无芽胞厌氧菌、Fas蛋白表达与胃癌相关性的研究

目的探讨无芽胞厌氧菌、Fas蛋白在胃癌及癌旁组织的表达情况及其临床意义。方法无芽胞厌氧菌的检测采用微生物分类鉴定系统中API20A测定方法,Fas蛋白的检测采用免疫组化SP法,分别检测了57例胃癌组织,57例癌旁组织,20例正常胃黏膜组织中微生物的变化及Fas蛋白表达。结果胃癌组织与癌旁组织的无芽胞厌氧菌检出情况不同。胃癌组织检出的主要为革兰阳性无芽胞厌氧菌(优杆菌、丙酸杆菌和消化链球菌等),占检出菌株的6486%(48/74),其中硝酸盐还原试验阳性菌株为5946%(44/74)。癌旁组织检出的主要为革兰阴性无芽胞厌氧菌(类杆菌、梭杆菌、紫单胞菌和韦荣球菌),占检出细菌的5714%(24/42),硝酸盐还原试验阳性菌株为1667%(7/42)。胃癌组织中Fas蛋白表达的阳性率为3509%(20/57),癌旁组织为7018%(40/57),正常胃黏膜为8500%(17/20),胃癌组织与癌旁组织、正常胃黏膜组织Fas蛋白的表达比较,差异均有非常显著性(P<001)。结论胃癌组织与癌旁组织的无芽胞厌氧菌检出情况不同。胃癌组织检出的主要为革兰阳性无芽胞厌氧菌。胃癌组织Fas蛋白水平的表达与癌旁组织、正常胃黏膜组织Fas蛋白的表达比较,差异均有非常显著性(P<001),对阐明胃癌的发生机制、预后和转移均有重要意义。     

胃癌患者胃粘膜无芽胞厌氧菌分析及药物敏感试验

对98例具有消化不良症状的患者做胃镜检查,取胃粘膜组织进行细菌分离培养,结果表明,不同的消化道疾病,胃粘膜微生物群均发生不同的改变,其中胃癌患者改变最明显,胃内微生物检出率最高,无芽胞厌氧菌检出率87.88％（29／33）,其中产亚硝酸优杆菌检出率为57.60％（19／33）,硝酸盐还原试验阳性菌株占72.70％（24／33）。这些细菌和胃癌的关系有待深入研究。对19株产亚硝酸优杆菌做药物敏感试验,结果显示,该菌对青霉素类药物均耐药,对氯霉素,红霉素,庆大霉素敏感。     

腹膜炎患者临床标本中无芽孢厌氧菌的分离和鉴定

120例急性腹膜炎患者临床标本中的无芽孢厌氧菌检出率高达65.8%(79/120),其中以脆弱类杆菌检出率最高(15.8%),检出率较高的其它无芽孢厌氧菌依次为产生消化链球菌(11.7%)、多毛类杆菌(10.8%)和不解糖消化链球菌(10.0%).实验结果表明,无芽孢厌氧菌是急性腹膜炎的重要病原菌.     

胃癌患者胃粘膜微生物群改变的初步研究

对１０２例具有消化不良症状的患者做胃镜检查,并取胃粘膜组织进行细菌的分离培养。结果表明,不同的消化道疾病,胃粘膜微生物群均发生不同的改变。其中胃癌患者改变最明显,胃内微生物检出率最高,幽门螺杆菌检出率为５２９４％（１８／３４）,无芽胞厌氧菌检出率为８８２４％（３０／３４）,其中产亚硝酸优杆菌检出率为５５８８％（１９／３４）,硝酸盐还原试验阳性菌株占７０５９％（２４／３４）。     

5—硝基咪唑类药物体外抗无芽孢厌氧菌效果的观察

从多种临床标本中分离并鉴定了200株无芽孢厌氧菌.赛克硝唑(SNZ)、替硝唑(TNZ)和甲硝唑(MNZ)对120株革兰氏阴性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为1～4,1～2和4～8 mg/L,对80株革兰氏阳性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为4～8,4～16和16～32 mg/L.SNZ体外抑制革兰氏阴性厌氧菌作用略弱于TNZ,但抑制革兰氏阳性无厌氧菌较TNZ稍强,MNZ对两类厌氧菌的抑制效果均不如SNZ和TNZ.     

