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1.
东北二龙湾玛珥湖孢粉记录显示,34 ka B.P.以来,该区植被和气候经历了以下变化:34-29.3 ka B.P.,发育山地寒温性针叶林,气候冷湿.29.3-12.6 ka B.P.,该区以寒温性针叶林、桦树林为主,气候转向冷干发展,尤其在20.6-18.7 ka B.P.(LGM)时,表现最为突出.12.6-8.9 ka B.P.,该区植被为针阔叶混交林,气候由冷干向温湿逐渐过渡,8.9-4.6 ka B.P.,为落叶阔叶林,气候温暖湿润.4.6 ka B.P.至今,发育针阔叶混交林,气候向温凉转干方向发展.研究表明,MIS3a阶段,以二龙湾为代表的中国东北东部气候以冷湿为主要特征,而末次冰期对该区的影响直到12.6 ka B.P.以后才结束.  相似文献   

2.
通过对河北省文安洼湿地沉积物孢粉组合特征、粒度的综合分析,重建了该地区晚全新世以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,该地区晚全新世以来气候总体由凉湿转变为冷干,具体可以分为3个阶段:3 200-2 010cal.a B.P.以湿润气候为主;2 010-1 280cal.a B.P.气候偏冷干;1 280cal.a B.P.以来气候进一步冷干。小冰期以来(556-160cal.a B.P.),中华卷柏孢子持续高含量,伴随粗颗粒物质63μm含量的上升,表明小冰期以来,文安洼流域气候波动较大,雨水、干旱、洪水并存。  相似文献   

3.
本研究通过浙江南部地区高山湿地望东垟的61个孢粉样品分析结果,结合四个AMS14C年代数据构建的年代框架,初步揭示了该区域中晚全新世以来的植被演变历史与气候变化。研究表明,该区域7.4-2.1ka B.P.气候暖湿,温暖湿润的气候塑造了当时常绿阔叶针叶混交林的地带性植被,森林覆盖率高,并持续了五千多年。2.1-1.8ka B.P.为该区域气候由暖转型到冷的过渡阶段,草本植物扩张明显。1.8ka B.P.至现今,该区域气候凉偏湿,地带性植被以常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林、草本及蕨类植物为主。显然,自7.4ka B.P.以来,该区域植被覆盖度与生态环境的变化以气候变化为主导。但是,有证据表明1.1ka B.P.以来该区域明显有了人类活动的记录,气候变化与人类活动共同塑造了该区域的植被与生态环境。  相似文献   

4.
末次冰盛期以来,地球系统经历了一次从冷到暖完整的气候旋回,是过去全球变化研究的一个重要时段。本文基于陇中黄土高原会宁硝沟剖面河湖相-水下黄土沉积序列的高分辨率地层孢粉记录,探讨该区末次冰盛期以来的植被演替及其气候响应模式,旨在为黄土高原生态环境建设的战略部署提供科学依据,且对进一步探讨区域气候演化机制、预测未来气候环境变化趋势具有重要意义。硝沟剖面的孢粉记录揭示,末次冰盛期以来该区的植被演替过程为:荒漠草原(寒冷的盛冰期)→针叶疏林/森林草原(逐渐增温的冰消期)→针阔叶混交林为主的森林草原→针阔叶混交林(温暖的盛间冰期)→针叶疏林草原→干草原/荒漠草原;相应的气候变化模式为:冷干→较温湿→较暖湿→暖湿→温凉偏干→较冷干。总体来看,末次冰盛期以来,研究区植被对气候环境变化的响应非常敏感,随着气候的冷暖干湿变化,森林/疏林草原带自东南-西北发生多次进退;区域顶极植物群落为中全新世气候最适宜期发育的针阔叶混交林,研究区早中全新世较长时期都有较大面积的针阔叶混交林发育;晚全新世植被退化为干草原/荒漠草原,一方面可能是气候持续变干的自然响应,另一方面可能也与此时强烈的人类活动对自然森林/草原植被的破坏导致的恶性循环有关。  相似文献   

