Sequence of pig 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type3 cDNA and its expression in mammalian cells

17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) Type3 is an NADPH-dependent membrane-bound enzyme that is specifically expressed in testis and catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. To date, the sequence of Type3 enzymes has been clarified in humans, mice and rats; however, the sequence of the pig enzyme remains unknown. In this study, we determined the cDNA sequence of pig testicular 17beta-HSD Type3. PCR primers for partial pig testicular 17beta-HSD Type3 were designed from rat and human enzyme consensus sequences. Full-length cDNA was obtained by 3'- and 5'-RACE based on partial PCR products. The cDNA coding region was 933 bp in length, which is the same as the human enzyme, and shared 84.7% sequence identity with the human cDNA coding region. The monomer was estimated to have a molecular weight of 34,855 and to contain 310 amino acid residues. The predicted pig amino acid sequence showed 81.9, 75.5 and 72.9% sequence identity with the human, rat and mouse sequences, respectively. To elucidate 17beta-HSD Type3 activity, the expression vector pCMV/pig17beta-HSD3 was established and transfected into human embryo kidney 293 cells. Subsequently, 17beta-HSD activity (androstenedione conversion to testosterone) was strongly detected in cell lysates.     

Characterization of the cDNA coding for mouse prothrombin and localization of the gene on mouse chromosome 2

A series of overlapping cDNAs coding for mouse prothrombin (coagulation factor II) have been isolated and the composite DNA sequence has been determined. The complete prothrombin cDNA is 1,987 bp in length [excluding the poly(A) tail] and codes for 18 bp of 5' untranslated sequence, an open reading frame coding for 618 amino acids, a stop codon, and a 3' untranslated region of 112 bp followed by a poly(A) tail. The translated amino acid sequence predicts a molecular weight of 66,087, which includes 10 residues of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. There are five potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Mouse prothrombin is 81.4% and 77.3% identical to the human and bovine proteins, respectively. Comparison of the cDNA coding for mouse prothrombin to the human and bovine cDNAs indicates 79.9% and 76.5% identity, respectively. Amino acid residues important for the structure and function of human prothrombin are conserved in the mouse and bovine proteins. In the adult mouse and rat, prothrombin is primarily synthesized in the liver, where is constitutes 0.07% of total mRNA as determined by solution hybridization analysis. The genetic locus for mouse prothrombin, Cf-2, has been mapped using an interspecies backcross and DNA fragment differences between the two species. The prothrombin locus lies on mouse chromosome 2, 1.8 +/- 1.3 map units proximal to the catalase locus. The gene order in this region is Cen-Acra-Cf-2-Cas-1-A-Tel. This localization extends the proximal boundary of the known region of homology between mouse chromosome 2 and human chromosome 11p from Cas-1 about 2 map units toward the centromere.     

Cloning of cDNAs encoding human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and comparison with bovine IRBP sequences

We have determined the sequence of the human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein mRNA from three separately isolated cDNAs. The sequence is 4.28 kb long and encodes a protein of 1247 amino acids (aa) including a putative signal peptide and propeptide. The sequence is shorter (by about 1.67 kb) than the bovine mRNA with the major difference in the lengths located in the 3'-untranslated region. We suggest that this resulted from an insertion in the bovine gene or a large deletion from the human gene. The insertion/deletion is flanked on either side by sequences that are similar in the bovine and human sequences. Like the bovine polypeptide, the deduced protein sequence from the human cDNA contains a fourfold repeat, with each repeat containing about 300 aa. Among the four repeats, the identity is about 30-40%. The identity between the complete bovine and human polypeptide sequences is 84%. The identity between the nucleotide sequences is 83% (excluding the major insertion/deletion). Comparison with the bovine gene indicates that the human sequence may lack about 5-10 bp at the 5' end of the cDNA; it, however, includes a poly(A) tail at the 3' end. Thus, the human sequence is virtually full length, is similar to the bovine sequence, and contains a striking fourfold repeat.     

Assembly and characterization of canine heart endothelial nitric oxide synthase cDNA and 5'-flanking sequence by homology (RT-)PCR cloning.

A broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is studied in canine animal models, in which dysfunction or dysregulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) is of pivotal pathogenetic importance. To provide the tools for subsequent molecular analyses of ecNOS structure or function and to identify putative regulatory factors we isolated and characterized the canine heart ecNOS cDNA and putative regulatory (promoter) sequences. The complete coding sequence, 5'- plus part of 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) of ecNOS cDNA, and part of the 5'-flanking sequence (putative promoter region) were identified by homology (RT-)PCR cloning using canine heart total RNA or genomic DNA. Primer sequences were derived from bovine/human ecNOS cDNAs or genes. An ecNOS sequence contig of 5138 nucleotides length was established containing an open reading frame of 3618 nucleotides (1206 amino acids predicting a 133-kDa protein) and 253 bp 3'-UTR (distal to TGA codon)/1267 bp proximal to ATG codon (containing 5'-UTR and 5'-flanking sequences = putative promoter region). Comparison to human, bovine, murine, or porcine ecNOS sequences at the nucleotide or amino acid level yielded between 86 and 91% or 83 and 84% homologies, respectively. The canine ecNOS 5'-flanking sequence (putative promoter region) revealed stretches of homology up to 86% as compared to the human sequence containing a cluster of binding sites for several regulatory elements. The homology (RT-)PCR cloning strategy is presented as an alternative to common library cloning approaches. The obtained canine ecNOS sequence might serve to further analyze the structure, regulated function (promoter region consensus sites), and expression of ecNOS in different pathophysiological conditions and in other species (GenBank Accession No. BankIt264069 AF143503).     

Sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases

The nucleotide sequences of the cloned human salivary and pancreatic α-amylase cDNAs correspond to the continuous mRNA sequences of 1768 and 1566 nucleotides, respectively. These include all of the amino acid coding regions. Salivary cDNA contains 200 bp in the 5′-noncoding region and 32 in the 3′-noncoding region. Pancreatic cDNA contains 3 and 27 bp of 5′- and 3′-noncoding regions, respectively. The nucleotide sequence humology of the two cDNAs is 96% in the coding region, and the predicted amino acid sequences are 94% homologous.Comparison of the sequences of human α-amylase cDNAs with those previously obtained for mouse α-amylase genes (Hagenbuchle et al., 1980; Schibler et al., 1982) showed the possibility of gene conversion between the two genes of human α-amylase.     

Primary structure of mouse tyrosine hydroxylase deduced from its cDNA.

The cDNAs for tyrosine hydroxylase were cloned from a mouse brain cDNA library by plaque hybridization. Since the longest cDNA clone lacked approximately 150 bp sequence of its N-terminal region, additional 5' region was obtained using polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequence determination of cDNAs revealed that mouse tyrosine hydroxylase m-RNA encodes 498 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 55,990. The amino acid sequence of mouse tyrosine hydroxylase is highly homologous to rat (97%) and human (92%) enzymes.     

Primary amino acid sequence of bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase

Fifty-eight tryptic and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease generated peptides from bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase were isolated by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and sequenced. These peptide sequences were compared with the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine and human dopamine beta-hydroxylase obtained from the cloned cDNAs. Bovine peptide sequences had five differences with the sequence derived from the bovine cDNA, and four of the changes could be accounted for by a single base change in the DNA. N-terminal sequence analysis of the bovine enzyme indicated that it contained two N termini, one of which is 3 amino acids longer than the other and begins with the sequence Ser-Ala-Pro. The amino acid sequences deduced from the bovine and human cDNAs are 19 and 25 amino acids longer, respectively, and these additional amino acids represent leader peptide sequences. Two bovine peptide sequences contained glycosylation sites and gave positive tests for carbohydrate residues, and two others contained the consensus sequence for a glycosylation site but were negative in the carbohydrate test. The bovine enzyme contains 6 Trp, as compared with 7 in the bovine cDNA and 8 in the human cDNA. The protein and bovine cDNA contain 24 Tyr each, as compared with 26 in the human cDNA. These numbers indicate that the true epsilon 1% 280 = 8.95, and, therefore, that it is 28% lower than the previously determined value. The data also identify 5 His-containing regions that may be involved in Cu2+ coordination at the active site.     

Feline cytokines TNFα AND IL‐1β: PCR cloning and sequencing of cDNA

Abstract

Using oligonucleotide primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cDNAs for feline cytokines TNFα and IL‐1β were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The cDNA for PCR amplification was prepared from mRNA derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated feline bone marrow derived macrophages. PCR was performed using sets of oligonucleotide primers designed to specifically amplify cDNAs for IL‐1β or TNFα. PCR fragments were cloned into pGEM 3ZF(‐) or pCR 1000 vectors, sequenced and consensus nucleotide sequences reported.

