马兜铃属一新植物

<正> 角叶马兜铃 新种(图1) Aristolochia triangulifolia W. Yu, sp. nov. Species A. tubiflorae Dunn similis, sed follis longitriangulatis vol longe ovato-triangu latis, 6—15 cm longis, 3—7 cm latis, lobis stigmatis longitriangulatis, verrucosis, lobis gynanadrii undulato-annularibus, intense verrucosis differt.     

不同施氮量下灌水量对小麦耗水特性和氮素分配的影响

研究了不同施氮量条件下灌水量对高产小麦耗水特性和氮素分配利用的影响。设置4个施氮水平:0kg·hm-2(N0)、120kg·hm-2(N1)、210kg·hm-2(N2)和300kg·hm-2(N3),在每个施氮水平下设置4个灌水量处理:不浇水(W0)、底墒水+拔节水(W1)、底墒水+拔节水+开花水(W2)、底墒水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W3),每次灌水量60mm。结果表明:(1)在N0水平下W0处理日耗水量以拔节至开花期最高,在N1水平下,拔节至开花期日耗水量与开花至成熟期的无显著差异。同一施氮水平下,小麦开花后总耗水量、耗水模系数和日耗水量随灌水量的增加而提高,但产量随灌水量的增加先升高后降低。(2)同一施氮水平下,成熟期W1处理20—140cm各土层土壤含水量低于W2和W3处理,140—200cm土层土壤含水量与W2处理无显著差异;W1处理0—40cm土层土壤硝态氮含量及植株氮素在籽粒中的分配比例高于W2和W3处理,100—140cm土层土壤硝态氮含量及植株氮素在营养器官中的分配量和分配比例低于W2和W3处理。表明灌溉底墒水和拔节水的W1处理,促进了小麦对20—140cm土层土壤水的吸收利用,减少了土壤硝态氮向100cm以下土层的淋溶,而且有利于营养器官中氮素向籽粒的再分配,水分和氮素利用效率较高。(3)在试验条件下,施纯氮210kg·hm-2、灌溉底墒水和拔节水的N2W1处理,籽粒产量最高,水分利用效率和氮素利用效率较高,可供生产中参考。     

不同水分条件对冬小麦根系时空分布、土壤水利用和产量的影响

为了明确华北严重缺水区晚播冬小麦灌水对根系时空分布和土壤水分利用规律的影响,以冬小麦石麦15为材料,利用田间定位试验研究了不同灌水处理(春季不灌水W0;春季灌拔节水75mm,W1;春季灌起身水、孕穗水和灌浆水共225mm,W3)对根系干重密度(DRWD)、根长密度(RLD)、体积密度、分枝数等在0—200cm土层的垂直分布、动态变化及其对耗水和产量的影响,结果表明:随着春季灌水量的减少,开花后0—80cm土层的根干重密度、根长度密度、体积密度和分枝数密度均显著减少,80cm—200m土层的根干重密度、根长度密度、体积密度和分枝数密度却显著增加,并且显著增加冬小麦在灌浆期间对100cm以下深层土层水分的利用,总耗水量W1和W0分别比W3减少70.9mm、115.1mm,土壤耗水量分别比W3增加79.1mm、108.9mm,子粒产量W1和W0分别比W3减少653.3kg/hm2、1470kg/hm2,水分利用效率(WUE)则分别比W3提高0.09kg/m3、0.06kg/m3。晚播冬小麦春季灌1水(拔节水)可以促进根系深扎,增加深土层的根系分布量,提高对深层土壤贮水的吸收利用量,有利于实现节水与高产的统一。     

UVB照射后小鼠脾淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度的检测

用强度为30 μW/cm2、60 μW/cm2、90 μW/cm2、120 μW/cm2、150 μW/cm2的中波红斑效应紫外线(UVB)分别照射小鼠脾淋巴细胞5 min、15 min、30 min,采用单细胞凝胶电泳法(SCGE)检测UVB照射对细胞DNA的损伤,结果照射5 min和15 min时,DNA损伤程度与照射强度呈正相关;而照射30 min时,30 μW/cm2组DNA损伤程度最高,60 μW/cm2、90 μW/cm2、120 μW/cm2组损伤程度有所降低,而150 μW/cm2组又出现了高DNA损伤.认为通过SCGE来检测UVB照射对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的损伤程度,可广泛应用于环境毒理学中对DNA具有损伤作用的分析,为环境生物学研究辐射对生物体的影响提供借鉴.     

