Cancer incidence in Cotonou (Benin), 2014–2016: First results from the cancer Registry of Cotonou

Incidence data from the population cancer registry of Cotonou (Benin) for the three year period 2014–2016 are presented.1086 cancer cases were recorded, 608 cases (56.0%) in women (corresponding to an age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 78.4 per 100,000) and 478 cases (44.0%) in men (ASR 91.8 per 100,000).Breast and cervical cancer accounted for 49.2% of all cancers in women. Breast cancer (ASR 22.6 per 100,000) was more common than cervical cancer (ASR 14.9 per 100,000) and the mean age of cases was lower. The incidence of prostate cancer (one quarter of all cancers in men), 30.5 per 100,000, was similar to that in other West African registries. Cancers of the liver and digestive tract were also relatively common in both sexes.These are the first data on cancer incidence in Benin, and will be invaluable for the development and evaluation of the National Cancer Control plan.     

Five year cancer incidence in Calabar,Nigeria (2009–2013)

Cancer incidence rates are presented for the Calabar Cancer Registry, a population-based cancer registry (PBCR) covering the population of two Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Calabar the capital of Cross-River State, Nigeria. (375,196 inhabitants in 2006). During the period 2009–2013, a total of 719 new cases were registered comprising 320 men (an age standardised incidence rate (ASR) of 78.8 per 100,000) and 399 women (ASR of 86.9 per 100,000).Breast and cervical cancers account for 60.4% of all cancers in women, with breast cancer (ASR 35 per 100,000) almost twice as common as cervix cancer (ASR 21 per 100,000) and occurring in rather younger women. Prostate cancer was the most common cancer in men (ASR 50.8 per 100,000).Hodgkin’s lymphoma was common in both sexes, and there were moderate numbers of HIV-related cancers recorded (Kaposi sarcoma, non Hodgkin lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinomas of conjunctiva).     

Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry

BackgroundWe aimed to report, for the first time, the results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR) for the year 2014.MethodsTotal population of Iran in 2014 was 76,639,000. The INPCR covered 30 out of 31 provinces (98% of total population). It registered only cases diagnosed with malignant new primary tumors. The main sources for data collection included pathology center, hospitals as well as death registries. Quality assessment and analysis of data were performed by CanReg-5 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000) were reported at national and subnational levels.ResultsOverall, 112,131 new cancer cases were registered in INPCR in 2014, of which 60,469 (53.9%) were male. The diagnosis of cancer was made by microscopic confirmation in 76,568 cases (68.28%). The ASRs of all cancers were 177.44 and 141.18 in male and female, respectively. Cancers of the stomach (ASR = 21.24), prostate (18.41) and colorectum (16.57) were the most common cancers in men and the top three cancers in women were malignancies of breast (34.53), colorectum (11.86) and stomach (9.44). The ASR of cervix uteri cancer in women was 1.78. Our findings suggested high incidence of cancers of the esophagus, stomach and lung in North/ North West of Iran.ConclusionOur results showed that Iran is a medium-risk area for incidence of cancers. We found differences in the most common cancers in Iran comparing to those reported for the World. Our results also suggested geographical diversities in incidence rates of cancers in different subdivisions of Iran.     

Colorectal cancer incidence in 5 Asian countries by subsite: An analysis of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (1998–2007)

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in Asia. However, the trends in colorectal cancer incidence by subsite have not been analyzed across Asian countries. We used the most recent, high quality data from 6 cancer registries for two 5-year periods, 1998–2002 and 2003–2007, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents to estimate colorectal cancer incidence by subsite in 5 Asian countries. Cases with overlapping lesions or otherwise unspecified colon cancer were re-distributed as proximal or distal colon cancer. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 population and incidence rate ratios from 1998 to 2002 to 2003–2007 were calculated for each subsite. For 2003–2007, men in Miyagi, Japan, had the highest ASR for cancer in the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum. Men of Jewish ancestry in Israel had a high ASR for proximal and distal colon cancer, but the lowest ASR for rectal cancer. The proportion of rectal cancer was highest among Korean men (51.39%) and lowest among Israeli women (26.6%). From 1998–2002 to 2003–2007, rectal cancer incidence did not significantly change in most registries, except for men in Miyagi, Japan, and both sexes in Korea. However, during the same period cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon increased in most registries. In conclusion, there was substantial variation in subsite distributions of colorectal cancer in Asian registries and increases in overall incidence of colorectal cancer could be attributed to increases in colon cancer.     

