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1.
将澳大利亚披碱草(Elymus scabervar.scaber,2n=6x=42,StYW)和华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huas-hanica,2n=2x=14,Ns)进行属间杂交,成功获得杂种F1。分析亲本及其杂种F1的形态特征、繁育特性及花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对行为发现:杂种F1形态特征介于父母本之间,分蘖数等农艺性状超过双亲;花粉完全不育,结实率为0。亲本减数分裂染色体配对正常,但杂种F1花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期I染色体几乎没有配对,其构型为:27.31Ⅰ 0.01Ⅱ(环) 0.32Ⅱ(棒) 0.01Ⅲ,C值仅为0.01。以上结果表明:澳大利亚披碱草的StYW染色体组与华山新麦草的Ns染色体组间无同源性,它们之间的亲缘关系甚远。 相似文献
2.
华山新麦草和鹅观草属两个种间物种生物学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
通过华山新麦草(2n=14,NN)和鹅观草属的两个种(纤毛鹅观草(2n=28 SY)和鹅观草(2n=42 SHY)属间杂交,两个组合均得到生长健壮的植株。杂种F1形态上均为双亲的中间型。纤毛鹅观草X华山新麦草和鹅观草X华山新麦草杂种F1染色体配对构型分别为:20.73I+0.318Ⅱ,24.801Ⅰ+1.57Ⅱ+0.012Ⅲ。后期Ⅰ均出现多极分离。两个组合均发现减数分裂过程异常现象。两个组合染色体 相似文献
3.
4.
普通小麦和新麦草属间杂种的产生及细胞遗传学研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
进行了普通小麦和华山新麦草属间杂交,运用杂种幼胚培养技术,首次成功地获得了它们的属间杂种。F_1形态趋于中间型,均完全不育。F_1花粉母细胞预期类型(2n=28)的减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体配对构型为26.72Ⅰ+0.62Ⅱ+0.01Ⅲ,后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ有落后染色体,多分体具大量微核。结果表明普通小麦和华山新麦草的染色体组间不存在同源或部分同源性。还观察到花粉母细胞异常减数分裂现象。用普通小麦回交,未获得回交后代。 相似文献
5.
鹅观草和簇毛麦属间杂种的形态学和细胞遗传学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过幼胚离体拯救培养,成功地获得鹅观草Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(2n=6x=42,StStHHYY)和
簇毛麦Dasypyrum villosum(L.)Candargy(2n=2x=14,VV)属间杂种,对这两个种及其杂种Fl的形
态学、繁育学和减数分裂配对行为进行了研究。结果表明:(1)鹅观草和簇毛麦形态差异极大,杂种F1
的形态特征介于父母本之间;(2)杂交结实率低,为11.63%;经幼胚组织培养,获2株杂种苗;杂种Fl高
度不育,表明亲本间存在极强的生殖隔离,是独立的生物学种;(3)杂种Fl体细胞染色体数目为稳定的
28条,减数分裂中期I染色体配对很低,其构型为:26.72Ⅰ+0.62Ⅱ+0.02Ⅲ。表明鹅观草的St、H、Y染色体组与簇毛麦的V染色体组部分同源性很低,它们的亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
6.
华山新麦草胚和胚乳的发育研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
采用常规石蜡切片法,观察了华山新麦草胚和胚乳的发育过程,结果表明,华山新麦草胚和胚乳的发育过程与一般禾本科植物基本相同,胚胎发生属紫宛型,顶细胞和基都参与胚体的形成,胚胎发育经过二细胞原胚,多细胞原胚,球形原胚,梨形原胚,分化胚和成熟胚阶段,成熟胚具有胚根,胚芽,盾片,胚牙鞘,胚根鞘,外胚叶等典型禾本科植物成熟胚的结构,胚乳发育类型为核型,包括游离核阶段,细胞化阶段和生长成熟阶段,待大量游离核形成之后才形成细胞壁,紧贴胚囊的一层胚乳细胞最后形成种子的糊粉层,其余的胚乳细胞最后充满淀粉粒,其特点为:(1)有双球形原胚的现象;(2)反足细胞解体较早;(3)胚乳游离核时期和细胞时期胚乳细胞核的核仁多样。 相似文献
7.
利用RAPD分析披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属模式种的亲缘关系 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对小麦族披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属3个属的模式种进行了基因组DNA多态性分析。42个引物产物的290条谱带中,257条(88.62%)表现出多态性,说明披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属3个属的模式种间具有丰富的遗传多样性。利用290个RAPD标记,计算材料间Nei氏遗传相似性系和遗传距离,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA进行聚类。结果表明,Elymus sibiricus种不同居群间的遗传差异较小,遗传距离在0.097-0.180之间。E.sibiricus,Roegneria caucasica和Hystrix patula的种间遗传差异明显,遗传距离在0.458-0.605之间。H.patula与E.sibiricus的亲缘关系较近。R.caucasica与E.sibiricus的亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
8.