5.
长白山区全新世大暖期的氨基酸和碳同位素记录   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据长白山孤山屯沼泽沉积物的氨基酸、有机碳、有机氮和有机碳同位素(^13C/^12C)垂直分布的研究,揭示了长白山区距今13.5ka以来的气候环境特征及其演变过程:大约距今13.5-12.5ka,气候严寒,不利于生物的繁衍,生物产量处于较低值;距今12.5-9.5ka,气温处于上升期。但年均温度低于现今温度;距今9.5-4.0ka,可判定为全新世大暖期(Megathermal),气候温暖潮湿,有利于生物的繁衍,生物产量较高。其中大约距今8.6-7.5ka期间、氨基酸、有机碳、有机氮分布均出现较高峰值,而有机碳同位素(δ^13C)则出现较低峰值,可以推测这一时段为全新世大暖期的鼎盛期(Megathermal Maximum),生物极为繁盛,生物产量处于最高值;距今4.0ka以来,气温有下阵趋势,生物产量有所减少,但雨水量有增加的趋势。  相似文献   

6.
青藏高原30个点湖泊的孢粉记录综合研究显示: 在进入全新世之前(12 ka BP以前),除最东南部外,高原从东到西均发育为荒漠草原植被.全新世早期(12.0-9.0 ka BP)高原东南部(104°-98° E)为落叶阔叶林/针阔叶混交林; 中部(98°-92° E)为草甸或灌丛草甸,再向西至80° E左右为草原植被; 全新世中期(9.0-3.2 ka BP)高原由东向西古植被依次发育为针阔混交林和硬叶阔叶林(104°-98° E)→针阔混交林(98°-94° E)→灌丛草甸(94°-92° E)→草原(92°-80° E);全新世晚期(3.2 ka BP以后)由东向西古植被依次为硬叶阔叶林→针阔混交林→草甸→草原→荒漠.  相似文献   

7.
黄土高原西部4万多年以来植被与环境变化的孢粉记录   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采集甘肃静宁、定西、秦安等地晚更新世晚期以来几个黄土剖面的孢粉样品,分别以晚更新世每个样品分辨率200—300年,全新世20—200年,揭示了黄土高原西部4万多年以来古植被曾经历过草原、森林草原(或疏林草原)、针叶林以及荒漠草原或荒漠几种植被的多次快速变化。在44.2—11kaBP期间,静宁地区植被主要表现为森林和草原成分的相互消长,其中44—29kaBP期间(MIS3)气候以湿润为主,发育针叶林,温度低于现在;23kaBP之后,气候冷干,以稀疏草原为主,在末次盛冰期植被甚至演化为荒漠草原。全新世大部分时间内是以草原或森林草原(或疏林草原)植被为主。在全新世中期,约7.6—5.8kaBP有近1700年时间发育有森林植被,在这个时期当地自然植被覆盖度较高,而草原或疏林草原发育时期植被往往较稀疏,反映气候相对干冷。根据出现的不同类型植物的孢粉浓度及其生态环境特性,研究区早、中全新世,约8.8—5.8kaBP沉积环境较湿润;自3.8kaBP以后气候环境总的变化趋势是逐渐变干,植被开始向草原荒漠化演变。然而,研究区整个全新世气候环境存在多次干湿交替现象,据孢粉记录,其中可能存在11次气候干寒事件。  相似文献   

8.
末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的增温期和全新世高温期是人类古文化进步的重要时期。黄土高原北部沙漠-黄土过渡带两个自然剖面高分辨率花粉分析结果显示,该区LGM以来为草原植被景观,但优势群落和伴生植物随气候变化而有所不同,温度和降水变化对植被演替有着重要的控制作用。气候干冷时,以耐干旱的草本植物种属为主,群落成分单一,植被盖度低;增温期和高温期,出现少量暖温带乔木植物如胡桃科、栎属等,植被盖度高,群落发育良好。全新世暖期是植被发育良好、植被盖度高的适宜期。本研究为黄土高原地区未来增温下植被响应的分析提供了历史相似型。  相似文献   