Under-diagnosis and under-ascertainment of cases may be the reasons for low childhood cancer incidence in rural India

Cancer statistics from India revealed that childhood cancer incidence is lesser in rural than urban India. This might be due to under-diagnosis or under-ascertainment of cases or could even be true. With registries able to explicitly measure and appropriately streamline the ascertainment of cases to comply with acceptable standards, it is under-diagnosis that is variable and highly influenced by development of or accessibility to specialized centres in or around the registry area. This is reflected implicitly by marked variation in incidence between different populations in India: weighted age standardized rates of all childhood cancers together was the highest (108 per million) in metropolitan areas, followed by other urban (86) and rural (53) areas in that order. A childhood cancer registry focusing on pertinent data collection and specific epidemiological studies is desirable to explain the variations in incidence and outcome of childhood cancers in India.     

Distribution of multiple myeloma in India: Heterogeneity in incidence across age,sex and geography

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the distribution of multiple myeloma (MM) in India and provide a comprehensive narrative about its incidence, including differential patterns across age, sex and geography.MethodsMM cases diagnosed during 2012-14 were obtained from 27 populations based cancer registries in India by consulting the latest National Cancer Registry Programme reports. Crude (CR) and age-specific (ASR) rates of MM incidence were determined. Age-adjusted rates (AARs) were estimated by standardizing the CR values using age-specific weights recommended for LMIC countries (including India) for men and women separately, along with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) measures.ResultsAltogether, 1916 MM cases (male/female: 1123/793) were documented (i.e. 1.19% of all cancers, 95% CI: 1.14–1.24%). Overall CR of MM in India was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.20–1.35)/ 100,000 in men and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–1.02)/ 100,000 in women, while the corresponding AARs were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.07–1.20) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75 – 0.88) per 100,000 respectively. The ASR values increased steadily with age. Most cases belonged to the 60–69 yrs bracket. However, regional and sex-specific differences in MM profile were observed. MM incidence was highest in the Southern and Northern zones, and least in the Northeast. The Northern and Central zones had higher proportion of MM in the 50–59 yrs age group, whereas Eastern zone had higher proportion of cases aged 70 yrs and above.ConclusionIncidence of MM in India is presented. Marked variations in MM incidence were noted with respect to age, sex and geography.     

Incidence,Trends and Ethnic Differences of Oropharyngeal,Anal and Cervical Cancers: Singapore, 1968-2012

In recent decades, several Western countries have reported an increase in oropharyngeal and anal cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Trends in HPV-associated cancers in Asia have not been as well described. We describe the epidemiology of potentially HPV-related cancers reported to the Singapore Cancer Registry from 1968–2012. Analysis included 998 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), 183 anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and 8,019 invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases. Additionally, 368 anal non-squamous cell carcinoma (ANSCC) and 2,018 non-oropharyngeal head and neck carcinoma (non-OP HNC) cases were included as comparators. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were determined by gender and ethnicity (Chinese, Malay and Indian). Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate annual percentage change (APC) in incidence. OPSCC incidence increased in both genders (men 1993–2012, APC = 1.9%, p<0.001; women 1968–2012, APC = 2.0%, p = 0.01) and was 5 times higher in men than women. In contrast, non-OP HNC incidence declined between 1968–2012 among men (APC = -1.6%, p<0.001) and women (APC = -0.4%, p = 0.06). ASCC and ANSCC were rare (ASR = 0.2 and 0.7 per 100,000 person-years, respectively) and did not change significantly over time except for increasing ANSCCs in men (APC = 2.8%, p<0.001). ICC was the most common HPV-associated cancer (ASR = 19.9 per 100,000 person-years) but declined significantly between 1968–2012 (APC = -2.4%). Incidence of each cancer varied across ethnicities. Similar to trends in Western countries, OPSCC incidence increased in recent years, while non-OP HNC decreased. ICC remains the most common HPV-related cancer in Singapore, but Pap screening programs have led to consistently decreasing incidence.     

