种植水稻土微环境模式系统, 提取水稻土淹水培养1 h和1、5、10、20、30、40、60 d后的微生物总DNA, 利用Real-time PCR和PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)技术检测了淹水培养过程中细菌丰度与群落结构的变化。结果表明: 淹水水稻土中细菌的丰度在1 d时最大, 并在40 d到达第二个峰值, 说明淹水过程改变了细菌的丰度。基于16S rRNA基因V3区的DGGE图谱分析显示, 淹水过程中细菌的群落结构发生了演替性变化: r-策略生存的细菌仅存在于淹水初期; k-策略生存的细菌存在于淹水后期; r-和k-策略共生存的细菌存在于整个淹水过程中, 淹水后期k-策略的细菌占据优势。淹水培养过程中优势种群多样性指数大体呈现先上升后减小的趋势。主成分分析(PCA)将淹水处理过程分成几类不同的生境, 反映出中、后期细菌群落结构较为稳定; 测序结果表明, 32个优势条带所代表的细菌分别属于厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门, 且与来自不同地域的水稻土、其他类型土壤、活性污泥以及湖泊沉积物等生态系统的细菌关系密切。     

晋西土石山区森林次生演替过程中群落结构及复杂性

在晋西黄土高原中阳县土石山区阴坡地段,选择4种典型群落次生演替阶段样地,研究了森林次生演替过程中群落结构和群落复杂性的变化规律.结果表明,群落演替过程中,群落高度级结构及径级结构呈现明显的变化规律,高大个体在群落中所占比例逐渐增加,低高度级和小径级个体数量则呈先增加后减少的趋势.按高度级结构计算的群落树种组成复杂性H(X)、层次结构复杂性H(Y|X)、群落总体复杂性H(X,Y)均呈先增加后减小的趋势:H(X)指数值在演替初期阶段为2.96,演替中期增加到3.85,至乔木林阶段又降低为3.75;H(Y|X)指数值演替初期为1.27,演替中期增加为1.66,至乔木林阶段则为1.37.     

张广才岭温带次生针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征

为了研究温带次生针阔混交林的树种组成和群落结构特征,于2010年在吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局建立了面积为21.84 hm2(420 m×520 m)的固定样地。从物种组成、种-面积曲线、植物区系特征、径级分布结构和空间分布格局等方面分析了该地区针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征。研究结果表明该样地共有DBH≥1.0 cm的木本植物活立木个体25,908株,隶属于18科27属45种,植株密度为1186株/hm2。植物区系以北温带分布属为主体,共有37属,占总数的82.22%,属长白山植物区系。样地内稀有种18种,偶见种14种。通过对该样地物种多样性计算得出,该样地Margalef多样性指数R、ShannonWienner指数H'、Simpson多样性指数D和物种均匀度Pielou指数Jsw分别为4.31、2.48、0.89和0.65。样地中所有个体的径级分布(以2cm等级排列)呈偏倒"J"形,整体更新良好,表现出群落稳定与生长状况良好的趋势。群落中重要值3的9个物种的径级结构表现出一定的差异:胡桃楸、水曲柳呈近似正态分布,表现为中径木个体数量多,而小径木和大径木个体数量少的特点;春榆、大果榆、色木槭、白牛槭、裂叶榆等物种呈倒"J"型或偏倒"J"型,更新良好;而红松由于受到了严重的人为干扰,天然更新不良,径级结构呈现不规律型。通过g(r)双变量函数分析9个优势树种空间分布格局可知,9个优势树种均表现出聚集分布,聚集强度随着尺度的增大而降低。在r20 m的小尺度上物种聚集强度随尺度增大急剧降低,当尺度超过20 m后聚集强度趋于稳定。     

深圳湾潮间带1995-2010年大型底栖动物群落的时空变化

本文根据1995-2010年在深圳湾潮间带5条断面采集的大型底栖动物数据,分析了群落的物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数(H)、丰度指数(d)和多变量海洋底栖生物指数(M-AMBI)的时空变化.结果表明,物种数、多样性指数、丰度指数和多变量海洋底栖生物指数存在明显的空间差异,即距离深圳河口越近,大型底栖动物物种数越少,多样性指数、丰度指数和多变量海洋底栖生物指数越低.空间差异还体现在越靠近深圳河口的取样断面,大个体物种,如羽须鳃沙蚕(Dendronereis pinnaticirris)和腺带刺沙蚕(Neanthes glandicincta)的栖息密度越低,而小个体、生命周期短的小头虫(Capitella capitata)和寡毛类动物栖息密度所占的比例越高,丰度生物量比较(abundance biomass comparison,简称ABC)法证实了深圳湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落的空间差异.造成这种差异的原因推测是由于深圳市人口的增加和工、农业的发展,排入深圳河的污水量增加,导致距离深圳河越近,有机质含量越高.大型底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数、丰度指数、多变量海洋底栖生物指数的年和季节变化各不相同,没有明显的变化趋势.     