9.
就南海北部海域17940孔的孢粉资料,利用孢粉生物群区化方法和因子分析方法,对南海北部周边地区4万年以来的植被演替序列进行研究。结果表明:对于深海沉积物,在排除远距离搬运的花粉尤其是松属(Pinus L.)花粉的噪音后,可以利用孢粉生物群区化方法恢复周边大陆古植被演替序列。因子分析表明,湿度和温度的变化是影响南海北部周边大陆植被演化的主要因子。在40500-11100aBP南海北部沿海大陆地区的古植被,主要为常绿阔叶林(WAMF),山地针叶林(MRGF)分布于低山、丘陵、而广泛出露的大陆架上则发育了以蒿属(Artemisia L.)为主的草原(STEP)景观:末次冰期时环境变化的突出特征山地针叶林(MRGF)、常绿阔叶林(WAMF)与草原(STEP)之间的频繁交替,反映了气候冷湿和温干的千年级尺度的迅速变化,可以与Heinrich事件以及Dansggard-Oscherge事件进行对比。其中在7.0m处(12700aBP)所恢复的山地针叶林(MRGF)景观反映了一次气候变冷变湿的事件,可能与新仙女木事件相对应。全新世早期和末期较多出现热带雨林(TRFO0以及热带季雨林(TSFO)景观,而全新世中期以常绿阔叶林(WAMF)为主,缺乏热带雨林(TRFO)以及热带季雨林(TSFO)景观,可能表明在全新世中期尽管温度升高,但湿度有可能降低。  相似文献   

10.
该文综述了北京地区全新世以来植被演替和气候变化的相关研究资料,这些资料反映了当前阶段对该地区该时段植被与气候环境格局特征的认识。北京地区全新世早期(约12 000–8 000 cal a B.P.)植被为森林草地和/或针叶树占主导的针阔混交林,森林中阔叶树类群逐渐增多,指示了气候由寒冷干燥转为温暖湿润;全新世中期(约8 000–2 000 cal a B.P.前后)植被为暖温带针阔混交林,指示暖湿气候;全新世晚期(约2 000 cal a B.P.以来)转为森林草地和/或针叶树占主导的针阔混交林,气候转向凉干。植被演替反映的湿润度变化与季风区其它地区变化趋势一致。值得注意的是,前人研究揭示北京地区山区与平原中植被类型和类群组成已经出现空间分异。今后如能深入开展定量古气候重建研究,有可能精确描述其气候变化的过程,增进中国不同地理单元同时期气候变化的对比。  相似文献   

11.
A high resolution marine pollen record from site GeoB1023, west of the northern Namib desert provides data on vegetation and climate change for the last 21 ka at an average resolution of 185 y. Pollen and spores are mainly delivered to the site by the Cunene river and by surface and mid-tropospheric wind systems. The main pollen source areas are located between 13°S and 21°S, which includes the northern Namib desert and semi-desert, the Angola-northern Namibian highland, and the north-western Kalahari. The pollen spectra reflect environmental changes in the region. The last glacial maximum (LGM) was characterised by colder and more arid conditions than at present, when a vegetation with temperate elements such as Asteroideae, Ericaceae, and Restionaceae grew north of 21°S. At 17.5 ka cal. B.P., an amelioration both in temperature and humidity terminated the LGM but, in the northern Kalahari, mean annual rainfall in the interval 17.5-14.4 ka cal. B.P. was probably 100–150 mm lower than at present (400–500 mm/y). The Late-glacial to early Holocene transition includes two arid periods, i.e. 14.4–12.5 and 10.9–9.3 ka cal. B.P. The last part of the former period may be correlated with the Younger Dryas. The warmest and most humid period in the Holocene occurred between 6.3 and 4.8 ka cal. B.P. During the last 2000 years, human impact, as reflected by indications of deforestation, enhanced burning and overgrazing, progressively intensified.  相似文献   