Primary liver cancer in Cote d'Or (Burgundy). Results of three year's systematic registration in a well defined French population

The registry of digestive tract cancers set up for the department of Cote d'Or (455, 727) was used to study primary liver cancer. The crude annual incidence rate was 10.4 per 100 000 for males, 2.3 per 100 000 for females. Among other cancer registries annual age standardized rates: 7.6 per 100 000 in males, 1.4 per 100 000 in females are in the intermediate range, close to the figure reported in Geneva and higher than incidence rates reported elsewhere in Europe. Most cancers were hepatocullular carcinomas (83%). Significant etiological factors were the sex ratio (5, 4), alcoholic cirrhosis associated with primary liver cancer in 61% of the patients. The one year crude survival rate was 8%.     

Temporal and geographical variations in colorectal cancer incidence in Northern Iran 2004–2013

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the Golestan province, Northern Iran. The purpose of this study is to describe colorectal cancer incidence patterns and trends in the province 2004–2013.Methods: Data on CRC cases were obtained from the Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). The GPCR is a high-quality cancer registry that collects data on primary cancers according to internationally accepted standard protocols. Age-standardized Incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and the 10-year trend quantified using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) from Joinpoint regressions.Results: The overall ASR of CRC were higher in men (14.8 per 100,000 person-years) and the urban populations (35.4), relative to women (11.5) and the rural populations (17.1), respectively. The overall incidence rate was observed to significantly increase 2004–2013 in men (AAPC = 7.3; 95%CI: 2.9–11.8) and women (AAPC = 6.6; 95%CI: 2.7–10.6). The analysis also showed that urban areas (AAPC = 8.1; 95%CI: 2.4–14.1) had a relatively more rapid increase in rates compared to rural areas (AAPC = 6.9; 95%CI: 2.2–11.7).Conclusions: CRC incidence rates in Golestan have been rising during the most recent decade, with a higher incidence and more rapid increases among men and the urban populations. The underlying risk factors should be assessed in the context of developing CRC prevention interventions in Golestan.     

The role of hospital-based cancer registries in low and middle income countries-The Nigerian Case Study

Background: The incidence of cancer continues to rise all over the world and current projections show that there will be 1.27 million new cases and almost 1 million deaths by 2030. In view of the rising incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, urgent steps are needed to guide appropriate policy, health sector investment and resource allocation. We posit that hospital based cancer registries (HBCR) are fundamental sources of information on the frequent cancer sites in limited resource regions where population level data is often unavailable. In regions where population based cancer registries are not in existence, HBCR are beneficial for policy and planning. Materials and methods: Nineteen of twenty-one cancer registries in Nigeria met the definition of HBCR, and from these registries, we requested data on cancer cases recorded from January 2009 to December 2010. 16 of the 19 registries (84%) responded. Data on year hospital was established; year cancer registry was established, no. of pathologists and types of oncology services available in each tertiary health facility were shown. Analysis of relative frequency of cancers in each HBCR, the basis of diagnosis recorded in the HBCR and the total number of cases recorded by gender was carried out. Results: The total number of cancers registered in these 11 hospital based cancer registries in 2009 and 2010 was 6484. The number of new cancer cases recorded annually in these hospital based cancer registries on average was 117 cases in males and I77 cases in females. Breast and cervical cancer were the most common cancers seen in women while prostate cancer was the commonest among men seen in these tertiary hospitals. Conclusion: Information provided by HBCR is beneficial and can be utilized for the improvement of cancer care delivery systems in low and middle income countries where there are no population based cancer registries.     

Patterns and temporal trends in the incidence of childhood and adolescence cancer in Cyprus 1998–2017: A population-based study from the Cyprus Paediatric Oncology Registry

BackgroundDespite its rarity, cancer in children and adolescents (CAC) is a major health issue worldwide. The lack of appropriate cancer registries is an obstacle for defining its incidence and survival, and informing cancer control. As in Cyprus, CAC epidemiology has not previously been comprehensively examined, we determined incidence rates and temporal trends of cancer in the 0–19 age group during 1998–2017.MethodsWe established the population based Paediatric Oncology Registry of Cyprus (PORCY) for the period 1998–2017. World age standardised incidence rate per million children and adolescents per year (ASRW) were calculated and time trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression analysis. Comparisons were made with other countries using the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer, third volume.ResultsFor all cancers combined, for ages 0–19-years, ASRW was 203.54 (95% CI 189.49, 217.59) one of the highest rates globally. The most frequent CAC were leukaemias followed by lymphomas, specified epithelial neoplasms and central nervous system tumours, differing to what is described in most other countries. For all cancers, both combined and individual types, except thyroid carcinoma (where incidence was rising), no significant temporal variation was found.ConclusionsTo inform cancer control activities, we conducted the first ever population-based epidemiological study of childhood and adolescent cancer (0–19 years) in Cyprus. The striking findings indicate high overall incidence rates that are among the world’s highest, a higher frequency of lymphomas and thyroid cancer than brain tumours, and rising incidence for thyroid, but not for other, cancers. These novel findings, will help the formulation of hypotheses to provide explanation for the high rates for all CAC in Cyprus and may contribute to the global efforts for improving prevention of cancer in this age group.     

