Studies on the synnematous fungi imperfecti II

Summary Albosynnema with the type species,A. elegans, andSolheimia with the type species,S. costaspora, are described as new synnematous taxa. A species ofNegeriella, N. panamensis, is described as new. All of these new taxa produce phragmospores. In addition, new distribution records forCalostilbella Calostilbe, Stromatographium stromaticum, Vrikshopama swetasakha, andIsaria tenuipes are listed.This study was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (GB-2433).     

Three new species and a new combination in the genusTorulomyces from soil

Seven isolates ofTorulomyces from Asian and Australian soil samples were studied in comparison with known taxa of the genus and withMonocillium indicum, the type species ofMonocillium. Three new species,Torulomyces parviverrucosus, T. laevis, andT. ovatus, are described, andT. brunneus is described as a new combination. Conidial characteristics, especially their shape and surface structure, are useful taxonomic criteria for distinguishing species ofTorulomyces. Monocillium is considered to be a distinct genus.     

New species and a new combination in Myrtaceae from northeastern South America

Three new species of Myrtaceae (Calyptranthes bracteata, Eugenia gonglycocarpa, andMyrcia rupta) from northeastern South America are described and illustrated, and a new combination (Eugenia tetramera) is proposed. The closed-calyx and the completely or partially fused cotyledons ofMyrcia rupta, unusual features for the genus, are discussed and compared with related species inMyrcia andMarlierea.     

Studies on the synnematous fungi imperfecti. I

Summary Pseudographiella with the type species,P. variaseptata, andPhragmographium with the type species,P. ulmi, are described as new synnematous taxa. Both of these new species produce phragmospores. In addition, a new species ofDendrostilbella, D. bonari, is described as new.     

Taxonomic studies on new or critical fungi of non-pathogenic Onygenales 1

From recent isolates of microfungi on soil materials collected at several localities in the world, five new taxa of the Onygenales are described and illustrated. A new monotypic genus,Kraurogymnocarpa lenticulospora, is proposed. New species are described inAmauroascus, Aphanoascus, andArachnomyces. A new variety ofPseudogymnoascus roseus is also proposed.     

Novelties in spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay

One new Bolivian species (Borreria pazensis) and three new varieties (Borreria densiflora var.minima, Richardia, scabra var.chacoensis andStaelia virgata var.killeenii) are described and illustrated. The genusDiodella, with three species (D. apiculata comb. nov., D. radula comb. nov., andD. teres), is reported for the first time.Borreria limae, B. wunschmannii, B. scabiosoides var.scabiosoides, andB. scabiosoides var.anderssonii are also reported as new to Bolivia.     

New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III

Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified.     

A new species of Caprellinoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phtisicidae) from the Antarctic

A new caprellid species, Caprellinoides singularis, is described and illustrated based on the material collected on the Polarstern Cruise ANT XVII/3 from the Branfield Strait. The most striking characteristic of this species is the presence of bilobed gills on pereonites 3 and 4. The genus Caprellinoides is revised. Caprellinoides antarctica Schellengerg, 1926 and Caprellinoides spinosus Barnard, 1930 are considered junior synonyms of Caprellinoides tristanensis Stebbing, 1888 and Caprellinoides mayeri (Pfeffer, 1888), respectively. The new species, C. singularis, is compared with the remaining species in the genus Caprellinoides: C. tristanensis and C. mayeri, which are illustrated in detail. Received in revised form: 4 June 2001 Electronic Publication     

Life-history of ascomycetes: two new species ofChaetosphaeria withChloridium andChloridium-Dictyochaeta anamorphs

Two new species ofChaetosphaeria, Chaet. dilabens andChaet. hebetiseta, withChloridium andChloridium-Dictyochaeta anamorphs, are described and illustrated on material from Japan and Ukraine, respectively. The lifehistories of both species were confirmed by cultural studies.     

New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae

seventeen new species and combinations are proposed in the generaChondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Solenidiopsis, andStenia. All new species are illustrated. A key is provided for 2-flowered species ofMacroclinium, PeruvianSigmatostalix, and PeruvianStenia. Solenidium (Solenidiopsis) peruvianum Schltr. is lectotypified.     

Agouticarpa, a new neotropical genus of Tribe Gardenieae (Rubiaceae)

Agouticarpa, a new genus of the informalAlibertia group (Rubiaceae), is described and illustrated. It comprises six species, and occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia. Three species are here described as new:Agouticarpa grandistipula, A. hirsuta, andA. velutina. Additionally, three new combinations are made:A. curvifolia andA. williamsii (previously inGenipa) andA. isernii (previously inAlibertia). Agouticarpa is characterized by being dioecious, having elliptic to abovate, membranaceous stipules, male flowers in a branched dichasial or thyrse-like inflorescence, a poorly developed cup-shaped calyx, pollen grains with 3–7 apertures, and large globose fruits.     