金定鸭盲肠内厌氧菌群的初步研究

本文应用不同的培养基和培养方法对金定鸭盲肠内厌氧菌进行了分离和初步鉴定,结果说明:采用不同厌氧方法对厌氧菌的分离计数具有一定的影响;金定鸭盲肠内厌氧菌群主要有革兰氏阳性无芽孢杆菌、革兰氏阴性无芽孢杆菌、厌氧球菌和梭菌,其中有一株厌氧菌对氧的存在极为敏感。本文中强调了严格遵守厌氧培养和操作条件的重要性。     

丙酸杆菌属中的一个新种

从沼气发酵液中,分离出几株丙酸菌。该菌为革兰氏阳性、不形成芽孢的兼性厌氧菌。厌氧培养在BPYL培养基上细胞为球形;在BPY培养基上细胞则为杆状。能利用20多种糖和醇产酸,产生丙酸和乙酸。水解七叶苷,还原硝酸盐,过氧化氢酶阳性,不液化明胶,不产生吲哚。不利用D-阿拉伯糖和木糖产酸。该菌株属于丙酸杆菌属中的一个新种,定名为北京丙酸杆菌 Propionibacterium beijingense sp nov。     

胃癌组织中MMP-7和TIMP-1的表达及意义

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)及其组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)与胃癌发生发展的关系.方法:采用免疫组化技术检测46例胃癌组织和相应癌旁组织中MMP-7和TIMP-1的表达,结合病人临床病理资料进行综合分析.结果:胃癌组织中MMP-7阳性表达率(60.87%)显著高于相应癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其表达与淋巴结转移(P<0.05)相关.胃癌组织中TIMP-1的阳性表达率(93.48%)明显高于相应癌旁组织(63.04%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其表达与淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05).结论:MMP-7与胃癌的侵袭转移有关,TIMP-1有可能成为评价胃癌恶性生物学行为的指标.     

由原油及其制品生产细菌胞外多糖的研究——Ⅰ.菌株74-230的鉴定

从南京炼油厂的油污土样中分离出一株革兰氏阳性、无芽孢、无分枝、不运动、不抗酸、能从原油或其制品大量合成胞外多糖的杆菌。在培养过程中,形态无明显的周期性变化。在营养琼脂平板上培养,菌落圆形,微凸起,淡粉至浅桔红色,表面光滑、润泽,边缘整齐。该菌还原硝酸盐为亚硝酸盐,不液化明胶,石蕊牛奶还原,由葡萄糖氧化产酸,由乳糖不产酸。DNA 中G-C 含量在 SSC 系统中为63.12±2.02克分子%。经鉴定为一新种,由于它具有合成胞外多糖的能力,把它定名为产粘短杆菌74-230(Brevibacterium viscogenes nvo.sp.74-230)。     

膀胱癌组织中CXCR4 和CXCR7 的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨膀胱癌组织中趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)和趋化因子受体7(CXCR7)的表达及临床意义。方法:收集2012年1月至2014年1月我院收集的膀胱癌组织标本96例,肿瘤旁正常组织标本42例,采用免疫组化方法检测组织标本中CXCR4和CXCR7的表达情况。结果:96例癌组织中检出CXCR4阳性59例,阳性率为61.46%,检出CXCR7阳性表达71例,阳性率为73.96%;42例癌旁组织中检出CXCR4阳性11例,阳性率26.19%,检出CXCR7阳性8例,阳性率为19.05%,癌组织与癌旁组织中CXCR4和CXCR7的表达具有统计学差异(均P0.05);相关性分析显示在膀胱癌组织中,CXCR4和CXCR7的表达呈正相关性(r=0.497,P=0.001);CXCR4和CXCR7在浸润性高(T2-T3)的膀胱癌和分化程度低(G2-G3)的膀胱癌表达强度较高,且差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:CXCR4和CXCR7协同参与了膀胱癌的发生发展,并且与肿瘤的分化程度和浸润程度密切相关,有望成为诊断和治疗的重要靶点,在临床应用上具有重要意义。     