Cancer incidence in ethnic German migrants from the Former Soviet Union in comparison to the host population

AimTo investigate cancer incidence patterns among ethnic German migrants (Aussiedler) from the Former Soviet Union, a large migrant group in Germany, in comparison to autochthonous Saarland population over a 20 year observation period.MethodsData were obtained from a cohort of Aussiedler residing in the federal state of Saarland (n = 18,619). Cancer incidence and vital status were ascertained through record linkage with the Saarland Cancer Registry and local population registries.ResultsDuring the follow up period from 1990 to 2009 we observed 638 incident diagnoses of malignant neoplasms (except non-melanoma skin cancer). The overall standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.92, 1.04). However, site-specific SIRs revealed great variation. Stomach cancer incidence was significantly higher among Aussiedler. Lung cancer was elevated for males, but lower among females. Additionally, diagnoses for colorectal cancer among males were significantly lower. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) over time show not all cancer rates of Aussiedler attenuate as expected to Saarland rates. For example, lung and prostate cancer incidence rates show increasing disparity from Saarland rates and female breast cancer incidence develops in parallel. Furthermore, ASR for overall cancer incidence of Aussiedler shows a yearly decrease (p = 0.06) whereas Saarland rates remain stable.DiscussionAussiedler incidence rates reflect incidence pattern observed in their countries of origin.     

Incidence and survival for hepatic, pancreatic and biliary cancers in England between 1998 and 2007

Introduction: Hepatic, pancreatic and biliary (HPB) cancers are a group of diverse malignancies managed ideally in specialist centres. This study describes recent patterns in the incidence and survival of HPB cancers in England over a ten year period (1998–2007). Methods: Data on 99,379 English patients (50,656 males; 48,723 females) diagnosed with HPB cancers between 1998 and 2007 were extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository. Data were divided into six site-specific cancer groups; pancreas, ampulla of Vater, biliary tract, primary liver, gallbladder and duodenum. Age-standardised incidence rates (per 100,000 European standard population, (ASR(E))) were calculated for each of the six groups by year of diagnosis and by socioeconomic deprivation. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: The largest group was pancreatic cancers (63%), followed by primary liver (14%) and biliary cancers (13%). ASR(E) were highest for pancreatic and primary liver cancers whereas cancers of the gallbladder, duodenum and ampulla of Vater had a very low incidence. Over time the incidence of all six groups remained relatively stable, although primary liver cancer increased slightly in males. Incidence rates were higher in males than in females in all groups except gallbladder cancer, and all six groups had a higher incidence in the more deprived quintiles. Overall survival was poor in each of the HPB cancer groups. Conclusions: HPB tumours are uncommon and are associated with poor long term survival reflecting the late stage at presentation. Incidence patterns suggest variable rates linked to socioeconomic deprivation and highlight a male predominance in all sites except the gallbladder. Identification of high risk populations should be emphasised in initiatives to raise awareness and facilitate earlier diagnosis.     

Cancer pattern and survival in a rural district in South India

Background: Cancer pattern data are rare and survival data are none from rural districts of India. Methods: The Dindigul Ambilikkai Cancer Registry (DACR) covering rural population of 2 millions in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu state, South India, registered 4516 incident cancers during 2003–2006 by active case finding from 102 data sources for studying incidence pattern, of which, 1045 incident cancers registered in 2003 were followed up for estimating survival. House visits were undertaken annually for each registered case for data completion. Cancer pattern was described using average annual incidence rates and survival experience was expressed by computing observed survival by actuarial method and age-standardized relative survival (ASRS). Results: The average annual age-standardized rate per 100,000 of all cancers together was higher among women (62.6) than men (51.9) in DACR. The most common cancers among men were stomach (5.6), mouth (4.2) and esophagus (3.7). Cervical cancer (22.1) was ranked at the top among women followed by breast (10.9) and ovary (3.3). DACR incidence rates were lesser by at least two folds and 5-year survival were on par or lower than Chennai metropolitan registry for most cancers. Five-year age-standardized relative survival (%) in DACR was as follows: all cancers (29%), larynx (48), mouth (42), breast/tongue (38) and cervix (37). Conclusion: Cancer incidence was significantly lower, cancer patterns were markedly different and population-based cancer survival was lower in rural areas than urban areas thus providing valuable leads in estimating realistic cancer burden and instituting cancer control programs in India.     