中国苦苣苔科的研究(Ⅷ)

<正> 唇柱苣苔属 Chirita 光叶唇柱苣苔 图1:4—7 Chirita leiophylla W.T. Wang. sp. nov. Affinis C. lunglinensi W.T. Wang, quae foliis pilis 0.1—0.4 mm longis tectis, bracteis majoribus late ovatis vel late ellipticis 1—3.8 cm longis 0.9—2.7 cm latis margine pauce dentatis differt.     

云南楼梯草属六新种

微鳞楼梯草 图1:3—5 Elatostema minutifurfuraceum W.T.Wang,sp.nov. Proximum E.filipedi W.T.Wang,quod caule glabro haud furfuracco,foliis minoribus 4—7.9cm longis 1.4—2.5cm latis,stipulis pedunculis brac-teisque inflorescentiarum masculinarum glabris differt. Herba perennis.Caulis circ.28cm altus,simplex,prope apicem minuteferrugineo-furfuraceus,ad nodos sparse pilosellus.Folia sessilia,herbacea,oblique longeque elliptica,usque ad 13cm longa,4.5cm lata,apicc caudato-acuminata,acumine integro,basi latere angustiore cuneata eo latiore subauri-culata.margine parte quarta tertiave inferiore integra excepta dentata utrinque     

不同测墒补灌水平对小麦水氮利用及土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响

于2012—2014年两个小麦生长季,以全生育期不灌水(W_0)为对照,设置3个测墒补灌处理,即拔节和开花期使0~140 cm土层土壤平均相对含水量分别为65%(W_1)、70%(W_2)和75%(W_3),研究其对土壤水利用、小麦氮素积累转运和土壤硝态氮分布及籽粒产量的影响.结果表明:W_2处理土壤贮水消耗量及占总耗水量的比例和灌溉水占总耗水量的比例较高,且吸收利用100~140 cm土层土壤贮水量较高.开花期营养器官氮素积累量及开花后氮素积累量均为W_2、W_3W_1W_0,成熟期营养器官氮素积累量为W_3W_2W_1W_0,营养器官氮素向籽粒中的转移量和成熟期籽粒氮素积累量均为W2W3W1W0.成熟期0~60cm土层硝态氮含量表现为W_0W_1W_2W_3,80~140 cm土层为W3显著高于其他处理,140~200 cm土层各处理间无显著差异.W_2处理的籽粒产量、水分利用效率、氮素吸收效率及氮肥偏生产力均最高.在本试验条件下,综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率、氮素吸收效率及土壤硝态氮的淋溶,W_2处理是高产节水生态安全的最佳灌溉处理.     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

百合属一新种——松叶百合

松叶百合 新种(卷瓣组)图1 Lilium pinifolium L.J.Peng,sp.nov.(Sect.Sinomartagon)Fig.1 Species haec,L.sempervivoidei Franch.affinis,a quo foliis marginepapillari-crenulatis,ovario viridi(non atropurpureo)differt. Bulbus subglobosus,3—3.5cm altus,3—3.5cm in diam.,squamis ova-tis,2.5—3.5cm longis,2—2.5cm latis,albis.Caulis erestus 69—80cmlongus,multifolius.Folia anguste linearia vel fere acicularia alterno-dispersa,3—4cm longa,1—2(—3)mm lata,subtus interdum plus minus muricata,margine papillari-crenulata,costa subtus prominenti.Flores plerumque 2,cam-     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and aboveground biomass in abandoned old-fields of Loess Hilly region in Northern Shaanxi, China

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

横断山区萝藦科植物新资料

Affine C. saccato W. T. Wang ex Tsiang et Li, sed pedunculis, brevissimis, tantum 1—2 mm longis, calyce extus glabris et intus ad bases sinum glandulis 10 praeditis differt. Planta volubilis herbaeea; caules teretes puberuli. Folia ovata vel ovato-triangulata, 5—8.5 cm longa, 3—5 cm lata, apiee breviter acuminata, basi auriculafa, auriculis rotumdatis, utringque puberula; costa media utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus 6—7-paribus; petioli 1.5—3 cm longi supra sulcati puberuti ad apicem     