12.
The mapping of Weichselian late-glacial interstadial (13-11 ka B.P.) and Younger Dryas stadial (11-10 ka B.P.) pollen percentages for selected taxa demonstrates vegetational and hence climatic differentiation in Western Norway during these times. In the south, early interstadial Salix dominance was replaced by Betula woodland development. During Younger Dryas time, Betula pollen declined to values consistent with a modern vegetational analogue of the vegetation at the upper forest limit. In the inner fjord areas north of Stavanger, the interstadial vegetation contained scattered birch trees, the density depending on local topography and soils. During the Younger Dryas, vegetation resembling the modern mid- and low-alpine vegetation developed. On the outer coast, the interstadial vegetation was probably treeless, and dominated by Salix spp., including S. herbacea, and herbs. The vegetation became even more open during the Younger Dryas, resembling that of the modern mid- and high-alpine zones. The spatial ecotones delimiting the three areas of different vegetation development during both the interstadial and the Younger Dryas can be placed north of Stavanger, separating the southern region, and between the outer coast and inner fjord areas to the north. The Younger Dryas drop in temperature in all areas was up to about 5°C, enough to pass ecotonal thresholds in time in all areas.  相似文献   

13.
钻孔取自上海青浦县赵巷镇,柱长19.8m,5个14C年龄(AMS测定)年代跨度从13460±60aB.P.到2660±60aB.P,但缺失全新世早期沉积。对15m以上(8.5aB.P.)部分系统采集了35孢粉样品,样品分辩率在150a左右(少数样品除外);通过有序分割并综合图谱特征划分出7个孢粉带和2个亚带,据此恢复和重建了本区8.5kaB.P以来植被变化和气候波动历史。具体结果为与现今气候相比,8.5aB.P.~8.2kaB.P.为冷干期,但气候呈上升趋势,地带性植被为含常绿阔叶树种的落叶阔叶林;8.2kaB.P.~8.0kaB.P.为暖湿期、常绿阔叶林,气候处于峰值,温度高于现今2℃左右,降雨量高于现今400mm左右;8.0kaB.P.~7.6kaB.P.为冷干期、落叶阔叶和针阔混交林,气候处于谷值,温度低于现今2℃左右,降雨量少于现今400mm左右;7.6kaB.P.~6.2kaB.P.为暖湿期、常绿阔叶林或常绿、落叶阔叶混交林;6.2kaB.P.~4.0kaB.P.为温干期、含常绿阔叶树种的落叶林或针阔混交林;4.0kaB.P.~3.0kaB.P.为温凉略湿期、含常绿阔叶的落叶阔叶林;3.0kaB.P.~1.5kaB.P.为暖湿期、常绿阔叶林,但2.6kaB.P.以来又有变冷趋势。 文中还对常绿阔叶木本孢粉与总木本孢粉的比值(E/W)的生态意义进行了讨论。  相似文献   

14.
A new core taken from a site in the Sierra de Courel range of mountains in the northwest Iberian peninsula, Spain, enables a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to be made of the biological events resulting from climatic changes and human activities during the last 17,000 years in the area. The sequence begins with a phase characterised by the dominance of Gramineae (Poaceae) and Pinus. A markedly arid period with prevalence of Artemisia pollen occurred between 17,5000 and 15,500 uncal. B.P. Subsequently, a succession of woodlands with Betula, Pinus and other mesophilous and thermophilous trees was recognised during the period 15,500-13,500 uncal. B.P. Between 13,500 and 10,300 uncal. B.P. herbaceous vegetation formations indicating moister conditions dominated the pollen record, although a maximum of Gramineae has been dated during the period 11,300-10,300 uncal. B.P. Comparison with other pollen data from neighbouring mountains allows an interpretation of the vegetation changes during the glacial/interglacial transition in the mountains of northwest Iberia. The Holocene pollen record from the site does not differ markedly from other records in the area, tree expansion occurring before 10,000 uncal. B.P. and high values of deciduous Quercus mixed with other trees and shrubs persisting until 3500 uncal. B.P., when increased human activities are shown by a fall of the tree pollen percentages. Received July 7, 1999 / Accepted May 22, 2000  相似文献   