The incidence and histo-pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in a population based cancer registry in Zimbabwe

BackgroundData on colorectal cancer (CRC) in sub-Saharan Africa is mainly based on hospital series which suggest low incidence and frequent early onset cancers. This study characterises colorectal cancer in a population-based cancer registry in Zimbabwe.MethodsCases of CRC recorded by the Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry between 2003 and 2012 were analysed. Demographic and pathological characteristics were compared according to ethnicity and age. Trends in age standardised incidence rates (ASR) were determined.ResultsThere were 886 and 216 cases of CRC among black Africans and Caucasians respectively, and 26% of the black Africans were younger than 40 years. Signet ring cell carcinomas were more common among black Africans compared to Caucasians (4% vs 1%, p = 0.027). ASR increased by 1.9%/year and 3.9%/year among black African males and females respectively.ConclusionCRC incidence is rising among black Africans and has unique demographic and pathological characteristics.     

Cancer incidence in southern Iran, 1998-2002: results of population-based cancer registry

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to obtain population-based cancer incidence data for the entire population of Fars province in Iran, and to compare these rates with those obtained from a previous study in the same population ten years previously. Methods: Data were collected on all patients in major cities of Fars province who were diagnosed with cancer between 1998 and 2002. The data were computerized using SPSS (Chicago, IL) software, version 13.0, and MS EXCEL (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) software with Persian fonts. The results are presented as incidence rates of cases by site, sex, age, crude rates, and age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years (ASRs), using the direct method of standardization to the world population. Results: During the 5-year study period, 8359 new cancer cases were registered. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathological criteria in 86.7%, clinical or radiological criteria in 9.4% and death certificate only in 3.9% of cases. According to the calculated ASRs, the 5 most frequent cancers in women were breast (13 per 100,000), stomach (4.4 per 100,000), lung and bronchus (2.9 per 100,000), uterus (2.7 per 100,000), and colon and rectum (2.6 per 100,000); and in men, the 5 most frequent types were stomach (9.2 per 100,000), bladder (6.8 per 100,000), lung and bronchus (6.3 per 100,000), lymphocytic leukemia (4.1 per 100,000), and skin melanoma (3.8 per 100,000). The ASR for all cancers in men was 64.5 per 100,000, and that for women was 55.5 per 100,000. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, our results should be taken as the minimum incidence rates of cancers in Fars province, southern Iran. Significant differences were observed between the two study periods. However, we most likely have underestimated the frequencies of some tumors.     

Cancer in Guam and Hawaii: A comparison of two U.S. Island populations

BackgroundCancer disparities within and across populations provide insight into the influence of lifestyle, environment, and genetic factors on cancer risk.MethodsGuam cancer incidence and mortality were compared to that of Hawaii using data from their respective population-based, central cancer registries.ResultsIn 2009–2013, overall cancer incidence was substantially lower in Guam than in Hawaii for both sexes while overall cancer mortality was higher for Guam males. Cervical cancer incidence and prostate cancer mortality were higher in Guam. Both incidence and mortality were higher among Guam men for cancers of the lung & bronchus, liver & intrahepatic bile duct, and nasopharynx; Chamorro men were disproportionately affected by these cancers. Filipinos and Whites in Guam had lower overall cancer incidence compared to Filipinos and Whites in Hawaii. Although breast cancer incidence was significantly lower in Guam compared to Hawaii, women in Guam presented at younger ages and with rarer disease histologies such as inflammatory carcinoma were more prevalent. Guam patients were also diagnosed at younger ages for cancers of bladder, pancreas, colon & rectum, liver & intrahepatic bile duct, lung & bronchus, stomach, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia.ConclusionSmoking, infectious agents, and betel nut chewing appear to be important contributors to the burden of cancer in Guam. Earlier onset of cancer in Guam suggests earlier age of exposure to key risk factors and/or a more aggressive pathogenesis. Contrasting cancer patterns within Guam and between Guam and Hawaii underscore the potential influence of genes, lifestyle, and environmental factors on cancer development and progression.     