偃麦草属三个种的染色体组研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文综合应用体细胞染色体分带、杂交一代 PMc MI 染色体构型统计和同工酶分析,研究了偃麦草属三个种的染色体组构成。结果表明:中间偃麦草不含与小麦同源的 B 组,有两个组部分同源,其染色体组可用 xE_1E_2表示。长穗偃麦草(10x)也不含 B 组,有四个组两两部分同源,是部分同源异源十倍体,染色体组公式为 xE_1E_1F_1F_2。四倍体偃麦草的两个染色体组间缺少同源性。 相似文献
9.
利用荧光原位杂交和染色体C-分带技术对普通小麦-一华山新麦草的异代换系进行了研究。荧光原位杂交结果显示:异代换系H921—6—12和H924—3—4均含有2条华山新麦草的染色体。对这2个材料和华山新麦草进行染色体C-分带带型比较,结果认为:H921—6—12可能是普通小麦-华山新麦草的5A/N5^b代换系,H924—3—4可能是3D/N4^b代换系。 相似文献
10.
观察了禾本科新麦草属、芒麦草属和三柄麦属主要代表种的叶片表皮形态学特征,总结了三属植物叶表皮结构的异同,探讨了叶表皮特征的分类学意义。同时,根据三属植物叶表皮性状的演化趋势,分析了各属的演化关系和系统位置。结果表明,新麦草属最原始,芒麦草属较进化,三柄麦属最高级;新麦草属可能直接派生了较进化的芒麦草属,并在芒麦草属的基础上进而产生了最高级的三柄麦属。三柄麦属、芒麦草属和新麦草属的这一系统关系同它们外部形态上三联小穗的演化趋势是相互印证的。 相似文献
11.
小麦族下Hystrix longearistata和Hystrix duthiei的生物系统学研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对Hystrix duthiei、H.longearistata和它们的人工种间杂种花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对行
为、繁育特征和形态特征进行了比较分析,结果表明:(1)这两个分类单位形态差异较小,H.longearista-
ta的外稃芒较长,叶片较宽,每小穗具2--3个小花;H.duthiei的外稃芒较短,叶片较窄,每小穗具1~2
个小花。(2)它们很容易杂交,杂种Fl染色体配对频率很高,为13~14个二价体。(3)亲本种花粉育
性和结实性正常,杂种Fl花粉育性较低,结实性较差。(4)H.longearistata和H.duthiei亲缘关系很
近,是同一物种。由于地理分布和生境的差异,使它们在形态上开始分异,并出现一定程度的生殖隔离。把H.longearistata处理为Hystrix duthiei的一亚种是合理的。 相似文献
12.
Morphological comparison, cytogenetic study and fertility analysis of Hystrix
duthiei (2n = 28) from China, Hystrix longearistata (2n= 28) from Japan and their artificial hybrids were carried out. Morphologically H. duthiei was similar to H. longearistata.
H. longearistata had longer lemma awn, wider leaf and 2~3 florets per spikelet, while H.
duthiei had 1~2 florets per spikelet. These two taxa can be easily crossed. Fl hybrids
showed very high degree of bivalent pairing (13~14 bivalents) at the metaphase- I of meiosis. No multivalents were found. The fertility of pollen and seed set of the parents were normal, while the Fl hybrids were of only partial fertility. H. longearistata was closely related
to H. duthiei. They should be included in the same species. Because of the differences of
their distributions and habitats, some morphological divergency and a little sterility barrier
have had appeared between them. It is reasonable to treat Hystrix longearistata as a sub-species of Hystrix duthiei . 相似文献
13.
The intergeneric hybrids between Roegneria kamoji Ohwi and Dasypyrum villosum (L.)Candargy were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture in vitro. Studies
on morphology, fertility and chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the parents and their
hybrid Fl were carried out in the present work. The results showed that: (1) there were ob vious morphological differences between R. kamoji and D. villosum, and spikes of Fl
plants were morphologically intermediate between the two parental species; (2) the seed set
of the cross was 11.63%; the hybrid plant was infertile, which indicated that strong repro ductive isolation existed between the parents and R. kamoji and D. villosum were inde pendent biological species; (3) The somatic chromosome number in root-tips of Fl hybrids
was 28. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in Fl hybrids was quite low. The meiotic con figuration was 26.72 Ⅰ + 0.62 Ⅱ + 0.02 Ⅲ, which indicated that very low homoeology
was detected between the St, H, Y genomes of R. kamoji and the V genome of D. villo- sum, and the relationship between the parental species was remote. 相似文献
14.