灌水量和灌水时期对小麦耗水特性和氮素积累分配的影响

在田间试验条件下,以小麦品种济麦20为材料,研究了不同灌水处理对小麦的耗水特性和氮素积累分配的影响.试验设置7个处理:不浇水(W0);拔节期和开花期浇水,每次灌水量为30mm(W1)、60mm (W2)、90mm(W3);拔节期、开花期和灌浆期浇水,每次灌水量为30mm(W4)、60mm (W5)、90mm(W6).研究结果表明:(1)随灌水量的增加,总耗水量逐渐增加,土壤耗水量和降水量占总耗水量的比例降低.产量和水分利用率最高的W2和W4处理总耗水量分别为413.87,362.15mm;灌溉量、降水量、土壤耗水量分别占总耗水量的比例为29%、36.34%、34.66%,24.85%、41.53%、33.62%;两个处理比较,W4处理提高了对降水的利用比例,但降低了对灌溉水的利用比例.通过对全生育期0～200cm不同土层土壤耗水量的研究得出,W0和W1处理的深层土壤耗水量较低,W3、W5、W6处理的0～200cm 每个土层土壤耗水量均较低,对W2和W4处理,小麦能够利用120～200cm的深层土壤水分,其土壤贮水消耗量显著增加.(2)W2处理的籽粒氮素积累量较高,W1、W4处理籽粒中的氮素分配比例显著高于其它处理,有灌浆水的处理,尤其是灌浆水高于30mm的处理,营养器官氮素转移率和贡献率显著降低;W4处理的籽粒蛋白质含量较高,W2和W4处理的籽粒蛋白质产量显著高于其它处理.(3)籽粒产量随着灌水量的增加先升高后降低,其中W2和W4处理显著高于其它处理;W4处理的产量水分利用效率和蛋白质产量水分利用率显著高于其它处理.结果表明,W4为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳灌水处理.     

湖南张家界的丝孢菌——Ⅰ.假尾孢属(英文)

本文报道了假尾孢属的6个种,其中有2个新种,即:枫杨假尾孢(Pseudocercospora pterocaryae Guo et W. X. Zhao)和清风藤假尾孢(Pseudocercosporasabiae Guo et W.X.Zhao);3个新组合:紫珠假尾孢[Pseudocercospora callicarpae(Cooke) Guo et W. X. Zhao],蕺菜假尾孢[Pseudocercospora houttuyniae (Togashi & Kats.) Guo et W. X. Zhao],冬青假尾孢[Pseudocercospora mate (Speg.) Guo et W. X. Zhao]。两个新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室,其等模式标本保存在中国林科院林业科学研究所病理标本室。枫杨假尾孢(Pseudocercospora pterocaryae Guo et W. X. Zhao)斑点叶两面生,近圆形,直径0.5—12.0mm,无明显边缘,叶面褐色至暗褐色,叶背灰褐色,子实体叶背生,具表生菌丝。子座生于表皮下,近球形。分生孢子梗浅青黄色至青黄色,不分枝,0—4隔,9.7—73.5×3.7—4.3μm。分生孢子倒棍棒形至倒棍棒-圆柱形,极浅的青黄色,光滑,干燥,具2—10个不明显的隔膜,35.0—99.5×3.7—4.3μm。清风藤假尾孢(Pseudocercospora sabiae Guo et W. X. Zhao)斑点叶两面生,圆形,直径1.5—4.0μm。叶面黄褐色至褐色,外围以暗褐色细线圈,有时还具浅黄褐色晕圈,叶背中度褐色。子实体叶面生,具表生菌丝,无子座。分生孢子梗青黄褐色至浅褐色,平滑,具2—10个隔膜,17.0—162.0×3.0—3.9(—4.3)μm。分生孢子倒棍棒形至圆柱形,浅青黄色,平滑,干燥,3—8隔,43.0—99.5×2.8—3.9(—4.3)μm。     

青篱柴属一新种

<正> 米念芭(广西植物名录) 新种 Tirpitzia ovoidea Chun et How, sp. nov. in herb. Species Tirpitzia sinensi (Hemsl.)Hall. affinis, a qua differt foliis coriaceis 2—7 cm longis 1.2—3.5 cm Jatis, petalis majoribus, laminis 1.5—2cm longis 1.2—1.5 cm latis. (?)     

