THE POWER OF THE " A" -" NOT A" METHOD

The " A" - " Not A" method is a rating method with two categories. It is often treated as a discrimination method. Unlike forced choice procedures, the Thurstonian model for this method involves a choice criterion. In statistical tests, it is treated as a comparison of two proportions. In this paper, the power for hypothesis tests involving the monadic and replicated monadic " A" - " Not A" method is discussed. The power functions and the sample sizes needed for 80% power are given based on Thurstone's δ. Designs with equal and unequal allocations for A and A (Not A) samples are considered. The power of the method is also compared with that of four forced choice methods under the assumption that the perceptual variance is identical among methods. The comparison shows that, in general, the power for the five methods ranks from high to low: the 3-AFC, 2-AFC, " A" - " Not A", triangular and duo-trio. The comparison also shows that, based on the same number of panelists and/or the same sample size for the A and A⁻ samples for the methods, if the panelists are not too discrepant and the choice criterion in the " A" - " Not A" method is not too strict or too lax, the power of the " A" - " Not A" method is very close to that of the 2-AFC method.     

滇西耿马县小新寨中二叠世沙子坡组"Rugososchwagerina"的再研究

中二叠世的Eopolydiexodina-Rugososchwagerina类动物群是一个具有重要地层及古地理意义的动物群,也是滇西保山地块沙子坡组的一个指示性动物群。文中详细研究了耿马小新寨沙子坡组“Rugososchwageri-na”标本的形态学特征,阐明了其与RugososchwagerinaMiklukho-Maklay,1956的模式标本在特征上的显著区别。依据幼壳形态特征在类个体发育及系统发生研究中的重要性,对小新寨“Rugososchwagerina”标本的属级分类提出质疑,并建议建立新属Xiaoxinzhaiellagen.nov.。     

植物园的“最佳未来”

国立威尔斯 (士 )植物园是按里约全球最高会议明确的可持续性原则而建立的第一个国家植物园。可持续性虽然是其总方针 ,却并非其焦点 ,只是其工作的准则。在该园 ,持续性是建立在社会、政治、经济、文化、精神和环境诸方面的整体性基础上 ,该园也提供了广泛的建议有助于人们对未来作出新的选择。它是“最佳未来”的旗手。本文论述了该园是怎样通过最佳未来的途径来帮助复苏地区经济。事例包括 :生物技术孵化器、合作旅游、地方产品开发和园内零售及国内传统康复和学习中心。也对园内“活机器”的永循环、生长量活锅炉、有机农场、废石用作覆盖、如何建球形增温园和有机菜园等提供想法。概括了该园的科学作用和在该地区的植物保护工作中的作用。本文的重点是以文中的观点说明植物园可以而且应该帮助增加财富 ,改善人民健康和促进社会稳定     

AN UNUSUAL CONFIGURATION OF THE GOLGI COMPLEX IN PIGMENT-PRODUCING "TEST" CELLS OF THE OVARY OF THE TUNICATE,STYELA

The test cell in the ovary of the tunicate Styela contains a large and robust Golgi complex which demonstrates a regional structural differentiation. In one of the regions, branching of the lamellae occurs resulting in a honeycomb or lattice-type arrangement. Small, dense granules or homogeneous material of moderate density may be present within certain of the Golgi cisternae. The close association, or continuity in some cases, between elements of the Golgi complex and immature forms of pigment suggests that the Golgi complex in these cells is involved in pigment formation. These relationships are shown and discussed in terms of possible functional significance.