HAI-QIN ZHANG YONG-HONG ZHOU 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,153(2):213-219
Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations were carried out in an investigation of genome homology between Hystrix patula and other species of Hystrix , as well as the generic relationships between H. patula and its related species. Meiotic pairing in the hybrids H. patula × H. duthiei ssp. longearistata (Ns–), H. patula × Pseudoroegneria spicata (St), H. patula × Pse. libanotica (St), Elymus sibiricus (StH) × H. patula , H. patula × E. wawawaiensis (StH), Roegneria ciliaris (StY) × H. patula , H. patula × R. grandis (StY), and H. patula × Psathyrostachys huashanica (Nsh ) averaged 1.32, 6.53, 5.62, 10.08, 12.83, 3.57, 3.98, and 0.29 bivalents per cell, respectively. The results indicate that: (1) H. patula has no genome homology with H. duthiei ssp. longearistata or the Ns genome from Psathyrostachys ; (2) H. patula contains the same StH genomes as the Elymus species, and the St genome is homologous to the genome of Pse. spicata and Pse. libanotica ; and (3) H. patula has a low genome affinity with the StY genomes of Roegneria . Therefore, it is reasonable to treat H. patula Moench as E. hystrix L. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 213–219. 相似文献
15.
窄颖仲彬草Kengyilia stenachyra(Keng) J.L. Yang ,Yen et Baum 是分布于我国西部的一种多年生六倍体植物。将其与犬草Elymus caninus(L.) L., 鹅观草Roegneria kamoji Ohwi, 糙毛仲彬草K.hirsuta (Keng) J.L.Yang,Yen et Baum 3 个种进行了杂交。对亲本及杂种F1 代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体配对行为进行了观察。减数分裂平均构型分别为: E. caninus×K. stenachyra23-79 Ⅰ+ 5-20 Ⅱ+ 0-27Ⅲ; R.kamoji ×K.stenachyra18-23 Ⅰ+ 11-68 Ⅱ+ 0-06 Ⅲ+ 0-06 Ⅳ; K.hirsuta ×K.stenachyra4-83Ⅰ+ 17-31 Ⅱ+ 0-55 Ⅲ+ 0-20 Ⅳ+ 0-02 Ⅴ。根据以上结果, 结合种的形态特征, 窄颖仲彬草应从鹅观草属Roegneria C. Koch 拟冰草组ParagropyronKeng 中组合到仲彬草属Kengyilia Yen et Yang。 相似文献
16.
Intergeneric hybridization betweenElymus anthosachnoides (2n = 28,SSYY) andPsathyrostachys huashanica (2n = 14,NN) was performed. Three hybrid plants, obtained via embryo rescue, were intermediate between the parents in morphology and developed vigorously, but were completely sterile. The mean chromosome configuration was 19.48 I + 0.76 II per cell in the hybrids at meiotic metaphase I. This result indicates thatE. anthosachnoides andP. huashanica are distantly related and that there is little or no homoeology betweenN (P. huashanica) andS orY (E. anthosachnoides) genomes. 相似文献
17.
黑药仲彬草Kengyilia melanthera(Keng)J.L. Yang,Yen et Baum和青海仲彬草K.kokonorica
(Keng)J.L.Yang,Yen et Baum是分布于我国西部的两种多年生六倍体植物。将其分别与鹅观草
Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(2n=42,StStHHYY)、糙毛仲彬草K.hirsuta(Keng)J.L. Yang,Yen et Baum
(2n=42,PPStStYY)进行了杂交;对亲本及杂种Fl代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体配对行为进行
了观察。杂种F1减数分裂染色体配对平均构型分别为:R.kamoji×K.melanthera,18.201+11.74
Ⅱ 十0.09Ⅲ十0.01V;K.hirsuta×K.melanthera,1.06Ⅰ十20.47Ⅱ;R.kamoji×K.kokonori-
ca,19.36Ⅰ十11.26Ⅱ十0.04Ⅲ;K.hirsuta×K.kokonorica,2.46Ⅰ十19.44Ⅱ 十0.14Ⅲ十0.06
Ⅳ。根据以上结果,并结合形态特征,将黑药仲彬草和青海仲彬草从鹅观草属拟冰草组Roegneria
sect.Paragropyron Keng中组合到仲彬草属Kengyilia Yen et Yang更为恰当,而不应划分到披碱草属E-lymus L.或偃麦草属Elytrigia Desv.中。 相似文献
18.
B. R. Lu R. von Bothmer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,81(4):524-532
Summary Integeneric hybridizations were carried out between Secale cereale L. (2n = 14, RR) and three Elymus species, namely, E. caninus (L.) L. (2n = 28, SSHH), E. brevipes (Keng) Löve (2n = 28, SSYY) and E. tsukushiensis Honda (2n = 42, SSHHYY). Chromosome pairing was studied at metaphase I in the parental species and the hybrids. Meiotic configurations of the hybrids were 20.74 1+0.14 II for E. caninus x S. cereale (SHR), 16.35 I+2.17 II+0.09 III for E. brevipes x S. cereale (SYR) and 25.84 I+1.10 II+0.02 III for E. tsukushiensis x S. cereale (SHYR), in addition to some secondary associations in the different hybrids. It is concluded from the study that (1) a certain, different homoeologous relationship exists among S, H and Y genomes in the investigated Elymus species; (2) low homoeology is present between genomes of Elymus (S or H or Y) and rye (R); (3) the Secale genome affects homoeologous chromosome pairing between different genomes in E. brevipes and E. tsukushiensis. 相似文献