老年人胃内菌群研究

目的研究人体胃内菌群,探讨老年与非老年人胃内菌群的差异。方法选择67例无严重胃肠道疾病的患者为研究对象。其中男性50例、女性17例。年龄≥60岁53例,〈60岁14例。胃镜下取胃组织及胃液,测胃液pH,并做胃组织需氧、厌氧细菌培养及真菌培养,计数胃组织细菌培养数量。16SrRNA法鉴定胃组织细菌种类。真菌的鉴定按微生物科常规菌种方法鉴定。结果老年人中胃内需氧细菌培养阳性为23例（48.93%）,12例（25.53%）胃内需氧菌培养〉1×10^5CFU/g;厌氧细菌培养阳性为22例（46.81%）,12例（25.53%）胃内厌氧菌培养〉1×10^5CFU/g。非老年人中需氧细菌培养阳性为4例（28.57%）,1例（7.14%）胃内需氧菌培养〉1×10^5CFU/g;厌氧细菌培养阳性为4例（28.57%）,1例（7.14%）胃内厌氧菌培养〉1×10^5CFU/g。但老年人与非老年人比较,细菌培养阳性率及细菌培养〉1×10^5CFU/g的比率差异无显著性。仅1例老年人胃组织分离出真菌,为白色念珠菌。胃内共分离出细菌69株,其中革兰阳性球菌31株（44.93%）,革兰阳性杆菌12株（17.39%）,革兰阴性球菌11株（15.94%）,革兰阴性杆菌15株（21.74%）。需氧菌13株（18.84%）,需氧兼性厌氧菌54株（78.26%）,专性厌氧菌2株（2.90%）。老年人胃内常见的细菌是：链球菌、大肠埃希菌、奈瑟菌;非老年人胃内常见的细菌是：链球菌和大肠埃希菌。多为口咽部和胃肠道常见菌群,部分为条件致病菌。结论约46%～48%的老年人胃内细菌培养阳性,约25%的老年人有胃内细菌过度生长（〉1×10^5CFU/g）。约28%的非老年人胃内细菌培养阳性,约7%的非老年人有胃内细菌过度生长。老年人胃内菌群分布与非老年人相似,为口咽部和胃肠道常见菌群,部分为条件致病菌。     

新疆尉犁县黑湖嗜盐嗜碱菌的分离及系统发育学分析

【目的】从新疆尉犁县黑湖中筛选分离获得嗜盐嗜碱微生物,并对筛选获得的微生物进行种属鉴定。【方法】采用传统分离鉴定技术,进行形态和生理生化特性研究和基于16S r RNA基因的序列分析。【结果】从样品中分离获得可培养嗜盐嗜碱菌25株,对其进行鉴定。根据生理生化特征、16S r RNA基因序列测定和系统发育分析表明,25株菌分布在古菌Halorubrum、Haloarcula、Natrialba、Halohasta和Halopiger等5个属。其中优势菌群为Halorubrum,次优势菌群为Natrialba。其中DH-66(KU663028)属于Halopiger属,16S r RNA基因序列同源性与该属的模式菌株Halopiger aswanensis 56T同源性最高,为95.75%,预示为潜在的新种(新种鉴定将另行报道)。25株嗜盐嗜碱菌生长条件实验表明,这些菌适应Na Cl的浓度范围为15%-30%、最适浓度为20%-25%,生长的p H范围为7.0-13.0、最适p H为9.0-10.0。各种水解酶类的分析表明,在分离的25株菌中产淀粉酶的菌有5株占20%、产蛋白酶的菌有4株占16%、产酯酶可水解吐温20的菌有15株占60%、可水解吐温40的有7株占28%、可水解吐温80的有4株占16%、产过氧化氢酶的菌有14株占56%。9株菌同时能产4种酶,2株菌同时能产3种酶。表明了嗜盐嗜碱菌产酶的多样性。19株菌硝酸盐还原为阳性。【结论】揭示了新疆尉犁县黑湖嗜盐嗜碱菌生理生化特性的多样性和系统发育多样性,而且蕴藏着较丰富的新的微生物类群,亟待系统研究和进一步开发利用。     

