Effect of Microwave and He-Ne Laser on Enzyme Activity and Biophoton Emission of Isatis indigotica Fort

The seed embryos of Isatis indigotica Fort were exposed to He-Ne laser (5.23 mW/mm2, radiated for 5 min) and microwave (1.26 mW/mm2, radiated for 8 s) irradiation to determine the effects of microwave and He-Ne laser pretreatment on enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of cotyledon. Then: (i) changes in the activities of enzymes in I. indigotica cotyledon (such as amylase, transaminase, and proteinase) were measured to investigate the effects of He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment; and (ii) biophoton emission was measured to determine the speed of cell division and metabolism. Results from these experiments indicated that: (i) the activities of amylase, transaminase, and proteinase of the cotyledon pretreated by HeNe laser and microwave were significantly increased; and (ii) the intensity of biophoton emission was enhanced significantly by He-Ne laser and microwave irradiation. These changes suggest that He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment can improve the inner energy of seeds, lead to an enhancement of cotyledon enzymes, and speed up the metabolism of the cell, resulting in significantly increased biophoton emission.Moreover, the mechanism of action of the effects of laser and microwave radiation on the microcalorimetric parameters, enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of seeds is discussed on the basis of the results obtained.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射下小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化的缓解作用

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW/mm2)辐照增强UV-B辐射(10.08 kJ/m2.d)的晋麦8号小麦幼苗,通过测定小麦幼苗叶片细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及脂氧合酶(LOX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷光苷肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的活性变化,研究He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射的小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响。结果显示,He-Ne激光辐照可使经UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、MDA含量、LOX活性降低,而使CAT、APX和GPX的活性均升高。分析表明UV-B辐射增强可导致膜脂过氧化加剧,而一定剂量的He-Ne激光能够通过促进酶促抗氧化系统酶的活性来缓解紫外线辐射下小麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用。     

He-Ne激光处理不同时期蚕豆幼苗对抗氧化系统的影响

采用功率为3.50 mW/mm2的He-Ne激光处理不同时期蚕豆,研究其四叶期叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及同工酶谱的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,He-Ne激光处理不同时期蚕豆,MDA含量均显著降低,且各处理间没有显著差异;SOD、POD、CAT酶活性有不同程度提高。SOD、POD同工酶的酶谱在浸种24小时和胚芽露头期经激光处理后改变,在一叶期处理后没有改变;CAT同工酶谱没有变化;在一叶期处理的三种同工酶谱都没有改变。     

He-Ne激光处理对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长特性的影响

以哥伦比亚生态型(Columbia-0)的野生型拟南芥为材料,利用He-Ne激光生物辐照仪(632.8nm,5mW/mm2)处理拟南芥种子,统计其发芽势和发芽率,并测定根长及叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以探讨He-Ne激光对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,短时间的He-Ne激光辐照可促进拟南芥的生长发育,且最佳辐照时间为4min,此时的发芽势、发芽率、根长、叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的含量均达到最大,而丙二醛(MDA)的含量为最低。当辐照时间大于4min时,促进作用逐渐变小,且随着辐照时间的延长而表现出抑制作用。研究表明,适量的He-Ne激光辐照在一定程度上可以促进拟南芥种子的萌发和幼苗生长以及保护其细胞膜免受伤害。     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦幼苗多胺氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的研究

采用He-Ne激光辐照对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗的损伤修复作用进行了研究。小麦种子在盛有湿滤纸的培养皿内25℃下进行萌发。萌发后小麦幼苗在经10.08 kJ·m^-2·d^-1的增强UV-B辐射,然后再用5 mW·mm^-2的He-Ne激光进行辐照。通过小麦幼苗叶片游离脯氨酸含量、多胺氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性变化,测定了He-Ne激光对小麦UV-B损伤的修复情况。结果表明,游离脯氨酸、多胺氧化酶、过氧化物酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤的修复的能力相关联。He-Ne激光辐照可使由增强UV-B辐射后诱导叶片升高的游离脯氨酸含量降低。增强UV-B辐射对多胺氧化酶（PAO）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性呈促进的作用。辐射6 d后PAO和POD总的活性呈正相关性,PAO和POD活性都呈现B组最高,L组最低,且差异显著。显示He-Ne激光对两种酶由于增强UV-B辐照造成的伤害有一定的修复。     