The cDNA for feline TNFα had a 98.6% match with coding regions of a genomic clone for feline TNFα which was recently reported (McGraw, 1990). The two feline TNFα clones differ by 8 nucleotide base pair (bp) changes which result in 5 amino acid differences in the predicted protein sequence. A search of GenBank and EMBL determined that the feline TNFα cDNA consensus sequence had a 90, 86, 85, 82 and 83 percent overall match with human, porcine, ovine, mouse and goat TNFα cDNAs, respectively. The protein‐coding sequence for feline TNFα from start to stop codon is 702 bp in length and encodes a predicted protein of 233 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 25,446 daltons (precursor form of secreted form of TNFα).

The protein‐coding sequence for feline IL‐1β is 804 bp long and encodes a predicted protein of 267 amino acids with a molecular weight of 31,892 daltons (precursor form of secreted IL‐1β). The feline IL‐1β cDNA consensus sequence had an overall match of 79, 76, 77.5 and 77 percent with IL‐1β cDNA from human, bovine, rabbit and murine species, respectively.     

一种新的短链脱氢/还原酶家族新成员:NADP(H)-依赖的视黄醇脱氢酶基因的克隆和分析

从牛的肝脏中快速抽提总RNA,根据GenBank已发表NADP(H)-依赖的视黄醇脱氢酶基因(NRDR)的cDNA序列,设计并合成特异引物,利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法和反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR),得到牛肝内的NRDR cDNA的全长序列。经测序证实,牛肝NRDR的全长cDNA序列为1266bp,其开放读码框架在24～806bp,编码260个氨基酸(GenBank登录号：AF487454)。根据NRDR基因推导出的氨基酸序列与人、鼠、兔有高度同源性,并含有SDR超家族成员的两个高度保守的模序,在其C-端含有过氧化物酶体的靶向序列为SHL。结果表明,牛的NRDR应属于过氧化物酶体内SDR超家族成员并在维甲酸合成的限速步骤起作用的酶,也为维甲酸合成的传统通路提供一个补充。     

The complete cDNA sequence of bovine coagulation factor V.

Lack of availability of a primary structure for bovine factor V has hindered detailed analysis of a vast majority of structure-function correlations on this molecule. To determine the primary structure of bovine factor V, we used liver mRNA as a template for the synthesis of three cDNA libraries. The sequences of seven overlapping cDNA clones infer two bovine factor V variants. Variant 1 results in a 6910-basepair (bp) cDNA including 103 bp of 5'-untranslated sequence, 6633 bp of coding sequence and 171 bp of 3'-untranslated sequence with a putative polyadenylation site. Variant 2 differs only in the size of the coding sequence (6618 bp). The open reading frame translates to factor V consisting of 2211 (or 2206) amino acids including a 28-amino acid signal peptide. Comparison of the amino acid sequences with human factor Va reveals 84% identity for the heavy and 86% for the light chains. In contrast, the B domain (connecting region) exhibits only 59% identity relative to the human molecule. The bovine B domain contains two repeats of a 14-amino acid structure that is contained only once in the human sequence. Bovine factor V lacks one of the nine amino acid repeats and one of the 17 amino acid repeats present in the human B domain. Factor V has little homology to the factor VIII molecule in the B domain. The 17-amino acid repeat missing in bovine factor V allows identification of an 18-amino acid sequence that is homologous to the B domain of human factor VIII. These 18 amino acids may either constitute the unique vestige of a divergent evolution between the B domains of factors V and VIII or reveal the convergent evolution toward a critical epitope involved in the activation of both procofactors.     

Nitric oxide synthase sequences in the marine fish Stenotomus chrysops and the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata, and phylogenetic analysis of nitric oxide synthase calmodulin-binding domains

The phylogenetic distribution and structural diversity of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS) remain important and issues that are little understood. We present sequence information, as well as phylogenetic analysis, for three NOS cDNAs identified in two non-mammalian species: the vertebrate marine teleost fish Stenotomus chrysops (scup) and the invertebrate echinoderm Arbacia punctulata (sea urchin). Partial gene sequences containing the well-conserved calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain were amplified by RT-PCR. Identical 375-bp cDNAs were amplified from scup brain, heart, liver and spleen; this sequence shares 82% nucleic acid and 91% predicted amino acid identity with the corresponding region of human neuronal NOS. A 387-bp cDNA was amplified from sea urchin ovary and testes; this sequence shares 72% nucleic acid identity and 65% deduced amino acid identity with human neuronal NOS. A second cDNA of 381 bp was amplified from sea urchin ovary and it shares 66% nucleic acid and 57% deduced amino acid identity with the first sea urchin sequence. Together with earlier reports of neuronal and inducible NOS sequences in fish, these data indicate that multiple NOS isoforms exist in non-mammalian species. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirms the conserved nature of NOS, particularly of the calmodulin-binding domains.