Synopsis of the tribe Bocageeae (Annonaceae), with revisions of Cardiopetalum,Froesiodendron, Trigynaea,Bocagea, and Hornschuchia

The tribal name Bocageeae Endlicher is reestablished and the tribe is circumscribed on the basis of solitary internodal ebracteate pedicels that are articulated at the base, and pollen shed in polyads of eight or more grains. Septate anther locules, large pollen size, and seed appendages are prevalent in the tribe. Intectate pollen with free-standing columellae, rare in Annonaceae, occurs not only in the genusTrigynaea but also in some species ofBocagea andHornschuchia. As defined here, the Bocageeae include seven neotropical genera:Cymbopetalum, Porcelia, Bocagea, Cardiopetalum, Froesiodendron, Hornschuchia, andTrigynaea. The latter five genera are revised and the treatments include ten new species:Cardiopetalum plicatum, Froesiodendron urceocalyx, Hornschuchia lianarum, H. santosii, H. leptandra, Trigynaea cinnamomea, T. lanceipetala, T. triplinervis, T. lagaropoda, andT. axilliflora, all from tropical South America. A new combination,Froesiodendron longicuspe, changes the rank of that taxon from subspecies to species.Cardiopetalum surinamense is removed fromFroesiodendron and reassigned toCardiopetalum on the basis of its connate petals, dehiscent monocarps, and seeds with bilobed arils. A cladogram provides an explicit hypothesis of intergeneric relationships in the tribe. The new combinationOnychopetalum periquino, based onTrigynaea periquino, is made.     

Hyaloscyphaceae in Japan (4): New records of the genusLachnum

Six species of the genusLachnum, Hyaloscyphaceae are described:Lachnum longispinum andL. radiatum spp. nov.;L. fuscescens, L. palmae, L. pulverulentum, andL. rhytismatis, new to Japan. Mycoscience40: 401–404. 1999.     

The Miocene Architectonicidae (Gastropoda) of Chile

Three new species of Architectonicidae Heliacinae,Heliacus (Torinista) chonos, Heliacus (Grandeliacus) antu andSolatisonax bieleri, are described. These include the first reports ofGrandeliacus andSolatisonax from Chile.Solarium australe Philippi, 1887 is an earlier name forHeliacus (Torinista) bahamondei Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1981, but is a junior homonym ofS. australe Philippi, 1849. Type material and new specimens of the five previously described architectonicid species from Chile are described and figured for comparison. Together with other gastropod taxa from the same deposits, Architectonicidae provide evidence for tropical to subtropical water temperatures in central Chile during the early Miocene.     

Studies on generaMallomonas andSynura,and other plankton in freshwater with the electron microscope VIII. On three new species of chrysophyceae

Three new species (Chrysophyceae) which belong to the Torquata group of the genusMallomonas, to the Spinosa group of the genusSynura, and to the genusOhromonas were found from freshwater in the North-East of Japan by the aid of an electron microscope. They were namedMallomonas recticostata, Synura mammillosa, andOchromonas diademifera, respectively. The characteristics of the three new species are described here.     

Three new species of anamorphic yeasts phenotypically and phylogenetically related toCandida mesenterica: The description ofCandida fungicola sp. nov.,Candida sagamina sp. nov., andCandida fukazawae sp. nov. isolated from fruit bodies of mushrooms

Four strains of anamorphic yeasts isolated from fruit bodies of mushrooms collected in Japan were found to represent three new species of the genusCandida. These species resembleCandida mesenterica in characteristics commonly employed in the classification of yeasts. On the basis of DNA-DNA reassociation, however, they were clearly distinguished fromC. mesenterica and from one another. Three new species,Candida fungicola, Candida sagamina, andCandida fukazawae, are proposed for these yeasts. The analysis of SSU rDNA sequences suggested that these three species were closely related to each other and toC. mesenterica andC. suecica.     

Two new species of Galipea (Rutaceae, Galipeae) from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru

Two new species ofGalipea are described and illustrated:Galipea maxima, which is known from the wet forests of Ecuador, and Peru, andGalipea ramiflora, from Bolivia and Peru. Their main diagnostic features are pointed out, and a brief discussion on the relationships of the new taxa to other species ofGalipea is provided.     

The taxonomy of some Swartzieae (Leguminosae, subfam. Papilionoideae) from southeastern brazil

Three new species of Swartzieae are described and illustrated:Swartzia alternifoliolata, S. capixabensis, andZollernia cowanii. Swartzia apetala var.blanchetii and var.subcordata are considered to be synonyms ofS. apetala var.apetala, andS. grazielana a synonym ofS. macrostachya var.macrostachya. Keys to southeastern Brazil members ofSwartzia andZollernia are provided.     

Molecular phylogeny of JapaneseAmanita species based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA

The molecular phylogeny of 36 specimens of JapaneseAmanita species was studied based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The phylogenetic tree obtained supported the traditional classification systems of Bas (1969) and Singer (1986), which are based on morphological characters, in the division of the genusAmanita is divided into subgeneraAmanita andLepidella by the amyloidity of basidiospores. However, at section-level, we suggest that subgenusAmanita should be divided into three sections (Amanita, Vaginatae, andCaesareae). Our results also showed the necessity to modify the taxonomic treatments at section-level in the subgenusLepidella. It appears that the establishment ofA. muscaria andA. pantherina from a common ancestral species might be a very recent event, or these might be lower taxa of same species. As for three subspecies ofA. hemibapha and three varieties ofA. vaginata, it is necessary to grade up their taxonomical ranks from subspecies/variety to species. A new combination,A. javanica, is proposed forA. hemibapha subsp.javanica.