Diversity of Ferrous Iron-Oxidizing,Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria and their Involvement in Oxygen-Independent Iron Cycling

In previous studies, three different strains (BrG1, BrG2, and BrG3) of ferrous iron-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria were obtained from freshwater sediments. All three strains were facultative anaerobes and utilized a variety of organic substrates and molecular hydrogen with nitrate as electron acceptor. In this study, analyses of 16S rDNA sequences showed that strain BrG1 was affiliated with the genus Acidovorax, strain BrG2 with the genus Aquabacterium, and strain BrG3 with the genus Thermomonas. Previously, bacteria similar to these three strains were detected with molecular techniques in MPN dilution series for ferrous iron-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria inoculated with different freshwater sediment samples. In the present study, further molecular analyses of these MPN cultures indicated that the ability to oxidize ferrous iron with nitrate is widespread amongst the Proteobacteria and may also be found among the Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content of DNA. Nitrate-reducing bacteria oxidized ferrous iron to poorly crystallized ferrihydrite that was suitable as an electron acceptor for ferric iron-reducing bacteria. Biologically produced ferrihydrite and synthetically produced ferrihydrite were both well suited as electron acceptors in MPN dilution cultures. Repeated anaerobic cycling of iron was shown in a coculture of ferrous iron-oxidizing bacteria and the ferric iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter bremensis. The results indicate that iron can be cycled between its oxidation states +II and +III by microbial activities in anoxic sediments.     

Use of the Etest method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes]

The aim of this study was to evaluate Etest usefulness for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes and to compare the activity of five antibacterial drugs against clinical strains of anaerobes. One hundred strains of obligate anaerobes were tested: 2 reference strains (B. fragilis ATCC 25285 and B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741) and 98 clinical strains isolated from patients of the Infant Jesus Clinical Hospital--Center for Trauma Treatment in Warsaw during the last three years (1997-1999). Strains of seven genera of obligate nonsporeforming anaerobes (Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium and Actinomyces) and strains of two sporeforming species (C. perfringens and C. difficile) were examined. The MIC values were determined by the gradient diffusion method Etest (AB BIODISK, Sweden). Wilkins-Chalgren solid medium supplemented with 5% of sheep blood was used. Test plates were incubated at 35 degrees C for 48 hours in glove-box (85% N2, 10% H2, 5% CO2). The MIC values for each strain and antimicrobial agent, and the MIC ranges for bacteria of the same species were established. Ten strains resistant to clindamycin, ten resistant to piperacillin, and ten resistant to imipenem were detected. Seven strains were resistant to metronidazole and two strains to piperacillin combined with tazobactam. Tazobactam restored the susceptibility of eight strains to piperacillin. Obtained results confirm that Etest method is useful for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes. Older (clindamycin and metronidazole) and newer (piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem) antimicrobial agents revealed high and comparable activity against clinical strains of obligate anaerobes. The percentage of strains susceptible to tested antimicrobials was > or = 90. These antimicrobials may be still useful in the empiric treatment of infections caused by medically important anaerobes.     