云南赤车属一新种

大叶赤车 图1 Pellionia macrophylla W.T.Wang,sp.nov. Affinis P.heterolobae Wedd.,quae foliis minoribus 8—15cm longis,nervis lateralibus paucioribus latere latiore 6—7,cystolithis majoribus 0.2—0.3mm longis,acheniis tuberculatis differt.     

生物固氮

930969三叶簟根囊菌硬其消除质粒衍生物在土壤中在热和干旱胁迫下的存活[英]/Baldani,J.J.…∥SoilBiol Blochem.·1992,24(8).一737～742E详九DBA,1992,11(19),92—1081.O] 豌豆根瘤菌(Rhigobium leguminosaTUrn)bv.三叶草W8—7|、W11—9和W14—2来自箭nP三叶草(~Pri,olium sp.)的根瘤,就其对干旱和热的耐性进行了筛选。W8—7、W11—9和W14—2分别带有5、3和4个质粒。在28℃或40℃热处理得到消除单个质粒的菌株,在有些情况下消除1个以上的质粒。在土壤中有热和水分胁迫条件下检测了上述菌株及其消除质粒衍生物的存活能力。通过征3…     

云南楼梯草属二新种

1 素功楼梯草 新种 图1:1～2 Elatostema sukungianum W.T.Wang,sp.nov.(Sect Weddelia(H.Schroter)W.T.Wang ser.Stipulosa W.T.Wang) Species nova affinis E.minutifurfuraceo W.T.Wang,quod caule superne ferrugineo-furfuraceo ad nodos puberulo,foliis apice caudato-acuminatis trinervibus,cystolithis brevioribus0.2～0.4 mm longis,stipulis linearibus 10～12 mm longis extus ad costam mediampuberulis,pedunculis inflorescentiarum staminatarum brevioribus 0.8～1.4 cm longis dif-fert.     

黄土高原苜蓿-冬小麦轮作系统土壤水分时空动态及产量响应

2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年在甘肃庆阳黄土高原连续 3 a研究了紫花苜蓿 -冬小麦轮作系统中土壤 0～ 3 0 0 cm剖面水分动态特征 ,作物产量及其含 N量。处理包括 4龄苜蓿草地 (L C)、4龄苜蓿草地后茬持续休闲 (L F)、4龄苜蓿草地休闲 4个月后种植冬小麦(L Fl W) ,和 4龄苜蓿草地休闲 1个月后种植冬小麦 (L Fs W)。结果表明 ,种植 4a苜蓿后春季翻挖实施休闲至冬小麦播种(L Fl W)的 4个月期间 ,降雨的入渗深度为 150 cm,而苜蓿秋季翻挖休闲至小麦播种 (L Fs W)的一个月间 ,降雨在土壤内的入渗深度为 90 cm,不同休闲长度对头茬冬小麦土壤 0～ 90 cm水分贮存量无显著影响 ,亦不影响头茬冬小麦的出苗和出苗数。苜蓿后茬完全休闲 (L F)一个生长季后 ,60～ 90 cm土壤水分含量达田间最大重力持水量 (Drainage U pper L imit DU L )的 93 % ,0～ 3 0 0cm剖面土壤贮水量达 670 mm ,是剖面田间最大重力持水量 (DUL )的 78% ;L Fl W和 L Fs W处理下头茬小麦籽粒产量之间差异显著 (P<0 .0 5) ,收获指数和千粒重等指数无显著差异 ;L Fl W和 L Fs W处理中获得的二茬小麦产量无显著差异 ;连续种植苜蓿与种植小麦有接近的生物量 ,但苜蓿地植物总 N的输出量较小麦田高 2～ 3倍。由于黄土高原降雨变率大 ,因此预测土壤含水量动态有