豌豆种子萌发时的含水量对子叶中蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响

不同含水量的豌豆种子在饱和水蒸气中保持7d,在此过程中,当含水量低于萌动临界含水量时,限制了子叶中淀粉酶长寿mRNA的转译;含水量达到或超过萌动临界含水量时,子叶中淀粉酶长寿mRNA的转译得以进行,但转译程度因含水量不同而异,正常生长的轴器官是吸收子叶中蛋白质和淀粉水解产物的动力库,子叶中氨基酸含量的变化灵敏地调节着蛋白酶的活性,从而影响着蛋白质的动员程度,当环境中供水不足时,发现子叶中还原糖积累很快,非还原糖含量几乎没有变化,因此,认为对淀粉酶活性起灵敏调节作用的主要是还原糖。     

水稻种子萌发期超微弱光子计数成像研究

运用ＰＩＡＳ捕获了水稻种子萌发期自发辐射的超微弱光子。光子长时间累积形成了二维图像。研究表明：萌发种子整体均发光,胚根和胚芽及其生长点发较强的光;水稻种子萌发期光子辐射强度呈现双峰值规律,第二峰前期光子数和根生长长度与萌发时间均有自然对数关系,根生长激增迟后于光子数激增     

Weak microwave can alleviate water deficit induced by osmotic stress in wheat seedlings

The aim of the investigation is to determine the effect of microwave pretreatment of wheat seeds on the resistance of seedlings to osmotic stress. Changes in biophysical, physiological and biochemical characters were measured. The results showed: (1) The magnetic field intensity and seeds temperature increased progressively with microwave pretreatments of 5, 10, 15, 20 s and 25 s compared with controls. Although each microwave pretreatment resulted in an increase in alpha-amylase activity and photon emission intensity, the increase of alpha-amylase activity and photon emission intensity was maximal at a microwave pretreatment of 10 s. (2) Osmotic stress induced by PEG treatment enhanced the concentration of malondialdehyde, while decreasing the activities of nitricoxide synthase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and the concentration of nitric oxide, ascorbic acid, glutathione in the seedlings compared with controls. However, compared to osmotic stress alone, in the seedlings treated with microwave irradiation plus osmotic stress the concentration of malondialdehyde decreased, while the activities of nitricoxide synthase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and the concentration of nitric oxide, ascorbic acid and glutathione increased. These results suggest that a suitable dose of microwave radiation can enhance the capability to eliminate free radicals induced by osmotic stress in wheat seedlings resulting in an increase in resistance to osmotic stress.     

He-Ne激光对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化活性的影响

为减轻盐胁迫对植物造成的伤害,本研究采用He-Ne激光对盐胁迫下的水稻进行辐照处理,选用水稻9311作为对照、耐盐海稻86作为研究对象,以0.5%的氯化钠进行盐胁迫,He-Ne激光(辐照计量5 m W·mm-2,波长632.8 nm)进行照射。设置了对照组(CK),盐胁迫组、盐胁迫和激光复合处理组(分别为L、BL组),进行了水稻抗氧化活性方面的研究。结果表明:与对照组(CK)比较,He-Ne激光对水稻的盐胁迫有一定的缓解作用,其中对水稻9311的作用最明显,表现为激光处理提高了水稻幼苗中过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和减缓了丙二醛(MDA)含量的增速;同时也说明新选育的海稻86耐盐性高于水稻9311。因此,一定剂量的He-Ne激光可以提高了水稻的耐盐性,这为抗盐胁迫及耐盐植物的育种提供了途径和理论依据。     

CO2激光对茄子种子发芽指标的影响及其数学模拟

采用功率密度为825mW/cm^2的CO2激光,对茄子干种子进行不同时间的辐照处理,在催芽过程中,每天观察发芽的种子数,计算发芽势、发芽率,通过多项式模拟,建立各处理的发芽模型,比较不同处理对茄子种子发芽的影响,进行辐照时间与发芽势、发芽率的数学模拟,筛选出了激光辐照的刺激剂量范围,最佳刺激剂量及半致死剂量,得到了较理想的结果。     