15.
Two14C-dated pollen profiles from mires in the steppe belt of southern Russia are presented. On the basis of these and data from earlier investigations, the Holocene forest history of the southern part of Russia and Ukraine is reconstructed. The steppe belt is very sensitive to climatic oscillations and, in particular, to changes in evapotranspiration. The most favourable climate occurred between 6000 and 4500 B.P. (6800–5200 cal. B.P.), when forest attained its maximum extent in the steppe belt. The period 4500–3500 B.P. (5200–3800 cal. B.P.) was characterised by drier climate with the most arid phase occurring between 4200–3700 B.P. (4700–4000 cal. B.P.). During arid phases, the area under forest and also peat accumulation rates declined. Subsequently, a number of less pronounced climatic oscillations occurred such as in the period 3400/3300–2800 B.P. (3600/3500–2900 cal. B.P.) when there was a return to more humid conditions. During the last 2500 years, the vegetation cover of the steppe belt in southern Russia and Ukraine took on its present-day aspect. On the one hand, there is close correlation between the Holocene vegetation history of southern Russia and Ukraine and, on the other hand, the steppe belt of Kazakhstan and transgressions in the Caspian sea. Human impact on the natural vegetation became important from the Bronze Age onwards (after 4500 B.P.; 5200 cal. B.P.). Particular attention is given to the history of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), which had a much wider distribution in the southern part of eastern Europe in the early Holocene. The reduction in range during recent millennia has come about as a result of the combined effects of both climatic deterioration and increased human impact.  相似文献   

16.
Studies on the pollen from cores of Lake Hidden (29~48.77' N, 92~22.37' E) and Ren Co (30%3.97'N, 96~40.97'E) in Southeast Xizang (Tibet) showed climatic changes and the evolution of vegetation since the last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Before 16 ka BP pollen assemblages were dominated by Chenopodiaceae (20% -50% ) and Artemidis (10% ~ 30% ) and pollen influx values were very low from Lake Ren Co in Basu county. The vegetation around the lake was probably a desert-steppe during the LGM. The data also suggest that the climate in the Basu area was cold and dry during the LGM and the last glacial time. The mean annual temperature was probably 4 ~ 6 ℃ colder than the present, and the mean annual precipitation was only 250 mm, about 40% of the present. The Southwest monsoon became stronger from 12 ka BP to 6 ka BP reaching its acme by 7 ka BP, but weakened gradually from 5 ka BP to the present. The paleovegetation was dominantly forest or forest-meadow around Lake Hidden and Ren Co during the 9.2 ~ 5 ka BP. The mean temperature in January was probably 2 ~ 3 ℃ higher than the present, and the mean annual precipitation was 100 mm more than the present. The timing of vegetational and climatic changes based on pollen records generally supports the results of global climatic-model experiments that predict a strengthened monsoon system during the early to middle Holocene followed by a weakened monsoon system.  相似文献   

17.
The paper deals with the vegetation history of the southern Loess Plateau, central China, for the last 100 ka based on palynological records from Weinan section. The pollen diagram of the loess-paleosol sequence at Weinan, southern part of the Plateau (109~30rE, 34°24′N), displays a predominence of arid shrubs or herbs (Arternisia, Chenopodiaceae) alternating with the abundance of mesic herbs (Cyperaceae, Ranuculaceae, Liliaceae etc. ) indicating a succession of steppe and meadow-steppe in turn during the last 100 ka BP. Forest vegetation developed only in some comparatively short time intervals e. g. Ulmus forest at ca. 95.1~90.0 ka BP (9. 50~9.32 m); Corylus woodland at ca. 25.0~21.1 ka BP (4.00~3.48 m) and Tsuga stand at ca. 13.7~11.8 ka BP (2.20~1.80 m). So far plant ecologists assinged the southern Loess Plateau to temperate broadleaf deciduous forest zone. Actually there are no forests on. the Plateau surfaces today. The lack of forest from the Plateau surface today is explained as being due to human interferences by plant ecologists. However, in the context of the last 100 ka BP it seems that there has been some nonhuman factors responsible for the treelessness of the Plateau, such as the free-draining nature of loess, which deserves greater consideration.  相似文献   