Gastric cancer epidemiology from 2009 to 2019 in Dnipro Region,Ukraine

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is in top-five the most frequent cancers in Ukrainian males and is the third cause of death among patients with cancer. GC keeps its leading position in cancer ranks despite the decline in incidence and mortality over the last 50 years. Local epidemiological information will help in better targeting medical and public health interventions.Patients and methodsThe data about 8438 patients with newly diagnosed GC between 2009 and 2019 was obtained from Dnipro Cancer Registry.ResultsIncidence decreased from 24.5 to 22.6, mortality decreased from 21.4 to 15.7 (per 100000), death rate increased from 0.64 to 1.04 between 2009 and 2019. Over 11 years of observation incidence was 23.4, mortality was 19.4, death rate was 0.721. Standardised incidence ratio was 1.42, standardised mortality rate was 1.67; age-standardised incidence was 25.5, age-standardised mortality was 21.2 (European standard). Median (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) survival of the patients was 172 (165−178) days. One-year survival rate fluctuated between 27% and 34%. Male sex and older age were associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio (95% CI) – 1.08 (1.03–1.13) vs females and 1.15 (1.12–1.17) per 10-years increase of age, respectively).ConclusionsThe study describes the trends in epidemiology of gastric cancer in Dnipro region, Ukraine, between 2009 and 2019. The need for the national prevention strategy of GC in Ukraine was identified.     

Incidence Trends of Urinary Bladder and Kidney Cancers in Urban Shanghai, 1973-2005

Objectives

We examined the incidence trends of bladder and kidney cancers using a population-based cancer registration data.

Methods

Age-standardized incidence rates were analyzed using data from the Shanghai Cancer Registry during 1973 to 2005. Annual percentage changes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the incidence changes. Age-period-cohort analysis was further implemented to assess the contributions of age, period and cohort effects to the trends using the intrinsic estimator method.

Results

In total, 12,676 bladder and 5,811 kidney cancer patients were registered in urban Shanghai. The age-standardized rates of bladder cancer in males increased from 6.39 to 7.66 per 100,000, or 0.62% per year, whereas the rates in females increased from 1.95 to 2.09 per 100,000, or 0.33% per year. For kidney cancer, the age-standardized rates in males increased from 1.20 to 5.64 per 100,000, or 6.98% per year. Similarly in females, the rates increased from 0.85 to 3.33 per 100,000, or 5.93% per year. Age-period-cohort analysis showed increasing curves of age and period effects but generally decreasing cohort effects for bladder and kidney cancers.

Conclusions

Our results show increasing incidence trends of bladder and kidney cancers in Chinese men and women, especially for kidney cancer.     

Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam (1996–2015): Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort analyses

BackgroundLittle is known about the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Vietnam. We aimed to investigate the trends in epidemiology and anatomical subsites of CRC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.MethodsBased on the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry data during 1996–2015, we calculated the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) by sex, age groups, and anatomical subsites, using joinpoint regressions analysis. We further performed age–period–cohort (APC) analysis using the United States National Cancer Institute’s web-based statistical tool to explore the underlying reason for the incidence trend.ResultsOver 20 years the overall ASR of CRC increased from 10.5 to 17.9 per 100,000, a 1.7-fold increase. CRC incidence elevated more rapidly in men (AAPC 4.7, 95%CI 2.2–7.3) than in women (AAPC 2.6, 95%CI 0.6–4.8). The highest and lowest increasing rates of ASRs were observed in the 50–64-year-old age group (AAPC 5.3, 95%CI 2.8–7.9) and < 50-year-old age group (AAPC 1.1, 95%CI –0.7 to 2.9), respectively. Regarding subsites, rectal cancer had the highest rate of increase (AAPC 3.3, 95%CI 1.0–5.7). Furthermore, the APC analysis indicated significant increases in CRC incidence in birth cohorts after 1975 in both genders.ConclusionsThe CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City increased, with the more prominent rates being among men and older populations, in rectal subsites, and in people born after 1975. The upward trend of CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City may be due to the adoption of a westernized lifestyle.