低剂量微波辐射对增强UV-B辐射损伤菘蓝幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了探讨低剂量微波对增强UV-B辐射损伤菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)的修复作用,将经过10.08 kJ·m-2·d-1辐射损伤(PAR=220 μmol·m-2·s-1)的菘蓝幼苗分别经0、3、6、9和12 s等不同时间的微波辐照(126 mW·cm-2,2 450 MHz),然后测定其幼苗MDA含量、紫外吸收物质含量、抗坏血酸含量以及3种抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和POD活性.结果表明,增强UV-B辐射损伤菘蓝在微波的作用下其菘蓝幼苗中SOD、CAT和POD活性及紫外吸收物质含量、抗坏血酸含量提高,MDA含量得到显著的降低,说明微波对增强UV-B辐射伤害菘蓝幼苗具有修复作用.但是,随着微波剂量的增加,这种修复效应减弱,甚至消失.上述参数的变化说明适量时间的微波处理可以提高菘蓝对增强UV-B辐射的抵抗能力,并在此基础上初步探讨了微波的修复机理.     

低强度He-Ne激光对红细胞胞浆内游离钙离子浓度的影响

低强度He-Ne激光对红细胞变形性的影响已得到广泛的认可和应用,但其具体调节机制尚不明确,通过研究低强度He-Ne激光对红细胞胞浆内钙离子浓度的影响,探讨其对红细胞变形性影响的机制。采用A23187处理过的红细胞,分别用5 mW和9 mW激光照射后,观察红细胞胞浆内钙离子浓度变化。结果显示:低强度He-Ne激光照射后的红细胞与无照射组的红细胞相比,红细胞胞浆内钙离子浓度显著降低,但在本实验中钙离子浓度的降低与激光照射剂量无显著相关。由此得出结论:降低红细胞胞浆内钙离子浓度可能是低强度He-Ne激光调节红细胞变形性的重要机制。     

Behavior of the Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphatase in Pea Cotyledon Chromatin during Germination

The behavior of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphatase (NTDPase)of pea cotyledon chromatin was investigated by a comparisonof the activities of amylase and protease in the cytoplasm.The activities of NTDPase and amylase increased from the 3rdto the 5th day during germination, but the activity of proteaseincreased more rapidly at the stage of imbibition. The inhibitorsactinomycin D and cycloheximide markedly inhibited the increasein the activities of NTDPase and amylase, but their inhibitionof protease was much less. Inhibition of germination by saltstress was accompanied by reductions in the increases in NTDPaseand protease activities, but not by a reduction in amylase activity.Removal of the embryo from dormant seeds had the same effecton these activities as salt stress did. These results suggestthat formation of the NTDPase in the chromatin of the cotyledonis under the control of the embryonic tissue. (Received October 22, 1980; Accepted January 20, 1981)     

Biophoton Emission Induced by Heat Shock

Ultraweak biophoton emission originates from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced in mitochondria as by-products of cellular respiration. In healthy cells, the concentration of ROS is minimized by a system of biological antioxidants. However, heat shock changes the equilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, that is, a rapid rise in temperature induces biophoton emission from ROS. Although the rate and intensity of biophoton emission was observed to increase in response to elevated temperatures, pretreatment at lower high temperatures inhibited photon emission at higher temperatures. Biophoton measurements are useful for observing and evaluating heat shock.     

Effects of cyanide and cold treatment on sugar catabolism in apple seeds during dormancy removal

The ratio of glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP, C₆/C₁ ratio), and the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and pyruvate kinase (PK, EC 2.7,1.40) were determined in apple seeds ( Malus domestica Borb, cv. Antonówka) submitted to cold and warm stratifications. Our results indicated that the elimination of embryonal dormancy in apple seeds was connected with a change from domination of PPP to domination of glycolysis in sugar catabolism during cold stratification. Cyanide pretreatment affected the C₆/C₁ ratio and the activities of the enzymes under study in such a manner that the maxima of PPP and glycolysis appeared earlier during stratification. We suggest a regulatory role of cyanide in removal of dormancy.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦幼苗叶绿体的影响

对“晋麦8号”小麦幼苗分别采用5 mW·mm^-2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ·m^-2·d^-1增强UV-B辐射及二者组合进行处理,研究各处理组小麦幼苗叶绿体膜透性、叶绿体蛋白质含量以及叶绿体偶联因子CF-1的ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性变化。结果表明：UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶绿体膜透性增加,叶绿体蛋白质含量有一定的下降,而ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性均受到抑制。经过He-Ne激光辐照可使叶绿体膜透性降低、叶绿体蛋白质含量有一定的升高,同时ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性也受到部分激活。这些变化说明增强UV-B辐射引起小麦幼苗叶绿体损伤,而一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗光合系统的损伤。     