18.
晚更新世晚期以来昆仑山垭口区的植被与环境   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
昆仑山垭口区小南川剖面和雪水河热水剖面的孢粉分析揭示了该区44000aB.P.以来的植被演替和气候变化。40000aB.P.前,推测昆仑山垭口区为典型的灌木荒漠植被,气候极端干燥。40000-30000aB.P.,气候稍有好转。30000-24000aB.P.为草原荒漠,降水增加。24000-18000aB.P.为末次冰期极盛期,气候干冷。18000-13000aB.P.气候凉偏干。13000-8000aB.P.气候凉干。8000-6000aB.P.为全新世温暖期,但由于植被的滞后现象,本区仍为草原荒漠景观。6000-5000aB.P.,本区可能也存在着中全新世的降温事件。5000-3000aB.P.在全新世大暖期的影响下,小南川附近的植被演变成温性草原植被,并有人类的放牧活动。3000aB.P.以后,气候变凉,草原迅速地演变为灌木和小乔木荒漠植被,其中3000-1000aB.P.为凉干时期,1000aB.P.以后,可能有过一段凉湿时期。  相似文献   

19.
吉林省敦化地区晚全新世泥炭沼泽孢粉组合特征及古植被   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对大桥泥炭地的孢粉进行了分析和年龄测定.根据孢粉组合、地层特征和14C年龄将剖面划分为4个孢粉带,分别为2 195±70~2 045±70 yr B.P.松为主的松-云冷杉-榛-栎-苔草组合带、2 045±70~1 745±70 yr B.P.苔草为主的松-桦-榛 胡桃-苔草组合带、1 745±70~705±70 yr B.P.松-榛-鹅耳枥-苔草-毛茛组合带和705±70 yr B.P.~1 950 yr A.D.松-云冷杉-桦-苔草组合带.周围植被由温带山地针叶林(类似现今海拔1 100 m以上)、温带针阔混交林下部(类似现今海拔400~600 m)和温带针阔混交林中部(类似现今海拔600~800 m)过渡到温带针阔混交林上部(类似现今海拔800~1 100 m).相应地,泥炭沼泽经历了孕育期、蓬勃发展期、继续扩张期和消亡期.  相似文献   

20.
This paper presents results of pollen analysis on sediments of core Cao 2 from Dianchi Lake. Four pollen zones are defined, namely zone I, which is further divided into four subzones, zone Ⅱ, zone Ⅲ and zone Ⅳ. Zone Ⅰ(ca. 47600–11800 yrs B. P.) is characterized by low land pollen sedimentation rates and constant presence of Abies pollen. In zone Ⅱ (ca. 11800–6900 yrs B. P.) broad-leaved tree pollen increases and Abies pollen gradually disappears. In zone Ⅲ (ca. 6900–3800 yrs B. P.) evergreen broad-leaved-tree pollen and total land pollen influx reach their maximum values while, Tsuga pollen decreases. Zone Ⅳ shows a great decreases in pollen influx of various pollen types and a increase in Monolete psilate spores. In the past 40000 years vegetation in this area trend changes from a dominantion of coniferous tree to an evergreen broad-leaved forest, co-existing or mixing deciduous broadleaved forest and coniferous forest. In the past 3800 years, due to climate changes and / or human activities, the vegetation cover in this area has been greatly reduced. The above vegetation changes indicate a climate change process from cool and humid, to warm and humid and finally to mild and dry.  相似文献   

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