中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

2006年7-8月、12月-2007年2月、2007年4-5月、2007年10-12月,对中国近海进行了4个航次生物、化学和水文等专业综合调查.根据采集的浮游动物样品分析鉴定结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落结构、种类组成及优势种的季节变化进行研究.结果表明,中国近海浮游动物有1330种,隶属于7门19大类群,浮游幼体47类,其中,节肢动物为最优势类群,有782种,占58.80％,其次为刺胞动物,有324种,占24.36％.在浮游动物群落结构中,4个海区均以桡足类和水母类的种类和数量占绝对优势.中国近海4个海区浮游动物种类数有明显季节变化,渤海和黄海,浮游动物种类数夏、秋季多于春、冬季;东海和南海,浮游动物种类数春、夏季多于秋、冬季.中国近海浮游动物群落大体可划分为6个主要生态类群:近岸低盐类群、低温高盐类群、高温高盐类群、低温广盐类群、高温广盐类群和广温广盐类群.结合同步调查的其它生物、水文、化学环境参数的分析结果,对中国近海浮游动物群落种类丰度与环境因子进行生物与环境变量关系分析,结果表明,浮游动物群落结构与水温、盐度、水深、溶解氧、硝酸盐和pH存在明显相关关系.水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落结构最重要的两个环境因子.     

Scale-related patterns in the spatial and environmental components of stream macroinvertebrate assemblage variation

Aim We examined the relative contributions of spatial gradients and local environmental conditions to macroinvertebrate assemblages of boreal headwater streams at three hierarchical extents: bioregion, ecoregion and drainage system. We also aimed to identify the environmental variables most strongly related to assemblage structure at each study scale, and to assess how the importance of these variables is related to regional context and spatial structuring at different scales. Location Northern Finland ( 62 – 68° N, 25–32° E). Methods Variation in macroinvertebrate data was partitioned using partial canonical correspondence analysis into components explained by spatial variables (nine terms from the cubic trend surface regression), local environmental variables (15 variables) and spatially structured environmental variation. Results The strength of the relationship between assemblage structure and local environmental variables increased with decreasing spatial extent, whereas assemblage variation related to spatial variables and spatially structured environmental variation showed the opposite pattern. At the largest extents, spatial variation was related to latitudinal gradients, whereas spatial autocorrelation among neighbouring streams was the likely mechanism creating spatial structure within drainage systems. Only stream size and water acidity were consistently important in explaining assemblage structure at all study scales, while the importance of other environmental variables was more context‐dependent. Main conclusions The importance of local environmental factors in explaining macroinvertebrate assemblage structure increases with decreasing spatial extent. This scale‐related pattern is not caused solely by changes in study extent, however, but also by variable sample sizes at different regional extents. The importance of environmental gradients is context‐dependent and few factors are likely to be universally important correlates of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure. Finally, our results suggest that bioassessment should give due attention to spatial structuring of stream assemblages, because important assemblage gradients may not only be related to local factors but also to biogeographical constraints and neighbourhood dispersal processes.     

烟叶陈化过程细菌群落演替特征

仓储生态因子和烟叶化学成分的改变直接影响烟叶微生物群落结构和功能。以储存在贵阳库(GY)、坛厂库(TC)及紫云库(ZY)的云南保山C3F烟叶为研究对象,对不同陈化时间(0、6、12、18、24个月)的烟叶样品提取微生物总DNA,利用Illumina Hi Seq平台对细菌的16S rRNA V4区进行高通量测序,并结合主要化学成分分析,以期揭示烟叶陈化过程中细菌群落演替规律及其与烟叶化学成分间的作用关系。研究结果表明,烟叶细菌群落以假单胞菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、寡养单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属为优势属;随陈化时间的增加,细菌优势群落呈现出变形菌门和厚壁菌门间消长变化的趋势,陈化后期芽孢杆菌(厚壁菌门)优势度明显增强;烟叶陈化过程中,细菌优势功能群变化与化学成分逐级降解间呈显著的相关关系,主要表现为由降解糖类菌群向降解淀粉类菌群,再向降解纤维素类菌群变化的趋势;其中,影响菌群演替的关键因素是水溶性总糖和纤维素。研究结果揭示了在烟叶陈化过程中存在显著的细菌群落演替特征,加深了对烟叶陈化机制的理解,为微生物调控烟叶陈化过程提供了科学依据。