Immunofluorescence measurement in a flow cytometer using low-power helium-neon laser excitation

Helium-neon lasers are economical and efficient light sources; their utility in flow cytometry to date has been limited by the lack of fluorescent probes that can be excited at 633 nm. Allophycocyanin (APC), a highly fluorescent phycobiliprotein, can be used as an antibody label and has spectral characteristics suitable for use with He-Ne lasers; we undertook to resolve whether a low-power (7 mW) He-Ne laser could provide sufficient excitation to permit flow cytometric detection of APC-labeled antibodies on cell surfaces. We made an APC conjugate of monoclonal antibody 4F2, which reacts with an antigen abundant on the surfaces of activated human T-lymphocytes; APC-4F2 was used to stain blood mononuclear cells that had been cultured with and without phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Cells so stained were examined in a flow cytometer with orthogonal illumination at 633 nm from a 7 mW He-Ne laser; antibody-bearing cells were detectable by fluorescence emission above 665 nm. Cells from the same cultures were stained with fluorescein-labeled 4F2 antibody and examined in a flow cytometer with argon ion laser excitation at 488 nm. Percentages of antibody-bearing cells determined from APC fluorescence and from fluorescein fluorescence were in good agreement. It thus appears that He-Ne lasers and APC-antibodies are usable for immunofluorescence measurements; the sensitivity attainable with this technique remains to be determined.     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗微管结合蛋白MAP65s的影响

分别采用5 mW/mm2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ/m2·d 增强UV-B辐射及二者组合对"临优2018"小麦幼苗进行处理,通过紫外吸收法测定各处理组幼苗中微管结合蛋白MAP65s的含量,并且采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对MAP65s蛋白进行鉴定,进一步分析He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射引起的小麦幼苗微管骨架损伤的修复效应.结果显示:经UV-B处理(B)后,小麦幼苗中的MAP65s蛋白含量低于对照组(CK)(P<0.01);单独激光(L)处理,MAP65s蛋白含量高于对照组(CK)(P<0.05);经He-Ne激光和UV-B复合处理(BL)后,MAP65s蛋白含量高于UV-B处理组,低于CK组.该结果表明:一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照能够促进小麦幼苗微管结合蛋白MAP65s的合成,并且可能在一定程度上修复增强UV-B辐射对小麦幼苗微管骨架系统造成的损伤.     

Interactions between the soil-borne bacteriophage Fo-l and Pseudomonas spp. on sugarbeet roots

The large plaquing (24 mm²) soilborne bacteriophage, Fo-l, did not affect the colonization ability on sugarbeet roots of its host, fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. strain B26. Phage Fo-l did not increase in numbers on sugarbeet roots when seeds were coated with less than 10⁶ CFU (colony forming units) of B26 and when less than 300 PFU (plaque forming units) of phage Fo-l was added per g of soil (dry weight). Above these threshold values, phage replication occurred and up to 2 × 10⁶ PFU per root system could be recovered.     

The effect of light and exogenous gibberellic acid on respiration pathways during germination of tomato seeds

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculenlum Mill. cv. Taiwan Red) seeds are typical lightsensitive seeds where light requirement can be substituted by gibberellic acid (GA₃). During the initial stage of germination, the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) in seeds incubated for 24 h under white light or 12 h in 0.3 mW GA₃ solution acidified with 1 M HCI for 1 h in the dark (HCl→GA₃) was much greater than in seeds incubated for 24 h in the dark. The results were obtained from measurements of the respiration rate by man metric method of Warburg with or without iodoacetic acid, and from activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13). Although the HMP tended to decrease at the later stage (72 h under white light or in the dark, or 36 h in HCl→GA₃), it remained greater in light- than in dark-incubated seeds. CN-resistant respiration increased from 27–30% to 57–64% of the total respiration in seeds incubated under white light or in HCI→GA₃, while respiration of non-germinating, dark-incubated seeds remained zero. Benzohydrox–amic acid (BHAM), an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, inhibited both respiration and seed germination. It is concluded that the enhancement of HMP and the CN–resistant pathways are both controlled by P_fr, but there is no direct connection between them.