SNFYMPL荧光探针和共聚焦显微内镜在胃癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨荧光探针SNFYMPLGGGSK-FITC与胃癌组织的结合能力,预测其在胃癌诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集我院2015年6月至10月收治的48例胃癌患者手术切除的肿瘤和癌旁组织,使用异硫氰酸荧光素FITC标记的线性七肽SNFYMPL及无关序列肽探针对其冰冻切片进行荧光染色,通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜CLSM检测其结合能力,并与组织病理结果对比。结果:SNFYMPLGGGSK-FITC对胃癌组织荧光染色的阳性率为81.25%(39/48),明显优于无关序列肽探针的14.58%(7/48),差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。SNFYMPLGGGSK-FITC对癌旁组织荧光染色的阳性率为27.08%(13/48),明显低于对胃癌组织荧光染色阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论:FITC标记的SNFYMPL短肽探针与胃癌组织较强结合能力,图像组织分辨率好,可以作为共聚焦激光显微内镜在胃癌诊断的潜在靶向分子进一步研究。     

Uncovering the profile of somatic mtDNA mutations in Chinese colorectal cancer patients

In the past decade, a high incidence of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations has been observed, mostly based on a fraction of the molecule, in various cancerous tissues; nevertheless, some of them were queried due to problems in data quality. Obviously, without a comprehensive understanding of mtDNA mutational profile in the cancerous tissue of a specific patient, it is unlikely to disclose the genuine relationship between somatic mtDNA mutations and tumorigenesis. To achieve this objective, the most straightforward way is to directly compare the whole mtDNA genome variation among three tissues (namely, cancerous tissue, para-cancerous tissue, and distant normal tissue) from the same patient. Considering the fact that most of the previous studies on the role of mtDNA in colorectal tumor focused merely on the D-loop or partial segment of the molecule, in the current study we have collected three tissues (cancerous, para-cancerous and normal tissues) respectively recruited from 20 patients with colorectal tumor and completely sequenced the mitochondrial genome of each tissue. Our results reveal a relatively lower incidence of somatic mutations in these patients; intriguingly, all somatic mutations are in heteroplasmic status. Surprisingly, the observed somatic mutations are not restricted to cancer tissues, for the para-cancer tissues and distant normal tissues also harbor somatic mtDNA mutations with a lower frequency than cancerous tissues but higher than that observed in the general population. Our results suggest that somatic mtDNA mutations in cancerous tissues could not be simply explained as a consequence of tumorigenesis; meanwhile, the somatic mtDNA mutations in normal tissues might reflect an altered physiological environment in cancer patients.     

Anaerobic bacteria in clinical infections

The findings of 275 cultures from routine clinical specimens obtained from lesions in different sites of body, during a period of 11 months, are presented. The clinical specimens were obtained from surgical wounds, abdominal infections, orthopaedic operations, biliary tract infections and pleuropulmonary infections. The total number of positive cultures including both aerobes and anaerobes was 203 out of 275 (73.8%). Of the 38 cultures positive for anaerobes, 29 (76.3%) grew both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, while in nine (23.7%) cultures only anaerobes were found. A total of 42 strains of anaerobic bacteria were isolated. The majority of them were found in clinical specimens obtained from abdominal infections (62%), while a low percentage (3.6%) was found in specimens from orthopaedic operations. Strains belonging to the genus Bacteroides were the most frequently isolated anaerobes, accounting for 35.7% of the total, followed by Clostridia 28.5%, Peptostreptococci 23.8% and Prevotella 12%.     

Localization of Thymidine Phosphorylase in Advanced Gastric and Colorectal Cancer

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is known to be more concentrated in human cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissue based on findings using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. However, the ultrastructural localization of TP in cancer tissues has not previously been demonstrated. We investigated the localization of TP in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer tissue by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunoelectron microscopy. Between April 1997 and May 2000, we obtained surgically resected specimens from 42, 46, and 36 cases of advanced gastric, colon, and rectal cancer, respectively. ELISA demonstrated that the TP level was higher in cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissue. Immunohistochemically, cancer cells were positive for the enzyme in some cases. However, in a number of cases immunopositive inflammatory cells were also present in cancerous tissues. At the electron microscope level, TP was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and in the mitochondria of the neutrophil in gastric cancer tissue. In rectal cancer tissues, cytoplasmic granules in macrophages in cancer tissues were immunoreactive for the TP. These findings suggest that TP is produced by macrophages and exists in neutrophils and cancer cells.